Kam Sing Wong's research while affiliated with The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and other places
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Publications (301)
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are widely exploited in all‐dielectric metasurfaces to significantly enhance the Q‐factor and second harmonic generation (SHG). However, a higher SHG conversion efficiency is overshadowed by the narrow transparency window of all‐dielectric materials and strict requirement of polarization‐matching. Herein, an aug...
Producing heterostructures of cesium lead halide perovskites and metal‐chalcogenides in the form of colloidal nanocrystals can improve their optical features and stability, and also govern the recombination of charge carriers. Herein, the synthesis of red‐emitting CsPbI 3 /ZnSe nanoheterostructures is reported via an in situ hot injection method, w...
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Cyanation is a common chemical modification strategy to fine‐tune the energy levels and molecular packing of organic semiconductors, especially materials used in organic solar cells (OSCs). Generally, cyanation is used to modify the end groups of high‐performance small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs). However, the cyanation strategy has not been investig...
Lead‐free low‐dimensional organic–inorganic metal halides have gained increasing attention in a wide range of applications due to their low toxicity, outstanding optical performance, and structural tunability. In this work, a general method of incorporating organic molecule into sodium antimony bromides is introduced. The 1D Na 3 SbBr 6 (C 2 H 6 OS...
Metal chalcogenide nanocrystals with variable composition and shape can conveniently be produced using cation exchange synthesis; however, the presence of cation‐containing ligands inherited from the starting material often results in contamination of the final product. To address this issue, a two‐step ligand replacement strategy is developed to f...
Dielectric constant of non-fullerene acceptors plays a critical role in organic solar cells in terms of exciton dissociation and charge recombination. Current acceptors feature a dielectric constant of 3-4, correlating to relatively high recombination loss. We demonstrate that selenium substitution on acceptor central core can effectively modify mo...
The emission peak shift caused by ion motion, especially under high bias voltage, is an obstacle to the development of blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In this work, 3‐Aminopiperidine dihydrochloride (3AP) to construct heterocyclic dication Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) PeLEDs is introduced, and found that 3AP incorporation can retard the halid...
The exploration of high‐performance and low‐cost wide‐bandgap polymer donors remains critical to achieve high‐efficiency nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) beyond current thresholds. Herein, the 1,2,3‐benzothiadiazole (iBT), which is an isomer of 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BT), is used to design wide‐bandgap polymer donor PiBT. The PiBT‐based sol...
Orthogonal circularly polarized light is essential for multiplexing tunable metasurfaces. Mainstream spin-decoupled metasurfaces, consisting of numerous meta-atoms with mirror symmetry, rely on the cooperative modulation of the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase and the propagation phase. This paper demonstrates spin-decoupled functionality through the...
Despite recent advances, it is still difficult to fabricate deep blue‐emitting perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) that are immune to the color instability caused by halide mixing. This is largely because it is still challenging to achieve bright, stable, pure bromide perovskite materials with deep blue emission. Here, a novel strategy is repor...
Organic solar cell (OSC) development continues to demonstrate impressive device efficiency improvements. However, the materials synthetic simplicity essential to industrialization remains seriously lacking attention, imparting inferior performance records in low‐cost devices. Hence, low bandgap and completely non‐fused electron acceptors (CNFEAs) h...
High-efficiency organic solar cells are often achieved using toxic halogenated solvents and additives that are constrained in organic solar cells industry. Therefore, it is important to develop materials or processing methods that enabled highly efficient organic solar cells processed by halogen free solvents. In this paper, we report an innovative...
Metal halide perovskites have shown outstanding optoelectronic and nonlinear optical properties; yet, to realize wafer-scale high-performance perovskite-integrated photonics, the materials also need to have excellent ambient stability and compatibility with nanofabrication processes. In this work, we introduce Dion-Jacobson (D-J) phase perovskites...
In order to advance the development of quantum emitter‐based devices, it is essential to enhance light‐matter interactions through coupling between semiconductor quantum dots with high quality factor resonators. Here, efficient tuning of the emission properties of HgTe quantum dots in the infrared spectral region is demonstrated by coupling them to...
Orthogonal circularly polarized light is essential for multiplexing tunable metasurfaces. Mainstream spin-decoupled metasurfaces, consisting of numerous meta-atoms with mirror symmetry, rely on the cooperative modulation of the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase and the propagation phase. This paper demonstrates spin-decoupled functionality through the...
