Jean-Claude Thibault's research while affiliated with French National Centre for Scientific Research and other places
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Publications (108)
An accurate database of the 140 islands and islets surrounding Corsica has been created. It contains precise geographical characteristics (area, max elevation, distance from the coast, geographical coordinates and a direct link to Google Maps or Google Earth). Separate tabs list the flora (n vascular plants, therophytes, alliances...), the myrmecof...
Distribution and nest locations of Common and Pallid Swifts are compared in two towns located in the Mediterranean zone, Bastia in Corsica and Nice on the French Riviera. Our goal is to evaluate whether nesting site selection by swifts on urban settings differs between the two locations. First, we noted an avoidance in the distribution between the...
The Eurasian Treecreeper is a forest bird distributed from South-Western Europe up to Northern Asia. Two phylogenetic groups have been recently identified within this species, one restricted to Corsica Island (Mediterranean) and the Caucasus region, the other distributed over most of Eurasia and in Northern Asia. Little is known on the natural hist...
The swifts (Apodidae, Aves) of the city of Bastia, Corsica. With two species of swift, the pallid and Common swifts, the city of Bastia presents a relatively rare situation compared to most localities in Corsica and in the north-Western Mediterranean
where only one species is breeding. The Common swift occupies mostly the old center, whereas the pa...
Man‐made structures, and particularly urban settings, attract species showing similar ecological niches and provide nest sites for cavity‐breeding species. It is; however, unknown whether this proximity creates opportunities for hybridization and gene flow across related species. We investigated whether two colonial species, the Common Swift Apus a...
Islands are separated by natural barriers that prevent gene flow between terrestrial populations and promote allopatric diversification. Birds in the South Pacific are an excellent model to explore the interplay between isolation and gene flow due to the region’s numerous archipelagos and well-characterized avian communities. The wattled honeyeater...
Tree breeding in holes has been recorded for the Common Swift (Apus apus) mainly in Northern Europe and Siberia. This behaviour, considered as ancestral, has also been noted in Corsican forests. Although marginal in terms of numbers, it is a perennial phenomenon. We present here a synthesis on the distribution and the characteristics
of nesting sit...
This 381-paged book covers the biology, ecology, impact and management of 34 common alien invasive species, with reviews on the history and context of avian introductions and invasions in five major regions (Oceania, Africa, Europe (including the Middle East, Asia and South America)), as well as management challenges and the potential of citizen sc...
This 381-paged book covers the biology, ecology, impact and management of 34 common alien invasive species, with reviews on the history and context of avian introductions and invasions in five major regions (Oceania, Africa, Europe (including the Middle East, Asia and South America)), as well as management challenges and the potential of citizen sc...
Each year, billions of songbirds cross large ecological barriers during their migration. Understanding how they perform this incredible task is crucial to predict how global change may threaten the safety of such journeys. Earlier studies based on radar suggested that most songbirds cross deserts in intermittent flights at high altitude, stopping i...
Rotuma, Fiji, is a small and isolated island in the Central Pacific, rarely visited by ornithologists. We present here our own observations on the avifauna, obtained in 1991 and in 2018, completed by previous records obtained since the 19 th Century. The main changes on the species composition concern the extirpation of the white-throated pigeon an...
On considère souvent que les faunes indigènes de vertébrés des îles Marquises, l’un des archipels les plus isolés de l’océan Pacifique, sont appauvries par l’éloignement, réduites à un petit nombre d’espèces. Pourtant, en prenant en compte les espèces éteintes dans un passé proche, c’est une trentaine d’oiseaux terrestres qui a été répertoriée et i...
This paper describes the characters that differentiate the three forms of Muscicapa Flycatchers occuring in the western Mediterranean. Differences exist in plumage characters
(especially streakings on breast and crown), wing structure (length of the primary projection), genetics and songs. These differences, and the lack of mixed pairs in Corsica,...
The Pacific Ocean is the site of the most important diversification of insular reed warblers (Acrocephalus). In the Marquesas Islands (Eastern Polynesia), reed warblers belong to two distinct lineages that have reached the archipelago independently. We used mitochondrial sequences and microsatellite markers and found evidence of gene flow between t...
