Jane Mt. Pleasant's research while affiliated with Cornell University and other places
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Publications (6)
span>Scholars have studied The Three Sisters, a traditional cropping system of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), from multiple perspectives. However, there is no research examining food yields, defined as the quantities of energy and protein produced per unit land area, from the cropping system within Iroquoia. This article compares food yields and oth...
Iroquois maize farmers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries produced three to five times more grain per acre than wheat farmers in Europe. The higher productivity of Iroquois agriculture can be attributed to two factors. First, the absence of plows in the western hemisphere allowed Iroquois farmers to maintain high levels of soil organic mat...
Results from field experiments in New York establish realistic yield levels for the Three Sisters, a polycultural cropping system of inter-planted corn, bean, and squash which was used by Iroquoian farmers in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. A traditional open-pollinated white flour corn yielded from 22 to 76 bu/acre (1155 to 4127 kg/ha); the hi...
The groundcover levels after corn (Zea mays L.) silage harvest are rarely adequate to prevent soil erosion, but most corn-growers do not plant cover crops due to time and cost limitations. Herbicide-resistant corn hybrids provide opportunities to control weeds and to utilize cover crops in previously unexplored combinations. Field studies were cond...
Citations
... Intercropping is an ancient technique used on Earth that involves growing two or more crop species simultaneously in the same field [30]. This differs from the "traditional" monocropping system, where only a single crop species is planted in the same field. ...
... e. Research has shown that Iroquois maize farmers often out-produced contemporary Euro-American wheat farmers. This is in part because maize is better suited to roughly prepared, untilled soil, it is easier to weed because of the wider space between plants, and it can be planted individually or in small groups to take advantage of local conditions (Mt. Pleasant 2006Mt. Pleasant and Burt 2010). Experimental hill and ridge gardens in the Midwest and northern Plains have also demonstrated the effectiveness of this form of agriculture (Demchik and Demchik 2011;Munson-Scullin and Sculling 2005;Schneider 2002). The utility of no-till farming as opposed to plow agriculture has become a topic of interest t ...
... incingly supported and requires further investigation (Beillouin et al., 2021;Finch and Collier, 2012). The Three Sisters system, typically comprising maize (Z. mays) intercropped with squash (Cucurbita spp.) and common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), is arguably the most successful attempt at sustainable agriculture in Mesoamerica (Kline et al., 2020;Mt. Pleasant and Burt, 2010). Archaeological evidence has shown that maize/bean/squash polyculture dated to approximately 1070 AD (Lewandowski, 1987) and was recently used in northeastern North America (such as New York, USA; Ontario; and Quebec), Canada (Hart and Feranec, 2020), and China (such as the Yunnan province). Fields cultivated using this practice for tho ...
... In Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China, E. repens is a widespread wild-growing perennial grass. Previous cultivation and physiological studies of E. repens demonstrated its tolerance to various abiotic stresses, and adaptability for soil and water conservation and rangeland improvement (Mahelka 2006;Gift et al. 2008;P€ atsch et al. 2019). Additionally, E. repens was proved to be suitable for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with the metal ion. ...
... The benefits of the Three Sisters have been studied for decades, and studies have mainly concentrated on productivity (Mt Pleasant, 2011). It has been demonstrated that the Three Sisters system provides higher nutrients, presents higher total productivity, and produces greater biomass than mono-cropped maize (Lopez-Ridaura et al., 2021;Postma and Lynch, 2012;Zhang et al., 2014). ...
