Jiangli Pang's research while affiliated with Shaanxi Normal University and other places

Publications (78)

Article
The inland arid region of Asia is an environmental system closely related to the Asian monsoon region, and its formation and evolution are closely related to factors such as uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, disappearance of the Tethys Sea, and global cooling. Elucidating the aridification process and trends has notable theoretical and practical signi...
Article
Through extensive field investigation in the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, a typical sedimentary profile was found on the front scarp of the second terrace of Maqu reach of the Yellow River at the outlet of the Zoige Basin. This profile contains the stratigraphic sequence of paleolake facies and paleo-riverbed floodplain facies. Field...
Article
This paper provides an important archive of the largest paleoflood event along the Gold Gorge of the upper Hanjiang River, with a review of regional extraordinary flood magnitudes using historical, gauged, and paleoflood datasets. Paleoflood slackwater deposit (SWD) was identified using the sedimentological criteria and high-resolution physicochemi...
Article
Micromorphological investigations of loess-paleosol sequence offer the potential for understanding pedogenic and paleoclimate change at the microscopic scale. However, the micromorphological study is comparatively scarce in the south Qinling Mountains, China. Here, micromorphological analysis (coarse particles, pedofeatures and voids) in conjunctio...
Article
Global change induced regional environmental variation and related catastrophic surface processes have greatly affected human life and social development during the last decades. These occurrences have also been highlighted by pre-historical catastrophes exposed by archaeological excavation in the Lajia Ruins at the northeast margin of the Tibetan...
Article
The Danjiang River, a major tributary of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, is famed for the current national South-to-North Water Diversion project. Palaeohydrological investigations were carried out in the Danjiang River valley. A set of palaeoflood slackwater deposit (SWD) beds was identified embedded in Holocene loess soil sequences within riverbank cl...
Article
Loess-like sediments are widely distributed in the northern subtropics of China, stretching beyond the traditional boundary of typical loess. Compared with well-researched typical loess, loess-like sediments are much less studied and their origin (eolian or fluvial) and movement pathways under evolving environments remain unclear. Micromorphology o...
Article
A detailed field study was conducted on the palaeoflood deposit profile in the Baoji–Tianshui Gorge in the upper Weihe River. The sequence of palaeoflood events was established through field observation and grain size analysis with chronological supports from Optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates and from archaeologically-constrained age fram...
Article
During our field investigations, a Holocene aeolian loess-soil profile containing three units of palaeo-mudflow deposits is identified in Tianshui basin of the western Loess Plateau, China. Through field observation and the analysis of particle-size characteristics, three palaeo-mudflow deposit layers are differentiated from the interbedding aeolia...
Article
Extreme flooding magnitudes and frequencies are essentially related to assessment of risk and reliability in hydrological design. Extreme flooding and its discharge are highly sensitive to regional climate change. Presently, its discharge can be reconstructed by a geological archive or record along the river valley. Two units of typical extreme flo...
Article
The transitional pedogenic characteristics of loess deposits in the Yunxian Basin have provided solid evidence for understanding the mechanisms of dust transportation, deposition, and detailed documentation of climate instability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the northern subtropics of China. The Heinrich Stadial 1b (HS 1b, 16.9–14.7 ka B...
Article
Full-text available
The Lajia Ruins is a large Neolithic settlement of the Qijia Culture that is dated to 4200–3950 bp within the Guanting Basin along the upper Yellow River. Archaeological excavations have exposed extraordinary pictures of prehistoric catastrophes that ruined this settlement and caused great loss of human life. The causation of the prehistoric catast...
Article
Palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWDs) along the river banks have important implications for the reconstruction of the past hydro-climatic events. Two palaeoflood SWD beds were identified in the Holocene loess-soil sequences on the cliff river banks along the Gold Gorge of the upper Hanjiang River by field investigation and laboratory analysis. The...
Article
Aeolian deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) provide a detailed archive for reconstructing the pedogenic intensity as well as the East Asian monsoon climate change. However, study on the loess in the upper Hanjiang River valley, south of Qinling Mountains has seldom been comprehensively reported. Located at the transition zone between temper...