Rotuma, Fiji, is a small and isolated island in the south-west Pacific, rarely visited by ornithologists. We present here our own observations, estimated numbers and distribution, completed by observations from previous scientists since the 19th century. The status of the four endemic landbirds (one species and three subspecies) is good, especially...
The Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris) comprises two mitochondrial lineages that diverged during the mid-Pleistocene. One paleoendemic lineage has an allopatric range currently restricted to the Island of Corsica and the Caucasus region, whereas the second one has a very large Eurasian range. Here we used microsatellites (N = 6) and mitochon...
The endemic Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whitehead! is considered as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. We review here several hypotheses regarding its colonisation of the island and the impact of the Last Glacial Maximum. Since the arrival of Humans, during the early Holocene, the decline of the nuthatch's habitat has been incessant due to fires and clea...
The bird-cult practiced on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) during the 15-19th centuries led different clans of the island to compete for collecting the first egg laid by sooty terns (Onychoprion fuscatus) on islets situated below the Rano Kau crater. It was the last breeding place for the birds extirpated on the mainland. The cult vanished with the arriva...
The patterns of colonisation and phylogenetic relationships of the swiftlets from Oceania, and in particular from the remotest archipelagos of Polynesia, remain a puzzle. In this study we used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data to infer the colonisation patterns of swiftlets endemic to Eastern Polynesia. The three endemic taxa did not form...
A rare occurrence of Vertebrate (Podarcis tiliguerta) lizard predation by the Insular spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa tyrrhenica is recorded and documented in Corsica.
An erratum to Birds of Eastern Polynesia pages 94-95
We present a recent survey of the vertebrate fauna of Cavallo, a small island belonging to the Lavezzi archipelago located between Corsica and Sardinia. This island is the only inhabited one off the coast of Corsica and underwent deep landscape and ecosystem changes in the past 50 years induced by touristic development. The herpetofauna of the Cava...
Birds of Eastern Polynesia is the first biogeographic Atlas covering all of the birds of one of the largest areas of Oceania. The book treats all of the 241 species, including extinct birds, ever recorded on the Line Islands, the Cook, Austral, Society, Marquesas, Tuamotu and Gambier archipelagos, the Pitcairn Group, and the Eastern Is. Group. Thei...
We reconstruct the phylogeny of imperial pigeons (genus Ducula) using mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. We evaluate the most likely biogeographic scenario for the evolution of this group that colonized many islands of the Pacific Ocean. The divergence time analysis suggests that the basal divergences within Ducula occurred more recently than...
Molecular studies support the hypothesis that Corsica Island was a glacial refugium for a number of forest birds during the Pleistocene. We focused on the Corsican nuthatch (Sitta whiteheadi), an endemic passerine strongly associated with the laricio pine (Pinus nigra laricio). The range of laricio pine has been impacted by the Pleistocene glacial...
We used a mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogeny to evaluate the relationships among all noddies (Anous and Procelsterna, Laridae) and to clarify their classification. Lesser Noddy Anous tenuirostris and Black Noddy A. minutus form a pair of closely related sister-species, as well as the Blue Noddy Procelsterna albivitta and Grey Noddy P. cerulea....
We investigated the evolutionary history of the Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata), a long distance migratory passerine having a widespread range, using mitochondrial markers and nuclear introns. Our mitochondrial results reveal the existence of one insular lineage restricted to the western Mediterranean islands (Balearics, Corsica, Sardinia) a...
An old museum specimen of a storm petrel from the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) was sampled genetically. This specimen has been alternatively attributed to Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica, or described as a new taxon. Its plumage also recalls the recently rediscovered New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana. However, molecular phylo...
Our study highlights the major role played by the western Mediterranean islands (Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia) in the evolutionary history of a long-distance migratory passerine species,the spotted flycatcher.We show that present-day genetic structure of the spotted flycatcher comprises two primarymitochondrial lineages. One lineage is endem...
