J P Allen's research while affiliated with Arizona State University and other places

Publications 0

Article
Full-text available
Hybrid complexes incorporating synthetic Mn-porphyrins into an artificial four-helix bundle domain of bacterial reaction centers created a system to investigate new electron transfer pathways. The reactions were initiated by illumination of the bacterial reaction centers, whose primary photochemistry involves electron transfer from the bacteriochlo...
Article
Full-text available
Insight into control of proton transfer, a crucial attribute of cellular functions, can be gained from investigations of bacterial reaction centers. While the uptake of protons associated with the reduction of the quinone is well characterized, the release of protons associated with the oxidized bacteriochlorophyll dimer has been poorly understood....
Article
In this paper we report the design of hybrid reaction centers with a novel redox-active cofactor. Reaction centers perform the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis, namely the light-induced transfer of an electron from the bacteriochlorophyll dimer to a series of electron acceptors. Hybrid complexes were created by the fusion of an artificial f...
Article
The electronic structure of a Mn(II) ion bound to highly oxidizing reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides was studied in a mutant modified to possess a metal binding site at a location comparable to the Mn4Ca cluster of photosystem II. The Mn-binding site of the previously described mutant, M2, contains three carboxylates and one His at the bi...
Article
This review presents a broad overview of the research that enabled the structure determination of the bacterial reaction centers from Blastochloris viridis and Rhodobacter sphaeroides, with a focus on the contributions from Duysens, Clayton, and Feher. Early experiments performed in the laboratory of Duysens and others demonstrated the utility of s...
Article
As discussed throughout this special issue, oxidation and reduction reactions play critical roles in the function of many organisms. In photosynthetic organisms, the conversion of light energy drives oxidation and reduction reactions through the transfer of electrons and protons in order to create energy-rich compounds. These reactions occur in pro...
Article
Light-induced hypsochromic shifts of the Q(y) absorption band of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer (P) from 865 to 850 nm were identified using continuous illumination of dark-adapted reaction centers (RCs) from Rhodobacter capsulatus when dispersed in the most commonly used detergent, the zwitterionic lauryl N-dimethylamine-N-oxide. Such a shift is kn...
Article
In photosynthetic organisms, such as purple bacteria, cyanobacteria, and plants, light is captured and converted into energy to create energy-rich compounds. The primary process of energy conversion involves the transfer of electrons from an excited donor molecule to a series of electron acceptors in pigment-protein complexes. Two of these complexe...
Article
The energetics of a Mn cofactor bound to modified reaction centers were determined, including the oxidation/reduction midpoint potential and free energy differences for electron transfer. To determine these properties, a series of mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides were designed that have a metal-ion binding site that binds Mn2+ with a dissociation...
Article
The creation of synthetic enzymes with predefined functions represents a major challenge in future synthetic biology applications. Here, we describe six structures of de novo proteins that have been determined using protein crystallography to address how simple enzymes perform catalysis. Three structures are of a protein, DX, selected for its stabi...
Article
The influence of hydrogen bonds on the electronic structure of the light-harvesting I complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been examined by site-directed mutagenesis, steady-state optical spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform resonance Raman spectroscopy. Shifts of 4-23 nm in the Q(y) absorption band were observed in seven mutants with single or...
Article
The electronic structure of Fe3+ was studied in a mutant that has been modified to bind manganese or iron at a site corresponding to the manganese-binding site of photosystem II (Kálmán et al., Biochemistry 45:13869–13874, 2006). Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the presence of the oxidized state of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer,...
Article
Protein crystallography is the predominately used technique for the determination of the three-dimensional structures of proteins and other macromolecules. In this article, the methodology utilized for the measurement and analysis of the diffraction data from crystals is briefly reviewed. As examples of both the usefulness and difficulties of this...
Article
Electron transfer processes were studied in the reaction center (RC) of a Rhodobacter sphaeroides magnesium chelatase (bchD) mutant that assembles with six chemically identical chlorin molecules. A previous study [Jaschke & Beatty, Biochemistry, 2007] and this work show the complete absence of bacteriochlorophyll (containing Mg as the metal) and ba...
Article
Full-text available
The influence of the protein environment on the primary electron donor, P, a bacteriochlorophyll a dimer, of reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, has been investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance and electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy. These techniques were used to probe the effects on P that are due to alteration of...