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Hetero‐epitaxy for integration of efficient III‐V lasers on silicon can enable wafer‐scale silicon photonic integrated circuits, which can unleash the full advantages of silicon photonics in production on large silicon wafers with low cost, high throughput, and large bandwidth and large‐scale integration. In this work, efficient III‐V distributed f...
Producing efficient blue and deep blue perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) still represents a significant challenge in optoelectronics. Blue PeLEDs still have problems relating to color, luminance, and structural and electrical stability so new materials are needed to achieve better performance. Recent reports suggest using low n states (n = 1, 2, 3) to achie...
Efficient exciton-to-charge generation from the introduction of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has been an important breakthrough in organic solar cell (OSC) developments. However, low device fill factors (FFs) following significant free charge carriers recombination loss continue to undermine their marketplace potential. Previous studies have succ...
We investigated the influence of two passivating molecules containing a P═O group on the performance of quasi-2D Dion-Jacobson halide perovskite light-emitting diodes, namely, triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and diphenyl-4-triphenylsilylphenyl phosphine oxide (TSPO1). We found that both passivating molecules lead to increased efficiency compared to...
The performance of the blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is limited by the low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and the unstable emission centers. In this work, we incorporate sodium bromide and acesulfame potassium into a quasi-2D perovskite to control the dimension distribution and promote the PLQYs. Benefiting from the effic...
Embedding submicrocavities is an effective approach to improve the light out-coupling efficiency (LOCE) for planar perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In this work, we employ phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) to trigger the Ostwald ripening for the downward recrystallization of perovskite, resulting in spontaneous formation of buried submicroc...
Various phosphonic acid based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been commonly used for interface modifications in inverted perovskite solar cells. This typically results in significant enhancement of the hole extraction and consequent increase in the power conversion efficiency. However, the surface coverage and packing density of SAM molecules...
Engineering of quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) tin halide perovskite structures is a promising pathway to achieve high-performance lead-free perovskite solar cells, with recently developed devices demonstrating over 14% efficiency. Despite the significant efficiency improvement over the bulk three-dimensional (3D) tin perovskite solar cells, the p...
Fullerene acceptors typically possess excellent electron-transporting properties and can work as guest components in ternary organic solar cells to enhance the charge extraction and efficiencies. However, conventional fullerene small molecules typically suffer from undesirable segregation and dimerization, thus limiting their applications in organi...
State-of-the-art Y6-type molecular acceptors exhibit nanosecond excited-state lifetimes despite their low optical gaps (~1.4 eV), thus allowing organic solar cells (OSCs) to achieve highly efficient charge generation with extended near-infrared (NIR) absorption range (up to ~1000 nm). However, the precise molecular-level mechanism that enables low-...
Although the electroluminescent performances of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are continuously improved through defect management strategies, the complicated design of passivation ligands brings great challenges to the rational defect‐annihilation process. Herein, considering the bonding strength with uncoordinated Pb²⁺, the methoxy gro...
Chiral perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as an interesting chiral excitonic platform that combines both structural flexibility and superior optoelectronic properties. Despite several recent demonstrations of optical activity in various chiral perovskite nanocrystals, efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with tunable energies remains...
Tuning the properties of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) through halogenation, including fluorination and chlorination, represents one of the most promising strategies to boost the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, it remains unclear how the F and Cl choice influences the molecular packing and performance between small‐molecule and...
Organic solar cells (OSC) feature a hierarchical structure with the electron donor/acceptor layer sandwiched by anode and cathode, which raises the importance of controlling the molecular crystal orientation, domain size, and vertical distribution to facilitate the charge collection at electrodes. However, the similar conjugated backbone of donor/a...
State-of-the-art n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from stability issues due to ionic interdiffusion. Herein, by enlarging indacenodithiophene -bridge donor (D’) to combine with methoxy triphenylamine donor (D) and benzothiadiazole acceptor (A), three linear molecules termed as L1, L2 and L3 with D-A-D’-A-D structure are developed as dopa...
Sn-based perovskites are promising thin-film photovoltaic materials for their ideal bandgap and the eco-friendliness of Sn, but the performance of Sn-based perovskite solar cells is hindered by the short carrier diffusion length and large defect density in nominally-synthesized Sn-based perovskite films. Herein we demonstrate that a long carrier di...
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Tuning the initial growth conditions of the low-temperature-InP (LT-InP) nucleation layer, we grew large-area InP laterally on SOI wafers using lateral aspect ratio trapping (LART) with high crystalline quality, on which small micro-lasers and large Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers with low lasing thresholds were demonstrated.
