K. K. Shiu's research while affiliated with Hong Kong Baptist University and other places

... Although the use of liquid mercury in electroanalytical techniques, such as polarography [1][2][3][4] and voltammetry [5][6][7], has a justified tradition, the fear of mercury toxicity and related diseases [8] lead to the search for new electrode materials [9]. Conventional types of electrodes, such as a dropping mercury electrode and a hanging mercury drop electrode, can be successfully substituted by electrodes containing small amounts of liquid mercury or non-toxic mercury amalgams [10,11] (e.g., polished [12][13][14], mercury meniscus modified [12,13,15,16], mercury film modified [12,17], bismuth film modified [18,19], or carbon film modified silver solid amalgam electrodes [20][21][22], silver solid amalgam paste electrodes with an organic pasting liquid [23,24], silver amalgam paste electrodes [25,26], polished silver solid amalgam composite electrodes [27,28], single crystal amalgam electrodes [29,30], or renewable silver amalgam film electrodes [31,32]). Novel silver amalgam-based electrode materials combine unrivalled properties of mercury electrodes (broad cathodic potential window and relatively high sensitivity [33][34][35]) with requirements of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) (non-toxicity and environmental friendliness [36]). ...