Jenny L Wiley's research while affiliated with RTI International and other places

... Synthetic cannabinoids are full agonists that bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors with a higher potency and affinity 23 . Since cannabinoids are known to exert their anticonvulsant effects on the CB1 receptor, selective CB1 receptor agonists and antagonists were used in the present study. ...

... The reported ED 50 values for D 9 -THC in the tetrad model vary considerably depending on the individual component, rodent species, and conducting laboratory, but are broadly in the range 1-50 mg/kg (48,53,54). D 8 -THC and D 9 -THC are reported to have similar potencies in the tetrad model (52,53,55). CBN decreased locomotor activity, but it did not produce the typical pattern of CB1-mediated effects in the tetrad model (55). ...

... While to date many efforts have been made to characterize physicochemically and toxicologically the nicotine-based e-cig vapors (Williams et al. 2013;Zhao et al. 2016;Zhao, Nelson, et al. 2018;Zhao, Zhang, et al. 2018;Hwang et al. 2020;Lee and Christiani 2020), the literature regarding vapors emitted from THC/VEA-based e-liquids is very scarce, making it difficult for health risk assessors to perform risk assessment evaluations. To date, the majority of published studies focus on the physicochemical characterization (Meehan-Atrash et al. 2019;Duffy et al. 2020;Jiang et al. 2020;Lanzarotta et al. 2020;Mikheev et al. 2020;Muthumalage, Friedman, et al. 2020;Wagner et al. 2020;Ciolino, Falconer, et al. 2021;Duffy et al. 2021;Gonzalez-Jimenez et al. 2021;Guo et al. 2021;Kovach et al. 2021;Lu et al. 2021;Lynch et al. 2021;Brosius et al. 2022;Marrocco et al. 2022;McGuigan et al. 2022;Mikheev and Ivanov 2022) or biological in vivo/in vitro assessment (Muthumalage and Rahman 2019;Bhat et al. 2020;Jiang et al. 2020;Matsumoto et al. 2020;Muthumalage, Lucas, et al. 2020a;Marrocco et al. 2022;Matsumoto et al. 2022) of e-liquids or vapors generated from a single e-liquid compound (i.e. THC or VEA or other additives). ...

... Due to concerns about suitability of CBD oil for i.p. injection, CBD was administered via gastric gavage (i.g.) prior to generalization tests. Prior research indicates that a variety of drugs will substitute in generalization tests when administered via a different route of administration than what was used in discrimination (Bruner and Anderson, 2009;Fujiwara et al., 2018;Wiley et al., 2021). These results suggest that the interoceptive stimuli and time course of some drugs, including CDP (Bruner and Anderson, 2009) are similar following both i.g. and i.p. administration. ...

... Use of different routes of administration across species decreases translational relevance for several reasons. First-pass metabolism of THC, which occurs with i.p. dosing, produces a metabolite with psychoactivity ] (Browne and Weissman, 1981;Wiley et al., 2021a). Although aerosol exposure to THC also produces 11-OH-THC rodent brain (Ruiz et al., 2021b), i.p. injection produces much greater levels of 11-OH-THC in rodents than aerosol (Ruiz et al., 2021a). ...

... 12 62 However, the translation of in vitro activity to in vivo effects remains a fundamental limitation to resolving the toxicity of SCRAs and potential therapeutic exploits of this class of drug. Systematic structural comparison of SCRAs for both in vitro and in vivo activity has thus far failed to reveal a clear link between molecular pharmacology and toxicity, even in cases of significant bias, 14,[19][20][21]24,41,63,64,[66][67][68][69][70] although this does not rule out the involvement of CB 1 and CB 2 in the toxicity of SCRAs. Off-target activity is also being explored as contributors to the complex side-effect profile of SCRAs, with confirmed interactions with the 5-HT (namely subtypes 1A, 2B, 2C, and 6), GABA A , GPR18, GPR55 and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, [71][72][73][74] and T-type calcium channels. ...

... Along with other non-cannabinoid receptors implicated in inflammation, THC interacts with CB1 and CB2 receptors. THC can lessen inflammatory processes by inhibiting immune cell activation and cytokine production through these interactions [34,35]. ...

... Although modest, markedly stronger discriminative stimulus control was evident with males, whereas females exhibited markedly greater variability in response rates. Response variability with females was also reported in mice with a two-lever operant discrimination procedure by Lefever et al. (2019). ...

... According to previous research, food training can make rats learn to touch active nose-poke before self-administration experiments of drugs (Kazan and Charntikov, 2019;Marusich et al., 2019;Carreno and Lotfipour, 2023). Sucrose training and nicotine self-administration sessions were conducted as previously described (Stairs et al., 2007). ...

... Historically, research on the health implications of chronic nicotine exposure [7][8][9] has employed non-inhalation routes of administration (e.g., intravenous self-administration, continuous subcutaneous exposure) to model human nicotine consumption. It is well known that the route of administration strongly in uences the subjective or reinforcing effects of a drug, ultimately contributing to its addictive potential [10][11][12] . For these reasons, intravenous self-administration of nicotine has considerable face validity 13,14 as the drug quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier to exert central nervous system effects. ...