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We report sub-wavelength InP lasers selectively grown on (001) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. Detailed characterizations were performed to study the effect of different laser cavities. The sub-wavelength laser features a low lasing threshold of 120 μJ/cm ² and a spontaneous emission factor of around 0.7.
Tin-based halide perovskite materials are of interest for light-emitting applications due to their broad yellow emission, but they are known to exhibit inferior stability compared to the lead-based perovskites due...
![The supramolecular self‐assembly of CSPP and CB[8] in sodium halide...](publication/364256925/figure/fig1/AS:11431281245617412@1716188445494/The-supramolecular-self-assembly-of-CSPP-and-CB8-in-sodium-halide-solution-AChemical_Q320.jpg)
![Microcolumns assembled from CB[8] and NaBr in the absence or presence...](publication/364256925/figure/fig2/AS:11431281245617413@1716188445857/Microcolumns-assembled-from-CB8-and-NaBr-in-the-absence-or-presence-of-AIEgen-guest_Q320.jpg)
Due to the fast dynamics and re‐equilibration of supramolecular self‐assembly, bottom‐up molecular strategies to fabricate well‐defined and controllable multiblock structures are rare. Herein, we propose a new concept for fabrication of fluorescent multiblock microcolumns containing 1 to 7 blocks via hierarchical supramolecular self‐assembly based...
Central π‐core engineering of non‐fullerene small molecule acceptors (NF‐SMAs) is effective in boosting the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Especially, selenium (Se) functionalization of NF‐SMAs is considered a promising strategy but the structure‐performance relationship remains unclear. Here, we synthesize two isomeric alkylphenyl‐subs...
Due to the fast dynamics and re‐equilibration of supramolecular self‐assembly, the bottom‐up molecular strategy to fabricate well‐defined and controllable multiblock structures is still rare. Herein, we proposed a new concept for fabrication of fluorescent multiblock microcolumns from 1 to 7 blocks via hierarchical supramolecular self‐assembly base...
Low‐dimensional copper halides having nontoxic elements are attracting increasing attention for their peculiar emission properties. Self‐trapped excitons (STEs) account for their high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) with emission that can stretch across the entire visible spectrum. However, intrinsic factors that influence the formation or...
Kasha's rule, which states that all exciton emissions occur from the lowest excited state and are independent of excitation energy, makes high‐energy excitons difficult to use and severely hinders the widespread applications of organic photoluminescent materials in the real world. For decades, scientists have tried to break this rule to unleash the...
Central π‐core engineering of non‐fullerene small molecule acceptors (NF‐SMAs) is effective in boosting the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Especially, selenium (Se) functionalization of NF‐SMAs is considered a promising strategy but the structure‐performance relationship remain unclear. Here, we synthesize two isomeric alkylphenyl‐subst...
To achieve on-chip lasers for Si-photonics, monolithic integration using selective epitaxy is a favorable option due to the unique defect engineering and resultant bufferless structure. Among the intensively investigated selective epitaxy methods, lateral aspect ratio trapping generates III-V devices in the same plane as the Si layer enabling effic...
Organic radicals are unstable and stable radicals usually display non-luminescent properties. Luminescent radicals possess the all-in-one properties of optoelectronics, electronics, and magnetics. To date, the reported structures of luminescent radicals are limited to triphenylmethyl radical derivatives and their analogues, which are stabilized wit...
All-inorganic copper(I)-based metal halides have emerged as promising candidates for the replacement of lead perovskites because of their outstanding optical properties. However, the limited structure tunability prohibits their further exploration of properties including red photoluminescence (PL). Here, we report a series of red-emissive lead-free...
Three‐dimensional (3D) mixed halide perovskite‐based red emitters combine excellent charge transport characteristics with simple solution processing and good film formation; however, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on these emitters cannot yet outperform their nanocrystal counterparts. Here we explored the use of diammonium halides in regulating...
Integrating highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) function into light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) for multifunctional display is of great significance for compact low‐power electronics, but it remains challenging. Herein, it is demonstrated that solution engineered perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs, ≈100 nm) enable efficient electroluminescence (EL) and PV per...
High-performance indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPV) require large-bandgap material systems to absorb visible light efficiently and reduce energy loss. However, state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have absorptions in the near-infrared region and are thus not suitable for IOPV applications. Herein, we report a series of large-bandgap (>1...