Fruit doves of the genus Ptilinopus (Columbidae) form a large group of more than 50 species that have been successful in colonizing most of the Pacific Ocean, with sympatric species on several small oceanic islands. A recent new phylogeny of this genus and allies by Cibois and coworkers showed that all these cases of sympatry derived from multiple...
In this study we investigated the phylogenetics of the Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris), a forest passerine with a wide Palaearctic range including Corsica, using three mitochondrial genes and three nuclear introns, and its phylogeographic history using the COI gene. Our phylogenetic results, including eight of the ten sub-species currentl...
Todiramphus chloris is the most widely distributed of the Pacific’s ‘great speciators’. Its 50 subspecies constitute a species complex that is distributed over 16 000 km from the Red Sea to Polynesia. We present, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of this enigmatic radiation of kingfishers. Ten Pacific Todiramphus species...
Alofi, Futuna and Uvea (also called Wallis), 3 islands situated north of Fiji and Tonga archipelagos, are rarely visited by ornithologists. We present new data on the avifauna obtained during surveys in 2014 and we compare them with previous surveys made in the 1920s, 1980s and 1990s. We recorded the extirpation of 1 species (friendly ground-dove,...
In harvested forests, the bird community is largely determined by stand structure, which itself is determined by forestry practices. This study aimed to identify habitat variables determining the presence of Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi – a threatened island endemic – in harvested Corsican Pine Pinus nigra laricio woods, with the aim of mitig...
Hatuta‘a (or Hatutu) is a small, remote, uninhabited island located in
the northern Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) that supports a rich seabird
assemblage of at least 15 breeding species and four landbird species, including
the largest population of the rare Marquesas Ground Dove Gallicolumba rubescens.
We present data collected from 1922 to...
Amplification conditions for microsatellite primers. Conditions were designed for microsatellite amplification in Balearic shearwater and used in Cory's shearwater; for primer sequences see González et al. (2009).
(DOC)
Dispersal is critically linked to the demographic and evolutionary trajectories of populations, but in most seabird species it may be difficult to estimate. Using molecular tools, we explored population structure and the spatial dispersal pattern of a highly pelagic but philopatric seabird, the Cory's shearwater Calonectris diomedea. Microsatellite...
With only a single extant representative, endemic to the Tuamotu Archipelago, the Polynesian sandpipers (Aechmorhynchus and Prosobonia) may have had a larger distribution in Eastern Polynesia in the past, with four endemic taxa. Although these aberrant sandpipers' membership to the Scolocapidae has been well supported, finding their closest living...
Located in the South Pacific Ocean, the Gambier Islands are sometimes presented as an example, with Easter Island, of biodiversity collapse provoked by overexploitation of the natural resources by the Polynesian people during the course of several centuries. However, when comparing the list of bird bones obtained from archaeological sites with the...
The Nightingale Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus luscinius) is known from six islands of the Mariana Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean. A recent phylogeny of the reed-warblers of the Pacific islands suggested however that the species was polyphyletic, the result of at least three independent colonisations. We present here a complete phylogeny of the Maria...
The endemic Tahiti reed-warbler Acrocephalus caffer occurs in two distinct morphs, a typical or 'yellow' morph and a melanic or 'dark' morph, which are found together in the valleys of the eastern and central parts of the island of Tahiti (Society Islands, French Polynesia). We investigated the molecular basis of the plumage colour polymorphism in...
Only a few of the 76 atolls in the Tuamotu Archipelago have a monograph summarizing their fauna and flora. The classics are for Raroia Atoll (Morrison, 1954) and for Moruroa Atoll (Chevalier et al. 1968). This type of synthesis is important, plus its accessibility via published journals or "online" is indispensable. Of primary importance is buildin...
Aim Deciphering the complex colonization history of island archipelagos is greatly facilitated by comprehensive phylogenies. In this study we investigate the phylogeny and biogeography of the insular reed-warblers (genus Acrocephalus) of the tropical Pacific Ocean, from Australia to eastern Polynesia.