Article
Wu et al. (Reports, 5 August 2016, p. 579) reported an enormous flood in the upper Yellow River that destroyed the Lajia Ruins. However, published research shows that the Ruins were destroyed at 3950 years before the present (B.P.) by earthquakes accompanied with mudflows, whereas the landslide-dammed lake terminated about 5650 years B.P. Various k...
Article
This paper aims to compare the geochemical characteristics of loess-paleosol sequences in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang and Weihe river valleys, which are located in the semi-humid temperate zone and humid subtropical zone, respectively. The Mituosi (MTS) profile in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River valley and the Yaohecun (YHC) profile i...
Article
Water depth above the flood deposits has not been taken into account in calculations of the palaeoflood peak stages, which only provide a minimum estimate of palaeoflood stage. Here we present a new method, slackwater flow depth, to assess palaeoflood peak stage and to reduce the underestimation of palaeoflood stage. Palaeoflood slackwater deposits...
Article
Paleoflood investigations were carried out on the first river terrace along the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, a major tributary of the Yangtze River in China. Several bedsets of paleoflood slackwater deposit (SWD) were found within the eolian loess-soil profiles in the Yunxi Reach of the upper Hanjiang River. The pedo-stratigraphic sequences...
Article
Well-dated long-term flood data series is very important in studying of hydrological response to past climatic change along the mainstream of the Yangtze River. Five palaeoflood events recorded by slackwater deposits were identified by the sedimentological criteria and analytical results. A detailed chronological framework of palaeoflood events dur...
Article
Palaeo–hydrological and sedimentary investigations were carried out in the Longmenxia Gorge of the middle Yihe River. Five bedsets of flood slackwater deposits (SWD) were found interbedded into Holocene aeolian loess–soil profiles in the river bank at the Longmenxia site. They were identified as the deposits of the suspended sediment load during th...
Article
Palaeo-earthquake event recorded by loess rapture fissures (N30°–40°W and N40°–50°E trending) and palaeo-mudflow event recorded by red clay deposits were identified at the Machangyuan Ruins in the Huangshui River valley, at the foot of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Comparative analysis of grain-size distributions and geochemical elements of loc...
Article
This paper reports an investigation into palaeoflooding along the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River valley, China. Based on the sedimentary evidence of the palaeohydrological regime, two bedsets of palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWDs) were identified interbedded within the Holocene loess–soil sequence along the riverbanks of the Ankang east rea...
Article
Full-text available
A set of paleoflood slack water deposit (SWD) beds was identified within slope clasts at the Jinpingcun (JPC) site in the Jingyuan–Jingtai reaches of the upper Yellow River gorges based on sedimentary criteria and analytical results. Paleoflood hydrology methods were applied to reconstruct paleoflood events in the Jingyuan–Jingtai reaches. The pale...
Article
Palaeohydrological investigations were carried out in the Guchuan Basin in the upper reaches of the Weihe River valley, China. A set of palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWDs) was found interbedded in the Holocene loess-paleosol sequence at the Guchuanzhen site (GCZ). These palaeoflood SWDs were studied by field observations and laboratory analyses...
Article
Slackwater palaeoflood deposits (SWDs) were identified in a bedrock gorge in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River of central China. The Hanjiang River is the longest tributary of the Yangtze River, one of the most flood-prone rivers in China, and the main source of water for the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP). Three main loess-soi...
Article
Palaeoflood events recorded by slackwater deposits (SWDs) were investigated extensively by sedimentological criteria of palaeohydrology along the upper Hanjiang River valley. Modern flood SWDs were collected for comparison with palaeoflood SWD in the same reaches. Three typical palaeoflood SWDs were observed within Holocene loess-soil blanket on th...
Article
Full-text available
Frequent natural hazards cause huge damage to human life and society in the mountainous regions along the eastern rim of the Tibetan Plateau. A massive landslide damming event has been reported in the Jishixia Gorge on the upper Yellow River as it emerges from the NE Tibetan Plateau. It was speculated that a breach of the dammed lake might have res...
Article
A paleo-hydrological study was carried out along the upper-reach gorges of the Hanjiang River that drains from the Qinling and Dabashan Mountains. Two bedsets of paleoflood slackwater deposits were found embedded in Holocene loess soil sequences within riverbank cliffs. All of these were studied by field observations and laboratory analyses, includ...