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are known to be sensitive to the exposure to ambient humidity, which typically results in degradation and deterioration of performance, although positive effects of exposure to moisture have also been reported, due to recrystallization of the perovskite. To improve the PSCs stability, common approach is to use 3D/2D pe...
Non‐fullerene organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with small energetic offset between donor and acceptor can provide a much‐reduced voltage loss and power conversion efficiencies over 18%, challenging the previous understanding of the charge generation mechanisms. Here, we present a study on non‐fullerene OPVs with negative energetic offsets, by investiga...
Acoustic shockwaves are of interest as a possible means of the selective inactivation of viruses. It has been proposed that such inactivation may be enhanced by driving the virus particles at frequencies matching the characteristic frequency corresponding to acoustic modes of the viral structures, setting up a resonant response. Characteristic freq...
Electron donors and acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs) shall strike a favorable vertical phase separation that acceptors and donors have sufficient contact and gradient accumulation near the cathodes and anodes, respectively. Random mixing of donors/acceptors at surface will result in charge accumulation and severe recombination for low carrie...
From the past years, the most commonly reported state-of-the-art binary bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) are mostly based on mixtures of polymer donors and fullerene-free acceptors (polymer:NFA). However, along with it are a number of contradictory propositions, including (but not limited to) strategies to reduce energy loss and impro...
All-polymer solar cells (APSCs) are one of the most promising types of application-oriented photovoltaic technologies because they are operationally and mechanically stable; however, their low power conversion efficiency (PCE) restricts the core competitiveness against other types of solar cells. Besides, poor insight of mechanical performance, suc...
The hot-charge relaxation mechanisms remain contentious in lead halide perovskites, though regarded as frontrunners for future photovoltaics. A model uncovering the spectral and temporal band-edge evolution provides novel insights into many-body interplay and photo-bleaching shift.
![Figure 1 | Microcolumns assembled from CB[8] and NaBr in the absence or...](publication/357039837/figure/fig1/AS:1101094306492417@1639532748201/Microcolumns-assembled-from-CB8-and-NaBr-in-the-absence-or-presence-of-AIEgens-a_Q320.jpg)
Nature possesses a powerful ability to assemble multiple complex structures to fabricate hierarchical biological structures in a living-assembled way. However, it is still a huge challenge for artificial systems to fabricate and characterize hierarchical living assemblies with well-defined and controllable but complex structures. In this work, we p...
Integration of photovoltaic (PV) and electroluminescent (EL) functions and/or units in one device is attractive for new generation optoelectronic devices but it is challenging to achieve highly comprehensive efficiency. Herein, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated, assisted by 3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPM) additive to tack...
Laser processing of pure Cu is often challenging because of Cu's very low absorptivity to most laser beams, and this difficulty is applicable to the recently developed laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM). How to realize high‐quality LPBF forming is urgently pursued to maximize its advanced manufacturing potential in directly...
Ternary copper halides have garnered significant interest for their bright, high quantum yield emission stemming from the radiative decay of self‐trapped excitons (STEs). Cesium copper halides have shown promise for use in optoelectronics, including light‐emitting devices (LEDs) for lighting and displays. To date several synthetic procedures for Cs...
The deployment of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) necessitates an integration platform that is scalable, high-throughput, cost-effective, and power-efficient. Here we present a monolithic InP on SOI platform to synergize the advantages of two mainstream photonic integration platforms: Si photonics and InP photonics. This monolithic InP/SOI plat...
Selective laser melting is an additive manufacturing technique that can be used to achieve excellent forming of Cu alloys. Specifically, high‐Sn–Cu alloys (e.g., Cu–10Sn) offer good wear and corrosion resistance, and are extensively used in industrial applications. Although P is considered a beneficial element in Cu–Sn alloys, particularly with res...
Transient optical spectroscopy is used to quantify the temperature-dependence of charge separation and recombination dynamics in P3TEA:SF-PDI2 and PM6:Y6, two non-fullerene organic photovoltaic (OPV) systems with a negligible driving force and high photocurrent quantum yields. By tracking the intensity of the transient electroabsorption response th...
The performance of quasi‐2D perovskite light emitting diodes (LEDs) with mixed small cations, cesium and formamidinium (FA), is significantly affected by their ratio. The best devices obtained for Cs:FA ratio of 1:1 exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.1%, maximum luminance of 15 070 cd m⁻² and maximum current efficiency of 46....