The Tuamotu Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus atyphus) is a small insectivorous passerine endemic to eastern Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean. To complement a previous study of the phylogeography of this species based on molecular data, we undertook an analysis based on morphological characters taken from study skins and live birds and propose a new classif...
Endemic to the island of Corsica in the western Mediterranean, the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi only occupies mature stands of Corsican Pine Pinus nigra laricio which cover a very small area. We present estimates of the distribution and population size of the Corsican Nuthatch, based on both field investigation and analysis of vegetation maps...
Old museum specimens of Pacific reed warblers with dubious origins were sampled genetically. We studied two specimens described as a subspecies of Nightingale Reed Warbler Acrocephalus luscinius astrolabii, the origin of which has been tentatively attributed to Micronesia. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed that these specimens are closely rel...
Little is known about the effect of quaternary climate variations on organisms that inhabited carbonate islands of the Pacific Ocean, although it has been suggested that one or several uplifted islands provided shelter for terrestrial birds when sea-level reached its highest. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the history of colonization of t...
Aims To describe several aspects of the breeding biology of Corsican Nuthatch (mating system, occupation of territories, fecundity, breeding period, levels and impact of predation), in relation to abiotic parameters (altitude, rain, temperature) and feeding resources.
The Phoenix Petrel (Pterodroma alba) is classified as Endangered and its population is declining on most of its breeding islands. However, the exact population size is not clearly known and data are sometimes old and inaccurate, such as for the Marquesas Archipelago, French Polynesia. Hatuta'a Island, Marquesas, was visited for three days in March...
The Phoenix Petrel (Pterodroma alba) is classified as Endangered and its population is declining on most of its breeding islands. However, the exact population size is not clearly known and data are sometimes old and inaccurate, such as for the Marquesas Archipelago, French Polynesia. Hatuta'a Island, Marquesas, was visited for three days in March...
The Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi is a bird endemic to Corsica Island and has a very small population. Its habitat, Corsican pine Pinus nigra laricio forest, is currently restricted to less than 16,000ha and is threatened by forest fires. In this article, we aim (1) to
evaluate the effects of a large wildfire on a Nuthatch population, and (2)...
The passerine genus Pomarea (monarchs, Monarchidae) is endemic to eastern Polynesia, where it is distributed on high volcanic islands of the Cook, Society, and Marquesas archipelagos. Recent extinctions of these birds have been documented on several islands, and most of the remaining forms are threatened by introducted rats (Rattus rattus) and habi...
To predict the impact of climate change over the whole species distribution range, comparison of adult survival variations over large spatial scale is of primary concern for long-lived species populations that are particularly susceptible to decline if adult survival is reduced. In this study, we estimated and compared adult survival rates between...
1. Understanding how density-dependent and independent processes influence demographic parameters, and hence regulate population size, is fundamental within population ecology. We investigated density dependence in growth rate and fecundity in a recovering population of a semicolonial raptor, the osprey Pandion haliaetus [Linnaeus, 1758], using 31...
The Citril Finch Serinus citrinella breeds in several mountains of central and southern Europe and on Corsica, Sardinia and Tuscany islands. Several studies have emphasized differences in phenotype and vocalization, and some authors consider mainland and insular forms to be two distinct species. A genetic approach based on the sequences of a mitoch...
Four species of monarchs (Pomarea spp.) presently inhabit French Polynesia, one on Tahiti and three on the Marquesas Islands. Although all species populations were abundant during the nineteenth century or at the beginning of the twentieth century, their range and population numbers have recently decreased dramatically: intensive field surveys cond...
This paper describes the diet of young Lammergeiers Gypaetus barbatus during the nesting period on the island of Corsica. From 1985 to 1990, food items were collected from 10 nests after the young had fledged. These nests were from five territories where the potential food supply was estimated using a range of ‘large mammal’ counts. Feathers, bones...
Long-lived species show delayed maturity and generally skip breeding sites on a given year, causing difficulties in estimating demographic parameters. A novel multi-state capture – recapture model (model G for general) is proposed to estimate survival and recruitment. Model G considers long and short periods of non-attendance at the breeding site....
