Justin Pierel's research while affiliated with Space Telescope Science Institute and other places

... By now we accumulate thousands of such observations. However, we have just started to detect strongly lensed transients (namely 8 supernovae [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]), and we have not yet observed any lensed multi-messenger event. Finding lensed transients is the next frontier in gravitational lensing and a strongly lensed multi-messenger event would be an invaluable probe of general relativity as well as cosmology [11]. ...

... We measured PSF photometry from the 9-band NIR-Cam Epoch2-Epoch1/Epoch1-Epoch2 native pixel scale difference images. We adopt the PSF fitting method developed in Pierel et al. (2024b) for measuring photometry on Level 3 (i.e., drizzled mosaic) JWST images, because of the need to create difference images on drizzled data for maximum S/N and cosmic ray rejection. Drizzled images are created from individual dithered "CAL" exposures, and have been bias-subtracted, darksubtracted, flat-fielded, and corrected for geometric distortions. ...

... The connections between GRB and Supernovae have been documented several times. The cosmological distances of GRB made the observations of the related SN every difficult, because they can be immersed in the GRB optical afterglow, but some well documented cases exist [17]. ...

... However, recently TESSreduce has made searches like this possible (Ridden-Harper et al. 2021). Using TESSreduce, Roxburgh et al. (2024) identify a number of optical afterglows coincident with GRB triggers, serendipitously detected by TESS. ...

... There are only five SNe Ia with luminosity distance measurements in the range 1.6 < z < 2.22, with two gravitationally lensed (Jones et al. 2013;Rubin et al. 2018) and three photometrically classified (Rodney et al. 2014). Two additional spectroscopically confirmed, gravitationally lensed SNe Ia have been found at z = 1.78 (Polletta et al. 2023;Chen et al. 2024;Frye et al. 2024;Pascale et al. 2024;Pierel et al. 2024b) and z = 1.95 (Pierel et al. 2024c) but they lack luminosity distance measurements. Detecting SNe Ia at z > 2 requires deep (m AB ≳ 26) imaging observations in red (≳ 1.5µm) filters, while spectroscopic confirmation of SNe Ia at z > 2 requires similar depths at wavelengths beyond ∼ 2µm to identify the characteristic SiII feature (e.g., Filippenko 1997). ...

... Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are the explosive deaths of massive stars (with M *  8 M e ; Woosley et al. 2002). Hydrogen-rich CCSNe, classified as Type II SNe (SNe II) comprise ∼70% of the observed CCSN population (e.g., Li et al. 2011;Aleo et al. 2023;Tinyanont et al. 2024). SNe II make up the vast majority (Van Dyk 2017) of preexplosion progenitor detections via serendipitous imaging, e.g., SN 2003gd (Hendry et al. 2005), SN 2013ej , SN 2017aew (Kilpatrick & Foley 2018), and SN 2022acko ). ...

... Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. envelope of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star (Khokhlov et al. 1993;Hoeflich et al. 1996;Livio & Riess 2003;Quimby et al. 2007;Kashi & Soker 2011;Hsiao et al. 2020;Lu et al. 2021), and the violent merger of two sub-M Ch WDs (Dimitriadis et al. 2022;Siebert et al. 2023;Srivastav et al. 2023). These potential avenues account for the excess luminosity and relatively low velocity of these objects by interaction with the AGB star envelope or C/O-rich circumstellar material (CSM) from the disrupted smaller WD, respectively. ...

... In the local Universe, the correlation between stellar mass and oxygen abundance has been defined with a scatter of only 0.1 dex in log(O/H) (e.g., Tremonti et al. 2004) and extends for over five orders of magnitude in stellar mass, from ★ = 10 6 − 10 11 ⊙ (Lee et al. 2006;Berg et al. 2012). The stellar mass-Z gas relation has been observed out to ∼ 10, and evolves such that O/H decreases with increasing redshift at fixed stellar mass (Mannucci et al. 2010;Steidel et al. 2014;Troncoso et al. 2014;Sanders et al. 2015Sanders et al. , 2020Hunt et al. 2016;Onodera et al. 2016;Suzuki et al. 2017;Langeroodi et al. 2022;Nakajima et al. 2023). Up to ∼ 2.5, literature studies agree in finding a slow evolution of the MZR g , with O/H ∼ 0.3 dex lower than at ∼ 0 at a fixed stellar mass (e.g., Erb et al. 2006b;Steidel et al. 2014;Sanders et al. 2015). ...

... Although supernovae (SNe) are important contributors to the chemical evolution of the universe over cosmic time, their relative net contribution to dust production in the early universe is still debated. While extant studies of SNe have shown that these events are prodigious sources for dust production (e.g., Matsuura et al. 2011;Niculescu-Duvaz et al. 2022;Shahbandeh et al. 2023), they have found that their ability to also destroy dust is similarly (and potentially equally) proficient (e.g., Gall & Hjorth 2018;Slavin et al. 2020;Kirchschlager et al. 2023). Assessing the effects of SNe on their host galaxies, and understanding how their dust production and destruction processes occurs over months to years, requires time-series observations at a high angular resolution to build realistic models. ...

... Nicolas et al. 2021 and Ginolin et al.). This is in agreement with the results of Jones et al. (2023), which found limited evidence for photometric variation in SN Ia explainable with host-galaxy properties. ...