Juan Manuel Encinas's research while affiliated with Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and other places
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Publications (30)
Embryonic development is a complex and dynamic process that unfolds over time and involves the production and diversification of increasing numbers of cells. The impact of developmental time on the formation of the central nervous system is well-documented, with evidence showing that time plays a critical role in establishing the identity of neuron...
The amniote pallium contains sensory circuits structurally and functionally equivalent, yet their evolutionary relationship remains unresolved. Our study employs birthdating analysis, single-cell RNA and spatial transcriptomics, and mathematical modeling to compare the development and evolution of known pallial circuits across birds (chick), lizard...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. TBI can lead to a wide range of physical and cognitive impairments. It is also known to impact on neuronal excitability and synaptic functions. Although hippocampal impairments have been widely described following TBI, the s...
Lifelong hippocampal neurogenesis is maintained by a pool of multipotent adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) residing in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG). The mechanisms guiding transition of NSCs from the developmental to the adult state remain unclear. We show here, by using nestin-based reporter mice deficient for cyclin D2, that the a...
Embryonic development is a complex and dynamic process that unfolds over time and involves the production of increasing numbers of cells, as well as the diversification of different cell types. The impact of developmental time on the formation of the central nervous system is well-documented, with evidence showing that time plays a critical role in...
In response to prolonged depolarizing current steps, different classes of neurons display specific firing characteristics (i.e. excitability class), such as a regular train of action potentials with more or less adaptation, delayed responses, or bursting. In general, one or more specific ionic transmembrane currents underlie the different firing pa...
In the hippocampus, lifelong neurogenesis is maintained by a pool of multipotent adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) residing in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG). Yet, the mechanisms guiding the transition of NSCs from developmental to adult remain unclear. By using nestin-reporter mice deficient for D2, a cyclin expressed mainly postnata...
En el presente artículo se presentarán los avances realizados de los diferentes ensayos de laboratorio para muestras de carbón depurado, sin depurar, y de las piletas de lodos con el objetivo de la caracterización de las muestras según sus parámetros químicos, humedad, cenizas y poder calorífico para muestras puras, aglomerantes y muestras con el a...
The hippocampus encodes spatial and contextual information involved in memory and learning. The incorporation of new neurons into hippocampal networks increases neuroplasticity and enhances hippocampal-dependent learning performances. Only few studies have described hippocampal abnormalities after spinal cord injury (SCI) although cognitive deficit...
Hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurogenesis decline sharply with age, though a small population remains. Two articles in this issue of Cell Stem Cell by Ibrayeva et al. (2021) and Harris et al. (2021) indicate the presence of subpopulations of NSCs whose dynamics of activation and self-renewal change over time and may be key to NSC preser...
The invention is directed to a serum-free culture medium which allows the differentiation of dental stem cells to endothelial cells. The methods provided by the present invention may involve the formation of dentospheres (i.e. cellular aggregates containing endothelial cells derived from dental stem cells). Accordingly, also methods for generating...
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00811.].
A population of neural stem cells (NSCs) dwelling in the dentate gyrus (DG) is able to generate neurons throughout adult life in the hippocampus of most mammals. These NSCs generate also astrocytes naturally and are capable of generating oligodendrocytes after gene manipulation. It has been more recently shown that adult hippocampal NSCs after epil...
Hippocampal neurogenesis, the process by which neural stem cells (NSCs) continuously generate new neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of most mammals including humans, is chiefly regulated by neuronal activity. Thus, severe alterations have been found in samples from epilepsy patients and in the hippocampal neurogenic niche in mouse models of epileps...
Adult neurogenesis persists in the adult hippocampus due to the presence of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs). Hippocampal neurogenesis is involved in a range of cognitive functions and is tightly regulated by neuronal activity. NSCs respond promptly to physiological and pathological stimuli altering their neurogenic and gliogenic potential. In...
Background/aims:
Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) are one of the most promising types of cells to regenerate nerve tissues. Standard DMEM+10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) culture medium allows a fast expansion of hDPSC as a surface-adherent cell monolayer. However, the use of FBS also compromises the clinical use of these protocols, and its longt...
Adult neurogenesis persists in the hippocampus of most mammal species during postnatal and adult life, including humans, although it declines markedly with age. The mechanisms driving the age‐dependent decline of hippocampal neurogenesis are yet not fully understood. The progressive loss of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a main factor, but the true ne...
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have the capacity to give rise to cells with neuronal-like phenotypes, suggesting their use in brain cell therapies. In the present work, we wanted to address the phenotypic fate of adult genetically unmodified human DPSCs cultured in NeurocultTM (Stem Cell Technologies), a cell culture medium without serum which can...
Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) have a demonstrated capacity to acquire neuronal-like phenotypes, suggesting their use in brain cell therapies. In the present work, we wanted to address the phenotypic fate of adult DPSCs cultured in Neurocult media (Stem Cell Technologies), a cell culture medium without serum routinely used for the expansion of adul...
The neocortex (NCx) generates at the dorsal region of the pallium in the forebrain. Several adjacent structures also contribute with neurons to NCx. Ventral pallium (VP) is considered to generate several populations of neurons that arrive through tangential migration to the NCx. Amongst them are the Cajal-Retzius cells and some transient pyramidal...
Several neuronal populations orchestrate neocortical development during mammalian embryogenesis. These include the glutamatergic subplate-, Cajal-Retzius-, and ventral pallium-derived populations, which coordinate cortical wiring, migration, and proliferation, respectively. These transient populations are primarily derived from other non-cortical p...
Hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) integrate inputs from multiple sources to balance quiescence and activation. Notch signaling plays a key role during this process. Here, we report that Lunatic fringe (Lfng), a key modifier of the Notch receptor, is selectively expressed in NSCs. Further, Lfng in NSCs and Notch ligands Delta1 and Jagged1, expres...
Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) offer a unique opportunity for neural regeneration and niche modification in physiopathological conditions, harnessing the capability to modify from neuronal circuits to glial scar. Findings exposing the vast plasticity and potential of NSPCs have accumulated over the past years and we currently know t...
A major risk factor for depression in vulnerable individuals is exposure to stress during critical periods. Stress affects mood and cognition and is also one of the best known inhibitors of adult neurogenesis that has been associated with hippocampal changes and atrophy, common findings in major depression (models). While the effects of acute or mi...
Thirteen years have passed since the neurogenic hypothesis of depression was postulated. One of its aspects, that decreased neurogenesis could be causative of the onset of depression has been difficult to prove. Another aspect, the prediction that increasing neurogenesis would not only be supportive but also required to produce clinical results by...
Citations
... Our results are reinforced by recent studies indicating that autophagy is required for the acquisition and maintenance of NSC quiescence in the first postnatal weeks [7] and by CcnD2 mutant analysis, which suggest that P14 NSCs are in a transition from developmental to adult NSC state [40]. The absence of cyclin D2 does not affect normal development of the DG until birth but prevents postnatal formation of adult NSCs which are born on-site from precursors located in the DG shortly after birth. ...
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... Subpopulations of quiescent RGLs with different probability of division asynchronously decline [44] or considerably diverge in terms of deepening in quiescence with age [43]. Such aging-related divergence of functional features of quiescent RGLs may preserve the RGL pool for supporting the AHN over a lifespan [66]. Data obtained in this study together with our results reported earlier [47] demonstrate that strong AHN inducers, memantine and ECS, activate proliferation in the DG via recruitment of quiescent RGLs in the young adult brain while acting differentially on proliferation of quiescent RGLs in the aging brain. ...
... Signal transduction via LPARs can control various cellular functions such as cell mobility, cell migration, neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, and angiogenesis in healthy and pathological status of nervous systems [6]. LPAR1 specifically labels seizure-induced hippocampal reactive neural stem cells and regulates their division [7]. Mouse lacking LPA1 shows defects in cortical layer width, reduced proliferation, and neurogenesis in adult dentate gyrus [8,9]. ...
... Thus, we decided to quantify phagocytosis in Nestin-GFP mice, where GFP is expressed in NSCs although not specifically (Mignone et al. 2004). In these mice, NSCs and react-NSCs can be easily recognized using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, due to their co-expression of GFP and GFAP, radial glia morphology, and lack of S100β (Valcárcel-Martín et al. 2020). Thus, we induced our model of MTLE in Nestin-GFP mice, and waited until 3dpPBS/KA. ...
... Previous studies have demonstrated upregulation of GFAP in the hippocampus of DS mouse models (34,35). We quantified GFAP expression in samples spanning the CNS from the prefrontal cortex to the lumbar spinal cord. ...
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... Additionally, adult neurons have a lower capability for regeneration compared to precursor cells. The hostile environment created by the spinal injury hinders the regrowth of neurons due to inflammation and the activation of glial cells [78,164,193]. The favorable synchronization of internal neuronal regeneration ability and coordination and the unlocking of many extrinsic components are thus necessary for the renovation of brain function post-SCI (Fig. 1). ...
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... Moreover, react-NSCs differentiate into reactive astrocytes, a cellular type linked to astrogliosis which is one of the hallmarks of MTLE (Sierra et al. 2015). Importantly, this conversion to react-NSCs happens in two different models of KA administration (intra-hippocampal and intraamygdalar), demonstrating that react-NSCs arise due to neuronal hyperactivity and not to a local effect of KA (Sierra et al. 2015;Muro-García et al. 2019). Importantly, react-NSCs have also been found to arise in other pathological conditions such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), thus proving that these type of cells are not specific of MTLE models. ...
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... Several Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences frontiersin.org neural markers can be expressed in non-differentiated DPSCs, such as musashi12, nestin, MAP2ab, βIII-tubulin, N-tubulin, and neurogenin-2 (Kawashima, 2012;Luzuriaga et al., 2019a). Thus, DPSCs have been promoted as potential candidates for damaged neuron replacements. ...
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... Studies have shown that NSCs can provide nourishment to damaged cells and regulate immune and metabolic pathways through a bystander effect. [37][38][39] These NSCs are initially obtained from the telencephalon and diencephalon of human fetal brains after selective pregnancy terminations between 10 and 12 weeks postconception. 40 Before transplantation into patients, the NSCs undergo in vitro expansion, quality control, and safety assessments at different dosage levels. ...
... Other cytokines whose synthesis by dental pulp cells is triggered by pathogenic bacteria include IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1 [116,117]. In addition to the odontoblasts, the dendritic cells, and the fibroblasts, the dental pulp is populated by stem cells (dental pulp stem cells, DPSCs): these are characterized by a high replicative index and by their capability of differentiating into a wide variety of cell types, which include odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neural cells, and endothelial cells [118][119][120][121][122]. DPSCs carry out reactive, defensive, and regenerative actions that are mediated by the molecules these stem cells produce [123]. ...
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