Article
Paleoflood slackwater deposits (SWDs) of the Holocene were found at many sites along the Jin–Shaan Gorges in the middle Yellow River basin. A set of four paleoflood SWD beds was identified at the Pingduguan (PDG) sites and studied by field observations and laboratory analysis including particle-size distribution and Optically Stimulated Luminescenc...
Article
Full-text available
Holocene slackwater deposits along the river channels were used to study the magnitude and frequency of the palaeofloods that occurred prior to gauged and historical data sets all over the world. Palaeohydrological investigations along the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge of the middle Yellow River, China, identified palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWDs) at s...
Article
Through investigation in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River, China, an aeolian loess-soil profile with four palaeoflood slackwater deposit (SWD) interbeds was found on the cliffed riverbanks in Yunxian county reach of Hubei province. Based on field observation, and laboratory analysis including magnetic susceptibility and particle-size distributio...
Article
In this study we carried out fieldwork in the Lajia Ruins, in the upper Yellow River valley, to identify typical eolian loess-soil sections on the second river terrace in the ruins. In the eolian loess-soil sections in the Lajia Ruins, the land of the Qijia Culture (4.20–3.95 ka BP), are fractured by several sets of earthquake fissures. Conglomerat...
Article
The Yellow River is known for the heavy suspended sediment load resulting from intensive soil erosion and human disturbance in the drainage basin. Palaeohydrological investigations were carried out along the Jin-Shaan gorges in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. A set of palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWDs) were identified interbedded in the...
Article
Palaeoflood hydrology study is a leading subject in global change study. Through field investigation in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River, palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWD) were found in the bedrock gorges of the Yunxi reach. The results of field observation, laboratory analysis including particle-size distribution and magnetic susceptibility...
Article
Modern flood slackwater deposits (SWD) were systematically collected after the great flood events which occurred on 19 July, 2010 and on 19 September, 2011 along the upper Hanjiang River valley. Concentrations of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ba, Mn and V) in the fresh flood SWD were determined. Enrichment Factor (EF) and Index of Geoaccumu...
Article
Full-text available
Archaeological excavations have exposed a shocking picture of the prehistorical catastrophes in the Lajia Ruins in the upper Yellow River. The grouped skeletons resting on the dwelling floors show a vivid scene of the mortal struggle of human being during catastrophes. Geological records of the major disasters in relation to the devastation of this...
Article
High-resolution macroscopic charcoal and sediment analysis was used to reconstruct fire history and environmental changes from three loess-paleosol profiles on the semi-arid loess tableland landscape during the Lateglacial period and the Holocene. Analysis of charcoal concentrations, influx, and the ratios of particle-size classes (from which chang...
Article
Holocene slackwater deposits along the river channels were used to study the magnitude and frequency of the paleofloods that occurred prior to gaged and historical data sets all over the world. Paleoflood hydrological investigations were carried out in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, China. Four bedsets of paleoflood slackwater deposits we...
Article
Geomorphological and sedimentological investigations were carried out in the upper Hanjiang River valley. The sediments in the profile at the site of Homo erectus yunxianensis were sampled systematically. Magnetic susceptibility, loss-on-ignition, particle size distribution and geochemical elements were analyzed in the laboratory. The results show...
Article
The Hanjiang River, a major tributary of the Yangtze River in China, is noted for the current national South-to-North Water Diversion project. Palaeo-hydrological investigations were carried out along the upper reach gorges of the Hanjiang River that drains the Qinling and the Dabashan Mountains. A set of palaeoflood slackwater deposit beds (SWDs)...
Article
Modern flood slackwater deposits (SWD) were investigated and sampled in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River and the Weihe River valleys, China. Magnetic susceptibility and grain-size distribution were analyzed in the laboratory. The results show that the magnetic susceptibility values of the modern flood SWD vary between 20 × 10−8 m3 kg−1 and 60 ×...
Article
Palaeohydrological investigations were carried out in the middle Beiluohe River valley in the middle Yellow River basin. Palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWDs) are natural records of overbank flooding and are often identified in the Holocene aeolian loess–soil profiles along the river valley. Three bedsets of palaeoflood SWDs were found within the...
Article
The surface landscape of the Chinese Loess Plateau features densely developed gully systems. Gully incision and extension are extremely active over the elevated regions of loess hills, ridges and tablelands. This paper presents the results of investigations on major gullying phases over the Loess Plateau during the Quaternary. The objective is to e...
