J. M. Riley's research while affiliated with University of Cambridge and other places
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Publications (74)
We present 15-GHz Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations of a complete sample of radio galaxies selected at 15.7 GHz from the Tenth Cambridge (10C) survey. 67 out of the 95 sources (71 per cent) are unresolved in the new observations and lower frequency radio observations, placing an upper limit on their angular size of ∼2 arcsec. Thus, compa...
We present 15-GHz Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations of a complete sample of radio galaxies selected at 15.7 GHz from the Tenth Cambridge (10C) survey. 67 out of the 95 sources (71 per cent) are unresolved in the new observations and lower-frequency radio observations, placing an upper limit on their angular size of ~2 arcsec. Thus compac...
In an earlier paper (2007), we used follow-up observations of a sample of sources from the 9C survey at 15.2 GHz to derive a set of spectral-index distributions up to a frequency of 90 GHz. These were based on simultaneous measurements made at 15.2 GHz with the Ryle telescope and at 22 and 43 GHz with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). We u...
Empirical simulations based on extrapolations from well-established low-frequency (< 5 GHz) surveys fail to accurately model the faint, high frequency (> 10 GHz) source population; they underpredict the number of observed sources by a factor of 2 below S18GHz = 10 mJy and fail to reproduce the observed spectral index distribution. We suggest that t...
We present 610-MHz Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations of 0.84 deg$^2$ of the AMI001 field (centred on $00^{\rm h} 23^{\rm m} 10^{\rm s}$, $+31^{\circ} 53'$) with an r.m.s. noise of 18 $\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ in the centre of the field. 955 sources are detected, and 814 are included in the source count analysis. The source counts from these ob...
We present deep 15.7 GHz observations made with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array in two fields previously observed
as part of the Tenth Cambridge (10C) survey. These observations allow the source counts to be calculated down to 0.1 mJy,
a factor of 5 deeper than achieved by the 10C survey. The new source counts are consistent with the e...
A complete, flux density limited sample of 96 faint (>0.5 mJy) radio sources is selected from the 10C survey at 15.7 GHz in
the Lockman Hole. We have matched this sample to a range of multi-wavelength catalogues, including Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey, Spitzer Wide-area Infrared Extragalactic survey, United Kingdom Infrared Te...
In this paper, results are presented from 93.2-GHz observations of 80 9C
sources from the samples of Bolton et al. 2004, Cat. J/MNRAS/354/485.
The six 10.4-m diameter and nine 6.1-m diameter CARMA (Combined Array
for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy) antennas were used to make
93.2-GHz observations of the sources in the 00h field in nine days...
Flux densities at 15.7GHz, 1.4GHz and 610MHz along with radio spectral
indices are given for 296 sources selected at 15.7GHz from the Lockman
Hole fields of the Tenth Cambridge (10C) survey (AMI Consortium: Davies
et al. 2011, Cat. J/MNRAS/415/2708, AMI Consortium: Franzen et al.
2011MNRAS.415.2699F). All 610-MHz flux densities come from the GMRT
s...
The 10C survey of radio sources is being made with the Arcminute
Microkelvin Imager (AMI) Large Array at 15.7GHz and a resolution of
approximately 30-arcsec. The regions surveyed correspond to the fields
chosen for the CMB observations of the AMI Small Array. The survey
fields cover an area of ~27deg2 complete to ~1.0mJy. Results
for some deeper ar...
We have studied a sample of 296 faint (> 0.5 mJy) radio sources selected from
an area of the Tenth Cambridge (10C) survey at 15.7 GHz in the Lockman Hole. By
matching this catalogue to several lower frequency surveys (e.g. including a
deep GMRT survey at 610 MHz, a WSRT survey at 1.4 GHz, NVSS, FIRST and WENSS)
we have investigated the radio spectr...
An earlier survey (Garn et al., 2008, Cat. J/MNRAS/387/1037) had 12
pointings covering ~5 square degrees in the centre of the Lockman Hole,
and here a further 26 pointings in the outer parts of the Lockman Hole
are added, to cover a total of ~14 square degrees. To match the earlier
survey, images were made with a resolution of 6"x5", position angle...
We present further observations of the Lockman Hole field, made with the
Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 610 MHz with a resolution of 6 x 5 arcsec^2.
These complement our earlier observations of the central approx 5 deg^2 by
covering a further approx 8 deg^2, with an r.m.s. noise down to ~80 microJy
beam^-1. A catalogue of 4934 radio sources is...
In a long-term observing project we have imaged a complete sample of FRII quasars and radio galaxies with z < 1.0 at high resolution and high sensitivity with the VLA and MERLIN. This sample of 98 sources includes 15 quasars, 11 broad line radio galaxies and 57 narrow line radio galaxies, allowing unification to be considered in terms of source mor...
We present a final unified catalogue for the 7C survey at 151 MHz with resolution 70x70cosec(dec) arcsec2. This has been constructed by amalgamating the existing catalogues derived from individual fields imaged at this resolution and eliminating redundancy in regions of mutual overlap. This is a non-trivial procedure because the flux in multiple-co...