Article
Bacterial reaction centers have a single nonheme iron that is located between two bound quinones, QA and QB, which are the primary and secondary electron acceptors during photosynthesis, respectively. InRhodobacter sphaeroides, the iron is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms, contributed by histidines at L190, L230, M219, and M266, and two oxygen at...
Article
The binding and oxidation of ferrous iron were studied in wild-type reaction centers and in mutants that have been modified to be both highly oxidizing and able to bind manganese [Thielges et al. (2005) Biochemistry 44, 7389-7394]. After illumination of wild-type reaction centers, steady-state optical spectroscopy showed that the oxidized bacterioc...
Article
The pH dependence of binding and oxidation of Mn2+ in highly oxidizing reaction centers with designed metal-binding sites was characterized by light-minus-dark optical difference spectroscopy and direct measurements of proton uptake/release. These mutants bind a Mn2+ ion that can efficiently transfer an electron to the oxidized bacteriochlorophyll...
Article
Crystals have been obtained of wild-type reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides using manganese chloride as a precipitating agent. The crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P4(2)22, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 207.8, c = 107.5 A. The crystal structure has been determined to a resolution limit of 4.6 A using a previously determi...
Article
Metals bound to proteins perform a number of crucial biological reactions, including the oxidation of water by a manganese cluster in photosystem II. Although evolutionarily related to photosystem II, bacterial reaction centers lack both a strong oxidant and a manganese cluster for mediating the multielectron and proton transfer needed for water ox...
Article
The mosquito-larvicidal binary toxin produced by Bacillus sphaericus is composed of BinB and BinA, which have calculated molecular weights of 51.4 and 41.9 kDa, respectively. NaOH extracts of B. sphaericus spores were analyzed using SDS-PAGE. Stained gels showed bands with molecular weights corresponding to those of BinB and BinA as well as two add...
Article
The photosynthetic reaction center from the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been modified such that the bacteriochlorophyll dimer, when it becomes oxidized after light excitation, is capable of oxidizing tyrosine residues. One factor in this ability is a high oxidation-reduction midpoint potential for the dimer, although the location a...
Article
The pH and temperature dependences of tyrosine oxidation were measured in reaction centers from mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides containing a tyrosine residue near a highly oxidizing bacteriochlorophyll dimer. Under continuous illumination, a rapid increase in the absorption change at 420 nm was observed because of the formation of a charge-separ...
Article
Despite the fact that the three-dimensional structure of an integral membrane protein was first determined 20 years ago, structures have been solved for very few membrane proteins. The reaction center is an exception with many mutant and modified structures available from 3 different bacterial species. In order to relate these structures to the fun...
Article
For at least 2 billion years, the structure of the photosynthetic reaction center has maintained an approximate rotational symmetry, in both plants and bacteria, consisting of a heterodimeric core with two ostensibly similar electron-transfer pathways, yet the functional advantage of this symmetry is not clear. This structure/function enigma is now...
Article
Reaction centers from the Y(L167) mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, containing a highly oxidizing bacteriochlorophyll dimer and a tyrosine residue substituted at Phe L167, were compared to reaction centers from the Y(M) mutant, with a tyrosine at M164, and a quadruple mutant containing a highly oxidizing dimer but no nearby tyrosine residue. Disti...
Article
The transfer of an electron from exogenous manganese (II) ions to the bacteriochlorophyll dimer, P, of bacterial reaction centers was characterized for a series of mutants that have P/P(+) midpoint potentials ranging from 585 to 765 mV compared to 505 mV for wild type. Light-induced changes in optical and EPR spectra of the mutants were measured to...
Article
The effect of detergents and amphiphiles on protein solubility and their use in crystallization solutions was examined for an integral membrane protein, the light-harvesting I complex from Rhodospirillum centenum. Measurement by a centrifugation assay of the solubility of the protein in different detergents and amphiphiles showed high protein-solub...
Article
Markedly different light-induced protonational changes were measured in two reaction center mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. A quadruple mutant containing alterations, at residues L131, M160, M197, and M210, that elevate the midpoint potential of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer was compared to the Y(M) mutant, which contains these alterations plus...
Article
The relationship between the effect of detergents and amphiphiles on protein solubility and their use in crystallization solutions was examined for the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Measurement by a centrifugation assay of the solubility of the reaction center as a function of ionic strength revealed dramatic differences in the intr...