In the Society archipelago (French Polynesia), Acrocephalus reed warblers are known only from four islands: Tahiti, Mo’orea, Huahine and Raiatea. All populations are now extinct except on Tahiti. Our knowledge of these birds is based on a small number of specimens preserved in museums, collected mostly during the 19th century. We present here a rev...
Aim Remote oceanic islands often provide good illustrations of adaptive radiations, but phylogenetic studies have also demonstrated unexpected multiple colonization events for a given archipelago. In this study we investigate the relationships among endemic populations of the Marquesas reed‐warbler, Acrocephalus mendanae Tristram, 1883, which have...
The endemic Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi population is small and currently restricted to mountain forests of Corsican Pine Pinus nigra laricio. An estimate of annual survival rate is an important parameter to allow evaluation of extinction risk. Adult Corsican Nuthatches were colour-ringed and resighted on territory in the Ascu Valley, centra...
Travaux Scientifique du Parc National & Réserves Nationales de Corse
We examined the relationship between the Corsican nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi, a passerine endemic to the island of Corsica and Corsican pine Pinus nigra laricio forest, its virtually exclusive habitat, currently restricted to inland mountains. The Corsican nuthatch prefers older Corsican pine stands with tall, large trees, and avoids younger stands,...
We examined the response of birds to a severe summer wildfire in a Corsican pine forest during the first months following the disturbance. Only seed-eating species visited the burnt areas in large numbers. While certain trunks or branches were still burning, numerous birds, among them the coal tit Parus ater and the Corsican nuthatch Sitta whitehea...
Capsule: Food availability determines date of clutch initiation, and predation is the main cause of clutch failure. Aims: To describe several aspects of the breeding biology of Corsican Nuthatch (mating system, occupation of territories, fecundity, breeding period, levels and impact of predation), in relation to abiotic parameters (altitude, rain,...
The bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus is a large, long-lived osteophagus vulture whose abundance and breeding range have drastically declined during the last century, making it one of the most endangered European bird species. We evaluated the extinction risk of the bearded vulture population in Corsica (a small, isolated breeding population of 8–1...
The passerine genus Pomarea (monarchs, Monarchidae) is endemic to eastern Polynesia, where it is distributed on high volcanic islands of the Cook, Society, and Marquesas archipelagos. Recent extinctions of these birds have been documented on several islands, and most of the remaining forms are threatened by introducted rats (Rattus rattus) and habi...
The Corsican Nuthatch is a passerine endemic to Corsica island. Its habitat mostly consists in old stands of Corsican pine and locally of Maritime pine. Large fires affected several mountain forests during the summer of 2000. Our objective is to estimate the impact of these fires on Corsican nuthatches population. Among the forest stands occupied b...
We studied the coexistence of four species of Sylvia warblers living in Mediterranean matorral in order to identify the respective role of ecological segregation and of interspecific territoriality in explaining the local distribution of these four species. Data on habitat use, foraging behaviour and interspecific spacial segregation were collected...
The aim is to describe substrates, vegetation structure and layers used by the Corsican nuthatch (Sitta whiteheadi) in its main habitat, the Corsican pine forest (Pinus nigra laricio) and to show differences among breeding and wintering seasons. During breeding, birds foraged mainly in trees, although one quarter of the data concerned fly-catch fro...
Understanding the decline and extinction of species has become critical to conservation biology. The five monarch species of the genus Pomarea, endemic to the southeastern Pacific, are all listed as threatened. Introduced mammals and birds are believed to be responsible for their rarefaction. We analyzed the historical and current distribution of m...
Endemic to Corsica Island, in the Western Mediterranean, the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi inhabits mainly the stands of Corsican Pine Pinus nigra subsp. laricio, although it is also present in other coniferous forests, e.g. the Maritime Pine P. pinaster which also covers large areas. The present study points out the major role played by Corsi...
Habitat expansion is a commonly recognized feature of the insular syndrome. It has been explained either by restricted dispersal, intraspecific spillover resulting from density inflation, benign and predictable climate, or by the ecological release that results from species impoverishment. The latter hypothesis has been frequently invoked to explai...