We present a final unified catalogue for the 7C survey at 151 MHz with resolution 70 × 70 cosec(δ) arcsec2. This has been constructed by amalgamating the existing catalogues derived from individual fields imaged at this resolution
and eliminating redundancy in regions of mutual overlap. This is a non-trivial procedure because the flux in multiple-c...
We assembled a flux-limited sample of 121 sources, complete to 25mJy at 15GHz, from three areas of the 9C survey. All the sources had a complete set of simultaneously measured flux densities at frequencies of 1.4, 4.8, 15.2, 22 and 43GHz apart from 11 of them, for which some observations were missing. (1 data file).
Observations of the ELAIS-N1 field taken at 610MHz with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope are presented. Nineteen pointings were observed, covering a total area of 9 square degrees with a resolution of 6x5arcsec2, PA=45deg. Four of the pointings were deep observations with an rms of ~40uJy before primary beam correction, with the remaining fiftee...
We have used multi-frequency follow-up observations of a sample of extragalactic sources from the 9C survey at 15 GHz to make deductions about the expected source population at higher radio frequencies, such as those in the lower frequency bands of the Planck Surveyor satellite. In particular, we have made empirical estimates of the source counts a...
Observations of the Spitzer extragalactic First Look Survey field taken
at 610MHz with the Giant Metre-wave Radio Telescope are presented. Seven
individual pointings were observed, covering a total area of 4 square
degrees with a resolution of 5.8x4.7arcsec2, PA=60{deg}. The
r.m.s. noise at the centre of the pointings is between 27 and 30uJy
before...
High-resolution, high-sensitivity 8.4- and 5-GHz VLA observations and 5-GHz MERLIN observations are presented for 32 FRII radio sources with 0.6 < z≤ 1.0 from the 3CRR sample. These data conclude a long-term project in which high-sensitivity, high-resolution observations of a complete sample of 97 FRII quasars and radio galaxies with z≤ 1.0 have be...
We present results from a 3-yr study of the 15-GHz variability of 51 9C sources. 48 of these sources make up a subsample of
a larger one complete to 25 mJy in 9C, and as the sources are selected pseudo-randomly the results should be representative
of the complete sample. 29 per cent of this subsample are found to be variable above the flux calibrat...
9C J1503+4528 is a very young compact steep spectrum radio galaxy, with an age of the order of 104 yr. This source is therefore an ideal laboratory for the study of the intrinsic host galaxy/intergalactic medium properties, interactions between the radio source and surrounding interstellar medium, links between star formation and active galactic nu...
In this paper, we present subarcsecond resolution observations of 36 compact sources from the 15h region of the 15-GHz 9th Cambridge survey. These sources all have previously measured simultaneous continuum radio spectra spanning 1.4–43 GHz and we classify each source by fitting a quadratic function to its spectrum. Using the Multi-Element Radio-Li...
Simultaneous continuum snapshot observations were made for each source at frequencies of 1.4, 4.8, 22 and 43GHz with the VLA of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory and at 15GHz with the Ryle Telescope. In addition, 51 sources from the 00h field were observed within a few months at 31 GHz with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) 40-m tele...
We present some preliminary results from a deep radio survey of the
Spitzer extragalactic First Look Survey field made at 610 MHz with the
Giant Metrewave radio Telescope. For typical synchrotron radio spectra,
these observations are comparable in sensitivity to the existing deep
VLA 1.4-GHz survey of this field. The radio spectral indices of a sam...
We have carried out extensive radio and optical follow-up of 176 sources from the 15-GHz 9th Cambridge survey. Optical identifications have been found for 155 of the radio sources; optical images are given with radio maps overlaid. The continuum radio spectrum of each source spanning the frequency range 1.4–43 GHz is also given.
Two flux-limited sa...
We present high-resolution Very Large Array and Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network observations of the 27 FR II radio galaxies and quasars with 0.3 < z < 0.6 from the sample of Laing, Riley & Longair (1983). The jet detection rate is similar to that found in the lower-power, lower-redshift studies carried out using similar observing...
A complete sample of 3CR sources has now been observed with the 5-km telescope at 5GHz. The sample was selected according to the following criteria: (a) The flux density of each individual source at 178MHz is greater than or equal to 10Jy according to the compilation given by Kellermann et al. (1969ApJ...157....1K). (b) DE>10°. (c) |b|>10°. There a...
The Cambridge Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used to produce a representative sample of low-frequency variable
sources. 20 fields, each covering an area of approximately 9°×9° cosec δ, have been observed at 151 MHz at between 2 and 10 epochs over the period from 1984 to 1996. At each epoch, maps were made
with rms noise levels of typica...
The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used at 151 MHz to survey three regions centred at RA 10h05m, Dec. 53°54′, RA 10h42m, Dec. 57°36′ and RA 13h32m, Dec. 38°10′, each of area 7.3×7.3 cosec δ deg2. The resolution is 70×70 cosec δ arcsec2, and the rms noise on the maps is typically 15 mJy beam−1. We present positions and flux den...