Article
The influence of the local environment on the formation of a tyrosyl radical was investigated in modified photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The reaction centers contain a tyrosine residue placed approximately 10 A from a highly oxidizing bacteriochlorophyll dimer. Measurements by both optical and electron paramagnetic re...
Article
The photosynthetic reaction center (RC) is an integral membrane protein that carries out the initial charge-separation reactions of photosynthesis. Upon light excitation, a pair (P) of bacteriochlorophylls (Bchls) donates an electron to a bacteriopheophytin (H-L), generating an ion-pair state (P+HL-). Previous ENDOR studies of RCs from the purple b...
Article
Full-text available
The structure of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been solved by using x-ray diffraction at a 2.55-A resolution limit. Three lipid molecules that lie on the surface of the protein are resolved in the electron density maps. In addition to a cardiolipin that has previously been reported [McAuley, K. E., Fyfe, P. K., Ridge, J. P.,...
Article
Crystals have been obtained of reaction centers of the heterodimer mutant that has significantly different properties than wild type due to the primary donor being formed from both a bacteriochlorophyll and bacteriopheophytin rather than two bacteriochlorophylls as found for wild type. The crystals belong to the trigonal space group P3(1)21 and the...
Article
The extent of electrostatic contributions from the protein environment was assessed by the introduction of ionizable residues near the bacteriochlorophyll dimer in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Two mutations at symmetry-related sites, M199 Asn to Asp and L170 Asn to Asp, resulted in a 48 and 44 mV lowering of the midpoint potential...
Article
Cytochrome c(2) from the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum centenum has been crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 29.7, b = 59.9, c = 65.4 A, and diffract to a resolution limit of 1.7 A. The Fe-atom position was determi...
Article
The role of contact interactions in the crystallization of membrane proteins was assessed by mutation of amino-acid residues on the surface of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Five single-site mutants were constructed, with changes in contact regions found in the trigonal and tetragonal forms but not the orthorhombic form. Crystall...
Article
The effect of the amphiphile heptanetriol on the properties of solutions containing several detergents commonly used for crystallization of membrane proteins was characterized. The critical micelle concentration was found to be relatively unchanged by the presence of the amphiphile. In contrast, the addition of heptanetriol to solutions containing...
Article
The participation of tyrosine in the oxidation of water by photosystem II, a multisubunit enzyme complex involved in plant photosynthesis, exemplifies the significant role amino-acid side chains play in oxidation/reduction reactions in proteins. The influence of the surrounding protein on the properties of amino-acid radicals and the attributes nec...
Article
Full-text available
Certain strains of Bacillus sphaericus produce a highly toxic mosquito-larvicidal protein during sporulation which is active against vectors of dengue, encephalitis and malaria. This toxin is initially expressed as 51 and 42 kDa proteins and is converted to 43 and 39 kDa proteins, respectively, which form the active heterodimer complex. For a bette...
Article
The reaction center is the key component for the primary events in the photochemical conversion of light into chemical energy. After excitation by light, a charge separation that spans the cell membrane is formed in the reaction center in a few hundred picoseconds with a quantum yield of essentially one. A conserved pattern in the cofactors and cor...
Article
Light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy of the photooxidation of the primary electron donor P in Rhodobacter sphaeroides chromatophores has been performed to investigate the effect of possible addition or removal of hydrogen bonds to the C9 and C2 carbonyls of the bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)-bacteriopheophytin (BPhe) heterodimer in the His M202→L...
Article
Full-text available
The kinetics of electron transfer from cytochrome c2 to the primary donor (P) of the reaction center from the photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides have been investigated by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Rereduction of P+ induced by a laser pulse has been measured at temperatures from 300 K to 220 K in a series of specifi...
Article
The kinetics of electron transfer from cytochrome c2 to the primary donor (P) of the reaction center from the photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides have been investigated by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Rereduction of P+ induced by a laser pulse has been measured at temperatures from 300K to 220K in a series of specifica...
Article
The direct charge recombination rates from the primary quinone, k AD (D+Q A – DQA) and the secondary quinone, k BD (D+Q B – DQB), in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides were measured as a function of the free energy differences for the processes, G AD 0 and G BD 0 , respectively. Measurements were performed at 21 C on a series of mutant r...