In August 2000, a bush fire burnt most of the vegetation in the Restonica valley (Corsica, Western Mediterranean) including ca. 730 ha of Scots and Corsican pines forests. The valley is part of the Natura 2000 network (ref: FR9400578). By comparing data collected during field surveys (1992 and 2001-2002) it was found that 6 out of 12 territories of...
The Corsican pine is one of the main mountain forest species of the island of Corsica. Counts on four plots (surface area: 6 to 8 ha) of pine stands have provided data on the composition and density of the breeding avifauna. 27 bird species were recorded, with breeding being confirmed for 22 of them. Variety ranged from 14 to 18 species, and overal...
Endemic to Corsica Island, in the Western Mediterranean, the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi inhabits mainly the stands of Corsican Pine Pinus nigra subsp. laricio, although it is also present in other coniferous forests, e.g. the Maritime Pine P. pinaster which also covers large areas. The present study points out the major role played by Corsi...
The diet of young Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in Corsica (Western Mediterranean) has been studied by identifying remains and pellets collected at nests after fledging from 1991 to 1996. Ten mammalian species, 17 birds and two reptiles have been identified, of which snakes, Bovidae (mostly Feral Goat Capra hircus), Wild Boar Sus scrofa and Corvi...
Breeding of hole nesting birds has been poorly studied until use of nest-boxes. The Corsican Nuthatch, endemic to Corsica island, breeds only in a hole that it excavates in dead and rotten trees, often at a height (mean = 10 meters) making nests difficult to reach. For these reasons, data on eggs were restricted to Museum collections and growing of...
The devastation of island faunas by alien species has been instrumental in raising concerns about the global threat to biological diversity. Colonial nesting species, often restricted to islands, have been affected severely. Eradication of introduced species as a means to alleviate the problem is usually done with little or no understanding of the...
We report numbers and distributions of the breeding seabird community of the Gambler Islands (Eastern Polynesia, South Pacific Ocean), obtained in 1995 and 1996. Comparing these data with those collected in 1922, 1965-69 and 1971, we assess the extent of changes in distribution and numbers of seabirds. None of the 14 species recorded previously to...
Aim The Mediterranean sea is a winter productive oligotrophic basin where Atlantic water replaces water lost through evaporation, this influx being a major source of productivity and fertility. The long coastlines and the large number of islands cause high oceanographic heterogeneity. Moreover, during its geological history, it has dried out severa...
A considerable amount of new information has become available in the last two decades, on both the Atlantic (borealis) and Mediterranean (diomedea) subspecies. More detail is available on nesting habitat, and there is now a much better understanding of wintering areas, almost exclusively within the southern hemisphere, and of where non-breeders spe...
Recent trends of six Mediterranean populations of breeding marine birds are considered. The European Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) has recently decreased in certain areas. No regional decreases are apparent for either Cory's (Calonectris diomedea) or Mediterranean Shearwaters (Puffinus yelkouan). The European Storm Petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus),...
For the first time on a Mediterranean island, the diet of young Golden Eagle has been studied by direct observation of prey delivery during four breeding seasons to understand how ressources were exploited in an insular environment where the fauna is impoverished, where no one species is sufficiently abundant to constitute a main prey. The first pa...
Citations
... During the migration season, both treecreeper species can occur in almost any habitat type (BirdLife Hungary 2023a, 2023b), but our studies showed that the Eurasian Treecreeper was more strongly associated with the scrubland and forest edge at the study site than the Short-toed Treecreeper. The Eurasian Treecreeper also showed a stronger preference for mature stands and large trees in the breeding season (Thibault 2023). Both species occurred in small numbers due to the lack of thick trunk trees in the marsh. ...
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... Although presenting some limitations (Taberlet et al., 2012), the ability to provide high taxonomic resolution to the consumed taxa (Jackson et al., 2014;Gibson et al., 2015), while avoiding prior knowledge of the present prey (de Sousa et al., 2019), makes this technique a good tool for diet assessment. Despite its broad application and its potential to unravel swifts' ecology, to date it has not been applied to assess the diet of any of the Palearctic swift species, whose populations, however, have been the subject of other biological and ecological studies (Hedenstr€ om et al., 2019;Cibois et al., 2022;Kearsley et al., 2022). ...
