Jin-Ming Liu's research while affiliated with East China Normal University and other places

Objective Pulmonary hypertension is a severe complication of bronchiectasis, characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and subsequent right heart failure. The association between PVR and mortality in bronchiectasis-associated pulmonary hypertension has not been investigated previously. Methods In the present study, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 139 consecutive patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis-associated pulmonary hypertension based on right heart catheterization, enrolled between January 2010 and June 2023. Baseline clinical characteristics and hemodynamic assessment were analyzed. The survival time for each patient was calculated in months from the date of diagnosis until the date of death or, if the patient was still alive, until their last visit. Results Patients with bronchiectasis-associated pulmonary hypertension exhibited estimated survival rates of 89.5, 70, and 52.9 at 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year intervals respectively, with a median survival time of 67 months. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that increased age [(adjusted hazard ratio per year 1.042, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.008–1.076, P = 0.015] and elevated PVR (adjusted HR per 1 Wood Units 1.115, 95% CI 1.015–1.224, P = 0.023) were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. In contrast, higher BMI was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio per 1 kg/m ² 0.915, 95% CI 0.856–0.979, P = 0.009). Receiver-operating characteristic analyses identified a cutoff value for PVR at 4 Wood Units as predictive for all-cause death within 3 years [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.624; specificity= 87.5%; sensitivity= 35.8%; P < 0.05]. Patients with a PVR greater than 4 Wood Units had a significantly higher risk of all-cause death compared with those with 4 Wood Units or less (adjusted hazard ratio 2.392; 95% CI 1.316–4.349; P = 0.019). Notably, there were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, WHO functional class, 6-min walk distance, and NT-proBNP levels at baseline between patients categorized as having 4 Wood Units or less or greater than 4 Wood Units for PVR. Conclusion Based on these data, PVR could serve as a discriminative marker for distinguishing between nonsevere pulmonary hypertension (PVR ≤ 4 Wood Units) and severe pulmonary hypertension (PVR > 4 Wood Units). The utilization of a PVR cutoff value of 4.0 Wood Units provides enhanced prognostic capabilities for predicting mortality.

Background and Aims Sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) and nocturnal hypoxemia were known to be present in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), but the difference between SDB and nocturnal hypoxemia in patients who have chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) with or without pulmonary hypertension (PH) at rest remains unknown. Methods Patients who had CTEPH ( n = 80) or CTEPD without PH ( n = 40) and who had undergone sleep studies from July 2020 to October 2022 at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital were enrolled. Nocturnal mean SpO 2 (Mean SpO 2 ) <90% was defined as nocturnal hypoxemia, and the percentage of time with a saturation below 90% (T90%) exceeding 10% was used to evaluate the severity of nocturnal hypoxemia. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the difference and potential predictor of SDB or nocturnal hypoxemia between CTEPH and CTEPD without PH. Results SDB was similarly prevalent in CTEPH and CTEPD without PH ( P = 0.104), both characterised by obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Twenty‐two patients with CTEPH were diagnosed with nocturnal hypoxemia, whereas only three were diagnosed with CTEPD without PH ( P = 0.021). T90% was positively associated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with CTEPH and CTEPD without PH ( P < 0.001); T90% was also negatively related to cardiac output in these patients. Single‐breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, sex and mPAP were all correlated with nocturnal hypoxemia in CTEPH and CTEPD without PH (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Nocturnal hypoxemia was worse in CTEPD with PH; T90%, but not SDB, was independently correlated with the hemodynamics in CTEPD with or without PH.

Quantum walks are the quantum counterpart of classical random walks and have various applications in quantum information science. Polar molecules have rich internal energy structure and long coherence time and thus are considered as a promising candidate for quantum information processing. In this paper, we propose a theoretical scheme for implementing discrete-time quantum walks on a circle with dipole–dipole coupled SrO molecules. The states of the walker and the coin are encoded in the pendular states of polar molecules induced by an external electric field. We design the optimal microwave pulses for implementing quantum walks on a four-node circle and a three-node circle by multi-target optimal control theory. To reduce the accumulation of decoherence and improve the fidelity, we successfully realize a step of quantum walk with only one optimal pulse. Moreover, we also encode the walker into a three-level molecular qutrit and a four-level molecular ququart and design the corresponding optimal pulses for quantum walks, which can reduce the number of molecules used. It is found that all the quantum walks on a circle in our scheme can be achieved via optimal control fields with high fidelities. Our results could shed some light on the implementation of discrete-time quantum walks and high-dimensional quantum information processing with polar molecules.

In recent years, supervised and semisupervised machine learning methods such as neural networks, support vector machines (SVMs), and semisupervised support vector machines (S4VMs) have been widely used in quantum entanglement and quantum steering verification problems. However, few studies have focused on detecting genuine multipartite entanglement based on machine learning. Here, we investigate supervised and semisupervised machine learning for detecting genuine multipartite entanglement of three-qubit states. We randomly generate three-qubit density matrices and train an SVM for the detection of genuine multipartite entangled states. Moreover, we improve the S4VM training method, which optimizes the grouping of prediction samples and then performs iterative predictions. Through numerical simulation, it is confirmed that this method can significantly improve the prediction accuracy.

Theoretical schemes for the implementation of the Grover search algorithm are proposed based on ultracold polar molecules in an electric field. The molecular qubits and qudit are chosen as the field‐dressed states formed by the rotational modes of CH3CN. With the help of multi‐target optimal control theory, the microwave pulses for the elementary logic operations including the one‐qubit Hadamard gates and the conditional phase gates in a dipole‐dipole system are designed and the factorized Grover algorithm demonstrated using two coupled CH3CN molecules. To reduce the accumulation of imprecision and decoherence resulting from the combination of multiple elementary gates, the optimal pulses that can achieve the two‐qubit Hadamard gate and diffusion operation in one step are designed successfully. In this way, the probabilities to find the states corresponding to the desired elements in an unsorted database are enhanced to some extent. Moreover, the optimal pulse sequence suitable for a four‐level molecular qudit, which can be used to simulate the quantum search on a single CH3CN molecule with high fidelity, is designed. These results can shed some light on the physical realization of quantum computing based on ultracold polyatomic molecules.

Background Although sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and nocturnal hypoxemia were known to be present in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), the difference of SDB and nocturnal hypoxemia between patients who have chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) with or without pulmonary hypertension (PH) at rest remain unknown. Methods Patients who had CTEPH (n = 80) or CTEPD without PH (n = 40) underwent sleep studies from July 2020 to October 2022 at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital were enrolled. Nocturnal mean SpO2 (Mean SpO2) < 90% was defined as nocturnal hypoxemia, the percentage of time with a saturation below 90% (T90%) exceeding 10% was used to evaluate the severity of nocturnal hypoxemia. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the difference and potential predictor of SDB or nocturnal hypoxemia between CTEPH and CTEPD without PH. Results SDB was similarly prevalent in CTEPH and CTEPD without PH (p = 0.104), both characterized by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Twenty-two CTEPH patients were diagnosed with nocturnal hypoxemia, whereas only three were diagnosed in CTEPD without PH (p = 0.021). T90% was positively associated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with CTEPH and CTEPD without PH (p < 0.001); T90% was also negatively related with CO in these patients. Single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, sex and mPAP were all correlated with nocturnal hypoxemia in CTEPH and CTEPD without PH (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Nocturnal hypoxemia was worse in CTEPD with PH; T90%, but not SDB, was independently correlated with the hemodynamics in CTEPD with or without PH.