Article
The primary electron donor in bacterial reaction centers is a dimer of bacteriochlorophyll a molecules, labeled L or M based on their proximity to the symmetry-related protein subunits. The electronic structure of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer was probed by introducing small systematic variations in the bacteriochlorophyll-protein interactions by a...
Article
The triplet state of the primary donor in mutant reaction centers ofRhodobacter sphaeroides, in which amino acids near the primary donor were substituted, was investigated by absorbance-detected magnetic resonance. (ADMR). The mutations are associated with the substitution of leucines at site L131 and M160 near the bacteriochlorophyll halves of the...
Article
The Raman spectra of a bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)-bacteriopheophytin (BPhe) heterodimeric primary electron donor from mutant Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers, where histidine M202 has been replaced by leucine, have been obtained in (pre)resonance with its lowest electronic Qy state using 1064 nm excitation. For reaction centers where the he...
Chapter
The primary processes of bacterial photosynthesis occur in a pigment-protein complex called the reaction center (RC) where light-induced electron transfer is initiated at the primary electron donor P, a dimer of two excitonically coupled bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules. These two BChls of P (PL and PM) interact with the L and M polypeptides of...
Article
Reaction centers of the LH(L131) and LH(M160) mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, which have a leucine near the primary donor, a bacteriochlorophyll dimer, changed into a histidine, have been investigated with linear-dichroic absorbance-detected magnetic resonance, and the results are compared with those obtained for native reaction centers. The mi...
Article
The properties of the primary electron donor in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides have been investigated in mutants containing a bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)--bacteriopheophytin (BPhe) dimer with and without hydrogen bonds to the conjugated carbonyl groups. The heterodimer mutation His M202 to Leu was combined with each of the following m...
Article
Full-text available
The rate of charge recombination from the primary quinone to the bacteriochlorophyll dimer of the reaction center from the photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been investigated using time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Measurements were performed at temperatures from 293 to 10 K on reaction centers that have specific mutatio...
Article
The cation radical of the primary donor, P•+, has been investigated in a set of mutants of Rb. sphaeroides with different hydrogen bonds to the special pair, using EPR/ENDOR spectroscopy. The results show that these mutants exhibit large variations in the distribution of the unpaired electron between the dimer halves of P dependent on the hydrogen...
Article
The primary electron donor in the photosynthetic reaction center from purple bacteria is a bacteriochlorophyll dimer containing four conjugated carbonyl groups that may form hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues. Spectroscopic analyses of a set of mutant reaction centers confirm that hydrogen bonds can be formed between each of these carbonyl gro...
Article
The electronic structure of the cation radical of the primary electron donor was investigated in genetically modified reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The site-directed mutations were designed to add or remove hydrogen bonds between the conjugated carbonyl groups of the primary donor, a bacteriochlorophyll dimer, and histidine residues...
Article
The electronic absorption and vibrational Raman spectra of mutant reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides bearing multiple site-specific mutations near the primary electron donor (P), a bacteriochlorophyll dimer, are reported. These mutations bear double and triple combinations of single-point mutations that alter the H-bonding interactions b...
Chapter
The reaction center (RC) of photosynthetic systems is the membrane-spanning protein which contains the pigments responsible for the primary light reactions. One crucial cofactor in the RC is the primary electron donor, P, which in photosynthetic bacterial RCs is a dimer of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules. Both BChl molecules constituting P eac...
Article
Reaction centers from two species of purple bacteria, Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodospirillum centenum, have been characterized and compared to reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodobacter capsulatus. The reaction centers purified from these four species can be divided into two classes according to the spectral characteristics of...
Article
The rate of electron transfer from cytochrome c2 to the bacteriochlorophyll dimer of the reaction center from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been investigated using time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Measurements were performed on a series of mutant reaction centers in which the midpoint potentials of the bacteriochloroph...
Article
The reaction center from the nonsulfur purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been crystallized in a new form. The crystals grew in the presence of polyethylene glycol 4000, the detergent beta-octyl glucoside, and the amphiphiles heptane triol and benzamidine hydrochloride, using the sitting drop method. The space group of these crystals is t...