... According to Hémery and Le Toquin (1976), the number 20 million refers to the number in December 1967, but I have not found any work in which the number estimate is elaborated. Sadly, the ornithologist and brambling enthusiast Georges Hémery, passed away in 2013 (Yésou, Debout, Erard, Pons, & Thibault, 2014) and could not give his view on these numbers. His colleauge Alain Le Toquin believes that the value 20 million comes from Jean-Claude Alberny (Le Toquin 2020, personal communication). ...
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... There is also a disparity in habitat preferences between the Algerian Nuthatch and its relatives. Thus, the Corsican Nuthatch is breeding in Corsican pine species (Pinus nigra laricio) [41] and the Krüper's Nuthatch prefers red pine species (Pinus brutia) [42]. The divergence in habitat selection between Algerian Nuthatch's populations and between this species and its relatives, could be related to the dominant plant species mentioned in the forests where nuthatches are living. ...
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... Attualmente, per il rondone comune, sono noti ancora alcuni casi di nidificazione in ambiente naturale, per esempio nella foresta temperata del Parco Nazionale di Białowieża, in Polonia (Tomialojc & Wesołowsky, 2010) o nelle foreste di pini in Corsica (Thibault et al., 2020), o anche in filari arborei in città (Camelliti & Boano, 2002). Con l'espansione degli insediamenti e dell'attività umana, i rondoni si sono adattati a vivere prevalentemente in ambito urbano. ...
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... Honeyeaters are well established as good dispersers and have longer and more projected wings compared to their meliphagoid relatives [29,70]. Vicariance events have been suggested to have acted in this group [53,71], but to date, evidence for speciation in honeyeaters has predominantly supported the role of dispersal events throughout Indonesia and the South Pacific [53,55,72], associated with their nectarivorous lifestyle [35,70]. Although we confirm the results of previous honeyeater studies which have suggested that dispersal has been key to honeyeater speciation especially in island species [53,55], we find that vicariant patterns associated with a large range size mechanism in the continental setting is also important. ...
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... For instance, multiple studies have found that song playback triggers aggressive interspecific responses in one or both species replacing one another along an elevational gradient (e.g., [42,61,66]; but see also [8], and discussion below), and Freeman et al. [67] provided convincing evidence that direct territorial aggression plays an important role in setting elevational range limits among closely related species along the Manu Transect in southeastern Peru. In addition, ecological release manifested by an increase in elevational range in the absence of congeners is frequently reported on both islands and isolated mountaintops ( [63] and references therein; [68,69]; but see also [70]). ...
... The Corsican Nuthatch is a territorial breeder; each pair uses a range of several hectares (Löhrl 1960, 1961, Matthysen & Adriaensen 1989. Both its number (less than 3000 pairs) and its range (less than 15 000 hectares) are limited (Löhrl 1960, 1961, Brichetti & Di Capi 1985, and its breeding habitat, locally destroyed by forest cutting, has also been seriously reduced by recurrent fires (Thibault et al. 2002a(Thibault et al. , 2004. Thus the Corsican Nuthatch is considered a declining and threatened species. ...
... Although the large Fijian islands still have some areas of native forest, much has been lost (e.g., 17% between 1990 and2000;FAO 2005 in litt., and an additional 3% since 2000, https:// globalforestwatch.org/). Although E.s. semicaudata has declined in Fiji and is lost from Viti Levu and the island of Rotuma, they do persist in this country (Cibois et al., 2019;Scanlon et al., 2014). Fiji is the only part of E.s. semicaudata's range where this subspecies remains. ...
... However, none of the birds undertook a FDF more than once per migration season. Nocturnally migrating songbirds generally have the capacity to fly in the daytime when crossing large ecological barriers [8,11]. Some of the previous studies of this phenomenon have used the term "strategy", implying that FDF is a genetically hardwired behavior. ...
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