The electroluminescence efficiency of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has gained notable achievements, but the poor stability under electric stress severely impedes future practical use. Here, an alkyldiammonium 1,4‐butanediamine (BDA) is incorporated into perovskite emitting layer, which substantially optimizes electrochemical stability...
Chemical modifications of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) play vital roles in the development of high efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, on the basis of the previously reported molecule named Y6‐1O, chlorination and inner side‐chain engineering are adopted to endow the corresponding devices with higher open‐circuit voltage (VOC) an...
In this work, we attempt to figure out alkoxy-substitution effects on two kinds of well-known non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), IDT-series and Y-series acceptors, by placing alkoxy side chains on the β-positions of the outer thiophene units. The resulting molecules, namedIDTN-OandY6-O, exhibit different properties compared to the original acceptors n...
In article number 2003071, Kam Sing Wong and co‐workers quantify electron‐phonon coupling strength using a simplified two‐temperature model in several hybrid lead halide perovskites. Also, the intricate competition of hot‐carrier cooling mechanisms between large polaron screening and hot‐phonon bottleneck effect are described by unveiling an S‐shap...
There is an urgent demand for all-polymer organic solar cells (AP-OSCs) to gain higher efficiency. Here, we successfully improve the performance to 16.09% by introducing a small amount of BN-T, a B←N-type polymer acceptor, into the PM6:PY-IT blend. It has been found that BN-T makes the active layer, based on the PM6:PY-IT:BN-T ternary blend, more c...
A solution‐processed top electrode is critical to unlock the full potential of all‐solution‐processed organic solar cells (OSCs) for practical applications. However, the enabled devices suffer from low efficiency (<12%) mainly because of the irreversible damages induced by the top‐electrode deposition process. Herein, a strategy of dry and nonimmer...
Organic solar cells based on nonfullerene acceptor molecules show high charge generation yields with negligible driving force at the donor–acceptor (D/A) interface to drive exciton dissociation. Understanding the underlying charge generation dynamics in these material systems is crucial for further development of this technology. Herein, the accept...
Current non-fullerene organic photovoltaics (OPVs) can achieve high photocurrent generation yields with small donor/acceptor energy offsets. However, the effect of varying energy offset on the charge dynamics in these systems is not fully understood. Here, we use optical spectroscopy to probe charge dynamics in three model non-fullerene systems wit...
The discovery of slow hot carrier cooling in hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites (HOIPs) has provided exciting prospects for efficient solar cells that can overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit. Questions still loom over how electron‐phonon interactions differ from traditional polar semiconductors. Herein, the electron‐phonon coupling (...
The cesium-lead halide perovskite nanoparticles are a promising class of luminescent materials for color and efficient displays. However, material stability is the key issue to solve before we can use these materials in modern displays. Encapsulation is one of the most efficient methods that can markedly improve the stability of perovskite nanopart...
The coupling of quasi‐2D perovskite layers is demonstrated by Kai Wang, Rui Chen, Wallace C. H. Choy, and co‐workers in article number 2005570. Their results show that a bifunctional ligand can simultaneously diminish the weak van der Waals gap and passivate perovskite defects for efficient energy transfer and radiative recombination. They fabricat...
Side-chain engineering has been shown to be an important strategy to optimize Y-series nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). Most previous reports were focusing on changing the branching positions and size of the alkyl side chains on Y6. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the orientation of side chains on the properties of NFAs and the perform...
Dion-Jacobson (DJ) perovskites have been demonstrated to be highly promising for improved lifetime and stability of solar cells, but their applications in light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been scarce. A...
Fatty liver disease (FLD) has become an increasing global health risk. However, an accurate diagnosis of FLD at an early stage remains a great challenge due to the lack of suitable imaging tools. To this end, we developed the fluorescent two-photon aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen ABCXF for high-contrast imaging of FLD tissue. ABCXF has...
Citations
... So far, many methods have been developed to reduce or passivate the defects in perovskites. Recrystallization is an effective method to reduce defects in perovskites [572][573][574]. For example, the CsPbBr 3 perovskite films are recrystallized by thermal imprint, producing continuous perovskite films with large grains and high crystallinity (Figure 31c) [572]. ...