Article
Palaeo-hydrological field investigation was carried out in the middle reaches of the Jinghe River. A set of palaeoflood slackwater deposit beds was identified in the Holocene loess-soil sequence in the riverbanks. The sediment samples were collected from the profile, and the particle-size distribution, magnetic susceptibility, loss-on-ignition were...
Article
Sedimentary records of the Holocene extraordinary floods were investigated in the upper reaches of the Weihe River, a major tributary in the middle Yellow River basin. Palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWD) were identified at several sites on the riverbanks. These clayey silt beds are inserted into the Holocene aeolian loess-soil profiles and slope...
Article
Full-text available
The dust source and transporting system are two indispensable aspects in the process of loess-palaeosol accumulation. It has been proved that the dust of the Loess Plateau mainly comes from the northwestern inland gobi and desert, transported by the East Asia monsoon systems and westerlies. However, there are little researches with respect to the d...
Article
Charcoal particles preserved in the loess-palaeosol profiles provide records of wildfires during the Holocene. Total organic carbon, magnetic susceptibility and charcoal analysis and OSL dating were carried out in the Holocene loess-palaeosol profiles at two sites in the Weihe River basin. The analytical results show that natural wildfires occurred...
Article
Palaeo-hydrological study was carried out in the Qishuihe River valley in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Several bedsets of flood slackwater deposit were identified in the Holocene loess-soil sequences on the riverbanks. They were differentiated from aeolian loess and soils by the parallel and waving beddings and the distinctive stratigrap...
Article
Holocene palaeohydrological investigations were carried out in the middle reach of the Jinghe River that drains the central part of the Loess Plateau. A set of palaeoflood slackwater deposits was found interbedded in the Holocene loess-soil sequence within the cliff riverbanks. Both the sedimentary criteria and the analytical results show that this...
Article
Palaeoflood hydrological study is a frontal subject of global change study. Using sedimentology, geomorphology and OSL dating methods, the typical palaeoflood slackwater deposits were studied in the Qishuihe River valley. The results showed that five flooding episodes with 21 palaeoflood events occurred during 4300–4250 a B.P., 4250–4190 a B.P., 41...
Article
Chinese loess deposits are generally considered to be the product of dust storms and dust falls from the central Asia arid zones that were transported across China by the northwesterly continental monsoon. In contrast, the Zhengzhou Loess found southeast of the Loess Plateau, adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, records a different eolia...
Article
The Ustic Isohumisol (Chernozem), widely distributed over the Chinese Loess Plateau, is classified as a modern soil by agricultural pedologists and as a palaeosol by geoscientists. High-resolution investigations into this soil, including field observations, element analysis, optically simulated luminescence dating and measurements of magnetic susce...
Article
Based on field surveys, soil samples were collected at the YPC site, Yuzhou City, Henan Province for analysis of contents of major and trace elements and their variations with XRF and comparison with the curves of magnetic susceptibility, pH value distribution, loss on ignition and particle-size distribution. It was concluded that the dust source o...
Article
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating for polymineral fine-grained loess samples, collected in Laoguantai (LGT) section on the south of the Chinese Loess Plateau, was made by application of single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. A ‘Double-SAR’ procedure in which aliquots are subjected to both infrared (IR) and blue stimulations w...
Article
Lithium (Li) and barium (Ba) distributions in the Laoguantai and Liwan loess-paleosol profiles in the south of the Chinese Loess Plateau show distinct variations caused by pedogenesis. Mean Li contents in paleosols are higher than those in the upper or subjacent loess layer. Paleosol units at the two sites, respectively, contain 5% and 18% more Li...
Article
In the semiarid loess regions, slackwater deposition of overbank flooding over the piedmont alluvial plains was episodic and alternated with dust accumulation and soil formation throughout the Holocene. The records of past hydrological events are therefore preserved within the architecture of loess and soils and are protected from subsequent erosio...
Article
Colluvial components incorporated in loess–soil sequences have preserved evidence of soil erosion and redeposition in the middle reaches of the Yellow River drainage basin. Holocene loess–soil sequences on the gentle sloped lands were studied by measuring: magnetic susceptibility, particle–size distribution, CaCO3 and extraction and identification...