Article
Full-text available
The effects of multiple changes in hydrogen bond interactions between the electron donor, a bacteriochlorophyll dimer, and histidine residues in the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides have been investigated. Site-directed mutations were designed to add or remove hydrogen bonds between the 2-acetyl groups of the dimer and histidine residue...
Article
Reaction centers (RCs) from four species of purple bacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and the recently discovered bacterium Rhodospirillum centenum, have been characterized by optical spectroscopy [Wang, S., Lin, X., Woodbury, N. W., & Allen, J. P. (1994) Photosynth. Res. (submitted for publication)] a...
Article
The kinetics of electron transfer of cytochrome c2 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsulatus, and Rhodospirillum centenum to reaction centers from Rb. sphaeroides and Rb. capsulatus have been measured. Observed in the kinetics of decay of the oxidized donor are a rapid first-order rate and one or more slower rates that are due to diffusi...
Article
Structural changes in chromatophores of Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center mutants associated with the substitution of amino acid residues near the primary electron donor P have been investigated by light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy. The single-site mutations Leu-L131 to His and Leu-M160 to His and the corresponding double mutation we...
Article
In this Letter, we report the three-dimensional experimental and calculated fs transient spectra of initial electron transfer in the bacterial reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The wavelength-dependent time constants are discussed. The theoretical model invokes multiple states, which are made up of lower and upper excitonic states of the...
Article
Two mutations, L168 His to Phe and L167 Phe to Leu, were made in residues near the primary electron donor, a bacteriochlorophyll dimer, of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Blue shifts of 10-15 nm in the 865-nm band of the donor were observed in the optical absorption spectra of both of the mutant reaction centers. The rate of initi...
Article
Mutations were made in four residues near the bacteriochlorophyll cofactors of the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. These mutations, L131 Leu to His and M160 Leu to His, near the dimer bacteriochlorophylls, and M203 Gly to Asp and L177 Ile to Asp, near the monomer bacteriochlorophylls, were designed to result in the plac...
Chapter
Electron transfer in bacterial reaction centers (RCs) is determined by the three-dimensional arrangement and by the electronic structure of the reacting pigments. The primary donor D — a bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) dimer — is of particular interest due to its specialized function in the primary charge separation step.1 The structure of BChl a, the p...
Chapter
Modulation of the redox midpoint potential of the initial electron donor is key for achieving electron transfer with high yields in photosynthetic systems. The initial electron donor in reaction centers of purple nonsulfur bacteria, P, has a much lower potential than the donor in photosystem II reaction centers, which are capable of oxidizing water...
Chapter
Spin density calculations were performed on the oxidized primary electron donor in reaction centers (RC’s) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26. The calculations were based on the all-valence-electron MO method RHF-INDO/SP and on the three-dimensional structure determined by X-ray diffraction. Results are compared with experimental isotropic hyperfine...
Chapter
The structure of the reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain R-26 has been refined to an R value of 21% at 2.8 Å resolution. Progress in the determination of modified RCs is described. In particular, the structure of RCs with only 1 quinone and with bound herbicide are reported.
Article
The primary reaction of photosynthesis is light-driven charge separation, carried out in reaction centres, which are complexes of integral membrane proteins and cofactors. The recent determination of the crystal structures of the reaction centres of two photosynthetic bacteria provides a basis for a quantitative understanding of the primary electro...
Article
The primary reaction of photosynthesis is light-driven charge separation, carried out in reaction centres, which are complexes of integral membrane proteins and cofactors. The recent determination of the crystal structures of the reaction centres of two photosynthetic bacteria provides a basis for a quantitative understanding of the primary electro...
Article
Membrane proteins participate in many fundamental cellular processes. Until recently, an understanding of the function and properties of membrane proteins was hampered by an absence of structural information at the atomic level. A landmark achievement toward understanding the structure of membrane proteins was the crystallization (1) and structure...
Article
Photosynthetic reaction centers from purple bacteria exhibit an approximate twofold symmetry axis, which relates both the cofactors and the L and M subunits. For the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, deviations from this twofold symmetry axis have been quantitated by superposing, by a 180 degrees rotation, the cofactors of the B branch...
Article
Photosynthetic reaction centers from purple bacteria exhibit an approximate twofold symmetry axis, which relates both the cofactors and the L and M subunits. For the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, deviations from this twofold symmetry axis have been quantitated by superposing, by a 180 degrees rotation, the cofactors of the B branch...