... Recently, the anisotropic plasmonic nanomaterials and the associated metasurfaces has gathered tremendous interest in the vast field of nanophotonics on account of the programmable high-quality (high-Q) optical resonances. Such optical interfaces are used for augmenting the directional emission from the semiconductor quantum dots on account of practically attainable giant Purcel factors [143,144]. Moreover, the incorporation of different types of several two-dimensional materials (including WS 2 , MoSe 2 , MoS 2 , WSe 2 and TaS 2 ) and semi-metals (TaIrTe 4 and PtTe 2 ) in the SPCE platform with and without different low-and high-refractive-index nanomaterial-based nano-assemblies with AuNPs would result in uncommon optoelectronic applications [145][146][147][148][149]. ...
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... This involves patterning "windows" by lithography and etching to expose the III-V template layer (e.g., GaP or Ge) allowing selective growth tailored to the specific needs of the circuit or application. This advanced growth method has been employed to grow and process InGaAs/InP quantum well based lasers on silicon which emit in the telecom Cband [29]. Additionally, III-V heterostructure based high-speed and low dark current photodetectors have been realized in this way [30], demonstrating the high integration potential of SEG. ...
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... Polymers are desirable modification materials for the defect passivation and suppression the decomposition induced by humidity of perovskites [73][74][75]. Halpert and coworkers [76] reported a poly [(phenylglycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde] (PCF)-protected perovskites layer as the emitter for PeLEDs (Figure 3e). The ether in PCF could form hydrogen bond with methylammonium cation and replace halide vacancy via coordination bond to increase perovskite film quality. ...
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... The domain distribution of DJ-layered perovskites intensely impacts the optoelectronic properties due to the energy transfer between small-n and large-n phases. 7,15,22,23 The precursor compositions and processing circumstances usually lead to rich different defects in perovskite thin films because of the characteristic of the solution process and the rapid crystal crystallization of perovskite layers, contributing to nonradiative recombination. [24][25][26] The quasi-2D perovskites dominated with small-n phases or large-n phases are not suitable for laser emission, due to the strong electron-phonon interactions with band edge-to-trap process in small-n domains and the preferred Auger recombination caused by the concentrated local carrier density in large-n domains. ...
... Elevated temperatures can influence carrier mobility within the semiconductor, impacting charge transport efficiency. Moreover, increased thermal energy might accelerate carrier recombination rates, potentially diminishing solar cell efficiency [102]. The conductive band energy level at 300 K for the dye and PC 61 BM discontinuity (∆Ec) is 1.58 eV, the VB energy level discontinuity (∆Ev) at the same temperature is 1.30 eV, which means the PC 61 BM layer can actually be an electronic transfer tunnel when the energy bands bend downwards, decreasing the energy barrier from the conductive band of the photoactive layer (Figure 6a). ...
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... These include tin-based perovskites, bismuth-based perovskites, and double perovskites. Recently, researchers in Hong Kong and China developed a quasi-2D tin halide perovskite with an efficiency exceeding 14% [15]. It is also possible that the conversion efficiencies of tin-based PSCs can be improved significantly by the treatment of FASnI3 films with phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) [16]. ...
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... To overcome this issue, all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), which adopt polymers as both donors and acceptors (Fig. S1, ESI †), have become a recent hot topic in the OSC community due to their extra advantages of excellent light/thermal stability and robust mechanical toughness for commercial application. [13][14][15] Benefitting from the development of Y-series SMAs [16][17][18][19] and their derived polymerized-SMAs (Fig. S2, ESI †), [20][21][22][23][24] the PCEs of all-PSCs based on Y-series polymer acceptors have surpassed 17%. [25][26][27][28][29] Despite these advantages, the device performance of all-PSCs still trails behind those of their counterparts based on SMAs. ...
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... We collected ammonium salts from the literature that can be used as organic spacers for 2D PSCs, and to control the variables, we only changed the organic spacer cations, while the anions were all I-. Therefore, a total of 27 ammonium iodide salts were collected [28,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Before building the ML training model, we need to collect the factors that ammonium salts may affect as their feature descriptors. ...
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... Notably, g lum values of this film are larger than those of other reported chiral 2D perovskites (Figure 5e). [18,48,55,56] It is speculated that the enhanced CPL property is due to the asymmetric [MnBr 4 ] 2− units induced by hydrogen bonding interactions between chiral ligands and inorganic units. Moreover, Gua, as a passivator, can be attached to the surface of perovskite and modify any charged defects, thus promoting the crystallization process of perovskite film, reducing the non-radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs, and finally enhancing the strength of CPL by hydrogen bonding. ...
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