Jun Kawamata's research while affiliated with Kitasato University and other places

... [15] More recently, a randomized clinical trial in Japan showed that ultrahigh-dose methylcobalamin was safe and efficacious in slowing functional decline in patients with ALS. [16] Methylcobalamin is an active form of Vitamin B12, a water-soluble compound that plays a key role in the normal functioning of the nervous system. [17] A deficiency of Vitamin B12 is associated with conditions affecting the central nervous system, such as subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. ...

... A significantly higher proportion of Eculizumab-treated patients attained minimal symptom expression (defined as MG-ADL of 0-1 or MG-QoL15 score of 0-3) at week 26 of REGAIN [78]. In addition, Eculizumab has been shown to be beneficial in patients who were previously receiving chronic IVIg [79], Rituximab [80] or were ventilator-dependent [81]. ...

... About 70% embryos (morula/(morula + blastocyst)) are still at morula stage at 4.5 days after fertilization in aged groups, while in the fresh and luteolin-treated groups most were at the blastocyst stage ( Figure 1A; Supplementary Table S2). Incubation with 5 μM luteolin gave the highest percentage of blastocysts in the treated groups, and the difference with the aged groups was significantly (61.06 ± 3.62% vs. 35 SIRT1 controls the development potential of embryos SIRT1 has anticancer and can enhance longevity, and it is effective in preventing postovulatory oocyte aging (3,25). Luteolin is contained in many fruits and vegetables, where it acts to prevent oxidative stress and it appears to be an activator of SIRT1 (32). ...

... The main consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS accumulation, and increased oxidative stress are main factors involved in AD pathogenesis. Several studies showed that MSCs may promote microglia and autophagy-mediated clearance of protein aggregates as Aβ [187][188][189]. MSCs can protect neurons from cell death by secretion of some neuroprotective factors or by MT [52,190,191]. ...

... Rivastigmine is one of the approved agent for the management of dementia of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. this medicine is the only cholinesterase inhibitor which inhibits both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes in the brain [60,61]. This molecule also has a short half-life and a hydrophilic nature, which makes it difficult for the medicine to pass through the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) which results to low bioavailability of the drug [62]. ...

... More recently, a study using a mouse microglial cell line treated with fibrillar Aβ 1-42 found that clathrin colocalized with internalized Aβ 42 and that inhibition of CME resulted in 80% reduction of Aβ 1-42 uptake (Fujikura et al., 2019), further supporting the hypothesis that CME is involved in microglial Aβ uptake. Additionally, in another mouse microglia cell line, a novel form of endocytosis has been described, autophagy protein Light Chain 3 (LC3)-associated endocytosis (LANDO) (Heckmann et al., 2019). ...

... The mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQ and MitoTEMPO have been successfully used to improve some disease phenotypes of cardiovascular disease [21,27,[30][31][32], inflammation [22,23], neurodegenerative disorders [33][34][35][36][37], and diabetes [38,39]. Thus, testing these compounds in other ROS-related disorders such as cancer is highly relevant, particularly as mitochondria-associated ROS are known to stimulate cell proliferation and tumor progression. ...

... El segundo caso tiene como protagonista a una mujer de 30 años que cayó al suelo con imposibilidad de levantarse tras usar el lector de código de barras, también sufrió de alteraciones de la conciencia. Ambas pacientes tuvieron una recuperación completa después de aproximadamente 30 minutos (Toyama et al., 2018). ...

... The α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a heteromeric neuronal-subtype receptor that has been correlated with a diverse array of neurological disorders that include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and substance abuse. [1][2][3][4][5] Consequently, considerable effort has gone into the development and optimization of clinical imaging methods that map in vivo α4β2 nicotinic receptor expression, especially via positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). [6][7][8] To this end, a number of nAChR agonist-based imaging agents have been synthesized and evaluated, though systemic toxicity issues and slow binding kinetics have precluded most for clinical application. ...

... Yokokawa et al. transplanted 3 × 10 5 BM-MSCs into APP/PS1 transgenic mice via the tail vein. A reduction in Aβ deposition was observed in the mouse brain following treatment with MSCs compared to the control group [47]. EPR imaging revealed a shift in the redox status of mouse brains upon MSC treatment. ...