Article
The three-dimensional structure of the reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been determined by x-ray diffraction to a resolution of 2.8 A with an R value of 24%. The interactions of the protein with the primary quinone, QA, secondary quinone, QB, and the nonheme iron are described and compared to those of RCs from Rhodopseudomonas...
Article
The three-dimensional structures of the cofactors and protein subunits of the reaction center (RC) from the carotenoidless mutant strain of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 and the wild-type strain 2.4.1 have been determined by x-ray diffraction to resolutions of 2.8 A and 3.0 A with R values of 24% and 26%, respectively. The bacteriochlorophyll dimer...
Article
The three-dimensional structure of the reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been determined by x-ray diffraction to a resolution of 2.8 Å with an R value of 24%. The interactions of the protein with the primary quinone, Q_A, secondary quinone, Q_B, and the nonheme iron are described and compared to those of RCs from Rhodopseudomona...
Article
Detailed theories of electron transfer in reaction centers (RCs) require knowledge of their three dimensional structure. We have determined the structure of RCs from Rb. sphaeroides by x-ray diffraction of single crystals. Diffraction data of RCs from both the carotenoidless mutant, R-26, and the wild type strain, 2.4.1 were analyzed at resolutions...
Article
The energetics of membrane-protein interactions are analyzed with the three-dimensional model of the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The position of the RC in the membrane and the thickness of the membrane were obtained by minimizing the hydrophobic energy with the energy function of Eisenberg and McLachlan. The 2-...
Article
The three-dimensional structure of the protein subunits of the reaction center (RC) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been determined by x-ray diffraction at a resolution of 2.8 A with an R factor of 26%. The L and M subunits each contain five transmembrane helices and several helices that do not span the membrane. The L and M subunits are related to...
Article
The three-dimensional structure of the cofactors of the reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 has been determined by x-ray diffraction and refined at a resolution of 2.8 A with an R value of 26%. The main features of the structure are similar to the ones determined for Rhodopseudomonas viridis [Michel, H., Epp, O. & Deisenhofer, J. (1986)...
Article
The three-dimensional structure of the cofactors of the reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 has been determined by x-ray diffraction and refined at a resolution of 2.8 Å with an R value of 26%. The main features of the structure are similar to the ones determined for Rhodopseudomonas viridis [Michel, H., Epp, O. & Deisenhofer, J. (1986)...
Article
Crystals of the reaction center (RC) from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides with the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), have been studied by x-ray diffraction. The Patterson search (molecular replacement) technique was used to analyze the data, with the structure of the reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas viridis as a model system. A preliminary electron dens...
Article
Crystals of the reaction center (RC) from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides with the space group P2_12_12_1, have been studied by x-ray diffraction. The Patterson search (molecular replacement) technique was used to analyze the data, with the structure of the reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas viridis as a model system. A preliminary electron density...
Chapter
Crude chromatophore membranes of R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 were purified by differential centrifugation and suspended in buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 2mM Tris — EDTA) to a final absorbance A 8501cm. An equal volume of 1.6% (w/v) β;-D-octylglucopyranoside (βOG) in water was added at room temperature, and the resulting solubilizate centrifuged at ~2×10...
Article
Reaction centers (RCs), integral membrane proteins that mediate the conversion of light into chemical energy, were crystallized by two different vapor diffusion techniques. In one method, small amphipathic molecules (1,2,3-heptanetriol and triethylammonium phosphate) were added to the RCs that had been solubilized in detergent. In the second method...

Citations

... The long-lived P + Q A state in bRCs has recently been shown to be linked to the proton release capability of a hydrogenbond network that is formed by amino acid residues and bound water molecules near P (Allen et al., 2023). These regions, and similar networks in PSII, are proposed to be involved in the polarization of the RC matrix and thus in the dielectric relaxation processes . ...
... Hybrid complexes with protein domains having novel molecules as bound cofactors have been employed as a strategy for producing functional proteins that recognize molecular features or are capable of performing energy transfer (Mancini et al. 2017;Grayson et al. 2017;Liu et al. 2020;Yang et al. 2021). In previous work, we have shown that Mn or protoporphyrin IX cofactors bound to de novo proteins can dock on the periplasmic surface of the reaction center and reduce the oxidized bacteriochlorophyll dimer, P + (Olson et al. 2016Espiritu et al. 2020;Allen et al. 2022). In this study, we utilize a hybrid fusion framework with a de novo protein genetically fused to the reaction center to investigate the potential for new electron transfer reactions. ...