Article
Multi-disciplinary investigations were carried out in a Holocene eolian loess-soil profile in the centre of the Chinese Loess Plateau at the transition between the arid Mongolian steppe and the semi-arid mixed forest, and also the transitional zone between nomadism and the rain-fed cereal agriculture in history. The cultural remains of an earliest...
Article
Several Holocene loess-soil profiles at the archaeological sites of the political center, and later, the capital cities of the predynastic Zhou and Western Zhou Dynasty (ca. 1400–771 B.C.) inthe southern Loess Plateau were studied multi-disciplinarily. It provides insights into monsoonal climatic change and the relocations of the Zhou culture in th...
Article
Chinese loess–palaeosol sequences are well known for their records of monsoonal climatic variations. However, the modern processes of dust accumulation and soil formation remain poorly understood. A high-resolution investigation on modern soils, including the measurement of magnetic susceptibility, particle-size distribution, total Fe, total organi...
Article
A multi-disciplinary research with integration of the theory and methods of climatic change and history was carried out in the southern Loess Plateau of China. High-resolution soil-sedimentary data define an abruptly increased climatic aridity at 3100 a B.P. on the southern Loess Plateau. It was caused by a shift from the dominance of the maritime...
Article
The Holocene loess–soil sequence on the Chinese Loess Plateau constitutes an excellent record of evolution of soil formation, monsoonal climate, eolian dust accumulation and influences of arable farming of over 8000 years. A high-resolution soil profile on the Zhouyuan loess tableland to the west of Xi'an was studied using particle-size analysis, m...
Article
A Holocene loess profile to the west of Xi'an China was studied multi-disciplinarily to investigate the relationships between soil erosion and monsoonal climatic change. The proxy data obtained from this aeolian loess and palaeosol sequence indicate large-scale variations of climate in the southern Loess Plateau since the last glaciation. A rainwas...
Article
The history of the east Asian monsoon has been reconstructed from proxy records from the aeolian loess-palaeosol sequence in the Loess Plateau. It has been suggested that the monsoonal atmospheric circulation was initiated abruptly at 2.6 M yr BP. From about 1.2 M yrBP, the climate was characterized by contrasts between dry-cold periods brought on...
Article
Evidence of climatic variations and the impact of past farming was identified in a Holocene loess profile near Xi'an in the Guanzhong Basin, China. Detailed studies of the profile indicate that crop cultivation began at 7000 yr BP in the Neolithic and carried on to present in the area. Disturbance of the profile by cultivation has not masked eviden...

Citations

... Due to intrinsic uncertainty of dating methods, how to precisely constraining the debris flows ages is a key challenge (Wu et al. 2010;Zhao et al. 2015). Because some stratigraphic archives remain unexposed, it is difficult to assess the ages of each debris flow event in the sedimentary sequences (Schneuwly-Bollschweiler et al. 2013;Guo et al. 2016). Hence, selecting the applicable dating material is crucial for obtaining a true depositional age. ...
... Knowing the extent of the lake area can help to understand the lake elements such as the water level and reservoir capacity (high-precision elevation) of the dammed lake, showing that the sediment concentration plays an important role in the outburst of the dammed lake [13][14][15]. In addition, the change of sediment accumulation in the reservoir area of the lake will also affect the movement pattern of the breach flood and the peak flow rate of the breach, so it is important to obtain the change of the area and SSC of the barrier lake in time for the prediction and early warning of the lake breach and for safety prevention [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Since the formation of the Attabad landslide-dammed lake, Chen et al. (2019) calculated the peak burst discharge of the barrier lake and the variation law of flood discharge along the break by using the formula of peak burst discharge based on the field investigation of the Attabad landslide dams and the analysis results of the incoming water and sediment data in the upper reaches of the dammed lake [22]. ...
... Above the Gaoling soil, C2 (a thin platy layer) seems to represent a very short time interval compared with other stratigraphic units, although C2 has not yet been dated. This platy layer could be the result of higher-energy flood deposition, based on its structure and abrupt upper and lower boundaries X. Zhao et al., 2016). Alternatively, C2 is the result of modern, localized construction activity around the site, as the platy layer is expressed in the areas of Yangguanzhai with the most construction work (the northeast corner and north-central portion). It is possible that heavy machinery or construction activities compacted the ground surface and promot ...