... For the first time it was possible to assign ENDOR lines unambiguously to the individual dimer halves of the primary donor cation. This work on the electronic structure of the primary donor in bacterial photosynthesis formed the basis for a large number of further studies on this species; see for example [66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. It has been discussed that such an asymmetry in the electronic structure of P Áþ 865 might represent an important functional factor in controlling the vectorial properties of photosynthetic electron transfer to achieve a high quantum yield. ...
... Comparison of the structures of the paired chromophores in the purple bacterial reaction center and allophycocyanin, respectively, would at first glance suggest that the two systems should exhibit very different excitation energy transfer dynamics. The BChls in P are nearly in van der Waals contact with each other (Deisenhofer et al. 1984;Komiya et al. 1988), whereas the bilins in allophycocyanin are ∼10-12 Å apart for the nearest pyrrole rings and ∼ 20 Å center to center (Brejc et al. 1995). Nevertheless, the exciton internal conversion processes in the two systems apparently occur on the same timescale, ∼30 fs. ...
... Furthermore, studies of the interaction of RC with electrodes are a good model for the analysis of mechanisms of interprotein electron transfer (ET) (Haas et al., 2001; Jeuken, 2003; Khoshtariya et al., 2003; Willner et al., 1999). The advantages of using RCs from purple non-sulfur bacteria for electrode functionalization are in their simplicity since their molecular structure is well determined by X-ray crystallography (Allen et al., 1987; Deisenhofer et al., 1985; Lancaster and Michel, 1999) and they have a broad spectral sensitivity (from UV to near IR). These RCs are composed of three polypeptides H, L, and M. The polypeptides L and M, each forming five transmembrane -helices, are arranged in two-fold symmetry, whereas the H polypeptide is located at the cytoplasmic surface and binds to both L and M. A dimer of bacteriochlorophylls, so called the primary donor (P), two monomer bacteriochlorophylls (B A and B B ), two bacteriopheophytins (H A and H B ), two quinones (Q A and Q B ) and one iron are all non-covalently The orientation of RC on a Ni–NTA SAM. ...
... The PSI structural models (9,10) clearly identify the ET cofactors, which are organized into two symmetric chains with respect to the pseudo-C 2 symmetry axis parallel to the membrane plane. This is a common structural feature of all photosynthetic RCs whose structure is known (i.e., the purple bacterial RC (11,12), PSI (9,10), and PSII (13,14)). The photochem- ical and redox active cofactors are principally coordinated by the RC subunits PsaA and PsaB, which form a trans- membrane heterodimer. ...
... To date, only two principle architectural types are known that are suitable for this anisotropic environment: α-helical bundles and β-barrels (Figure 3) (von Heijne, 1994; 1996). Insights into these structures have been attained using electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography (Henderson and Unwin, 1975; Allen et al., 1988; Caffrey, 2003). However, high-resolution structure determination for membrane proteins remains a tedious and difficult task (Lacapère et al., 2007). ...
... Many efforts have been made to understand this nearunity quantum efficiency. X-ray crystal structures show that light-powered charge separation is accomplished by (bacterio) chlorin cofactors embedded in a protein matrix that spans the photosynthetic membrane (Feher et al. 1989). In the RC of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter (Rba.) ...
... For the first time it was possible to assign ENDOR lines unambiguously to the individual dimer halves of the primary donor "special pair". This work on the electronic structure of the primary donor formed the basis for a large number of further studies on this species, see for example [133,[190][191][192][193][194][195][196], leading to a deeper understanding of the role of the dimer in biological electron transfer [133,197,198]. Subsequently, similar ENDOR studies were performed on the primary donors, + 700 P  and + 680 P  , in the reaction centers of oxygenic photosynthesis, PS I and PS II [199][200][201][202]. ...
... Accordingly, many laboratories studied and reported the different aspects of photosynthesis in purple bacteria R. capsulatus, R. sphaeroides, R. palustris, Bradyrhizobium and R. gelatinosus (Allen et al., 1988;Bauer et al., 1993;Lang & Hunter, 1994). ...