... With a mean elevation of 3,400 m, the basin has a relatively flat topography surrounded by high mountains, including the Minshan Mountains, the origin of the studied Black River (Fig. 1b). As a unique area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Zoige Basin fosters the world's largest alpine peatland, which was formed by lacustrine deposits of a paleolake that collapsed and drained 37 ka before present (Chen et al., 1999;Nicoll et al., 2013;Zeng et al., 2017;Wang et al., 2023). With a relatively cold alpine climate (Dwc in Köppen Classification), the basin has an annual mean temperature of 0.7 ℃ and annually receives 645 mm of precipitation on average (Li et al., 2014). ...
... Such long-term reconstructions offer sedimentary clues regarding the chronology, magnitude, and frequency of past floods, furnishing a historical lens to better grasp flood hydrology and enhance risk assessment (George et al., 2020). In recent years, numerous palaeoflood investigations have been conducted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers (Huang et al., 2010;Liu et al., 2015;Guo et al., 2017Guo et al., , 2018Mao et al., 2016Mao et al., , 2022Zhang et al., 2021b). Sediment grain size variations are a popular tool in these studies to discern past flood events (Huang et al., 2010;Guo et al., 2018;Guan et al., 2022). ...
... In the upper Yellow River, the destruction of the site of Lajia of the Qijia culture has been studied through various palaeoenvironmental means (micromorphology, OSL, paleosol). Around 2200-2000 BC, mudflows caused by rainstorms, flash floods, and earthquakes and the intensive exploitation of the landscape during the Neolithic resulted in the tragedy at Lajia 28, [96][97][98][99][100]. ...
... The data generated from palaeoflood hydrology are of great significance in achieving a better estimate for large events and providing an interpretation of the regional response of the hydrological system to global climatic change at longer time scales (Huang et al., 2010(Huang et al., , 2012a(Huang et al., , 2012bHuang, Li, Pang, Zha, & Zhou, 2012;Huang, Pang, Zha, & Zhou, 2011;Knox, 2000;Luo et al., 2018Luo et al., , 2020. Previous studies have been carried out in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and its tributaries, such as the Weihe River, the Qinshuihe River, the Luohe River, and so on (Huang et al., 2010(Huang et al., , 2011Huang, Li, et al., 2012;Huang, Pang, et al., 2012a, 2012bLiang, Dong, Yan, & Liu, 2020;Wan, Huang, Ge, & Pang, 2019;Xie, Shi, & Wang, 1998;Yang, Ge, Xie, Zhan, & Li, 2000;Zhang et al., 2019), the main tributaries of the Yangze River, such as the Hanjiang River, the Danjiang River (Guo et al., 2015;Huang et al., 2013;Li, Huang, Zhang, Pang, & Ma, 2020;Liu et al., 2015;Mao et al., 2016;Wang, Huang, Pang, Zha, & Zhou, 2014;Zhou et al., 2016) and the Huaihe River Xie, Wang, & Wang, 2000). However, the investigations have rarely been carried out in the Yellow River source area. ...
... Environmental magnetic analyses have demonstrated that when sediments are fine and the contribution of superparamagnetic (SP) particles is extremely low, χ lf can be used to reflect hydrodynamic changes (Jia et al. 2004;Ji & Xia 2007). The reductive dissolution of granular magnetic minerals would also cause a decrease in χ lf under water-logging conditions (Huang et al. 2011b;Wang et al. 2012;Wan et al. 2019). As a widely used parameter, χ lf is controlled by the type, content, and grain size of magnetic minerals. ...
... Compared with traditional loess landslides, loess mudflows exhibit fluid movement, so a loess mudflow has a greater mobility and a wider accumulation range, leading to greater danger (Leng et al., 2018;Zha et al., 2019). A large number of field investigations have shown that the motion characteristics of loess mudflows mainly include the following aspects. ...
... During the early Holocene (11-6.5 ka), the climate was variable based on the temporal dissimilarity of the paleoclimatic records in the EASM-associated region in China (Zhang et al., 2021) and reconstructed precipitation from Lake Gonghai (GH) in northern China (Chen et al., 2015). The high flooding phase in this period was in response to higher climate fluctuation, and previous studies support these interpretations (Li et al., 2019;Peng et al., 2019). ...