High-resolution observations, made with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 330 MHz, 1.4 GHz and 8.4 GHz and with the Ryle Telescope
at 15 GHz, are presented of a sample of 23 sources which are variable at 151 MHz, concluding the observations of an unbiased
sample of 40 such sources. The 8.4 GHz emission of almost all of the sources is dominated by struc...
The Cambridge Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used to produce a representative sample of low-frequency variable sources. 20 fields, each covering an area of approximately 9{deg}x9{deg}cosecDE, have been observed at 151MHz at between 2 and 10 epochs over the period from 1984 to 1996. At each epoch, maps were made with rms noise levels of...
We show that for a sample of radio sources with z<0.5 from the complete LRL data set the broad-lined radio galaxies (BLRGs) have hotspots that are very much more recessed than their narrow-lined counterparts. The asymmetry in the amount by which the hotspots are recessed in the two lobes of a source is also greater in the BLRGs. Assuming the standa...
VLA maps of total intensity and fractional polarization at 3.6 cm are presented for eleven radio galaxies, part of a sample of 29 nearby radio galaxies with P 178 ? 1:5 Theta 10 25 W Hz Gamma1 sr Gamma1 . Ten have classical double structure. The hotspots in all of these are well resolved. We have discovered a one-sided jet in 3C 135, as well as ima...
We present high-resolution VLA observations at 8.4 GHz of the seventeen FR II radio galaxies with 0.15 < z < 0.30 and θLAS < 190 arcsec from the sample of Laing, Riley & Longair, together with 5-GHz MERLIN observations of one source. Jets have
been discovered in 3C 20, 4C 14.11, 3C 234 and 3C436, and well imaged for the first time in a number of ot...
The nearby FRI radio source 3C 66B has been studied with the VLA at 1.5, 8 and 15 GHz with high resolution and sensitivity.
The first detailed maps of the counterjet are presented. Polarization maps in the jet and counterjet are shown; in each a
resolved parallel-field region surrounds a central core which changes from a parallel to a perpendicular...
In a previous paper we presented measurements of the properties of jets and cores in a large sample of FR II radio galaxies with z<0.3. Here we test, by means of Monte Carlo simulations, the consistency of those data with models in which the prominences of cores and jets are determined by relativistic beaming. We conclude that relativistic beaming...
The 7C survey of radio sources is being made with the Cambridge Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope at 151MHz, with an angular resolution of 70x70cosecdelta.arcsec2. We present the results from one part of of this survey covering 0.144sr in two areas of sky centred at RA=10h28min, DE=41° and RA=06h28min, DE=45° and reaching a limiting flux density of...
The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used at 151MHz to survey three regions centred at RA=10h05min, DE=53{deg}54', RA=10h42min, DE=57{deg}36' and RA=13h32min, DE=38{deg}10', each of area 7.3x7.3cosec(DE)deg2. The resolution is 70x70cosec(DE)arcsec2, and the rms noise on the maps is typically 15mJy/beam. We present positions and...
In previous papers we have discussed high-resolution observations of a
large sample of powerful radio galaxies with z<0.3. Jets are detected
in up to 80 per cent of the sample, and radio cores in nearly all the
objects; in addition, we are able to resolve the hotspots in most
sources. In this paper we present measurements of the radio properties
of...
Global VLBI snapshot observations at 1.6 GHz (5 EVN + 4 VLBA) of a sample of low-frequency variable (LFV) radio sources found using the Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope (CLFST) are presented. Variability at 151 MHz is almost certainly due to propagation effects in our Galaxy (\eg, refractive interstellar scintillation). Theory indicates...
Global VLBI snapshot observations at 1.6 GHz (5 EVN + 4 VLBA) of a sample of low-frequency variable (LFV) radio sources found using the Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope (CLFST) are presented. Variability at 151 MHz is almost certainly due to propagation effects in our Galaxy (e.g., refractive interstellar scintillation). Theory indicates...
VLA maps of total intensity and fractional polarization at λ3.6 cm are presented for 11 radio galaxies, part of a sample of
29 nearby radio galaxies with P178 > 1.5 × 1025 W Hz−1 sr−1. Ten have classical double structure. The hotspots in all of these are well resolved. We have discovered a one-sided jet
in 3C 135, as well as imaging the known jets...
We present high-resolution VLA observations at 8.4 GHz of the seventeen
FRII radio galaxies with 0.15<z<0.30 and theta_LAS<190 arcsec
from the sample of Laing, Riley & Longair, together with 5-GHz
MERLIN observations of one source. Jets have been discovered in 3C20,
4C14.11, 3C234 and 3C436, and well imaged for the first time in a number
of other o...
We present observations made with the VLA at 1.5 and 8.4 GHz of the nearby
FRI radio galaxy 3C296. The most recent models of FRI radio galaxies suggest
that substantial deceleration must take place in their jets, with strongly
relativistic velocities on parsec scales giving place to at most mildly
relativistic velocities on scales of tens of kilopa...
The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used to survey a region ~7x7deg2 about the North Ecliptic Cap at 151MHz with a resolution of 70x77arcsec2. The resulting radio source catalogue of 400 sources is complete to a peak flux density limit of 120mJy/beam. Using the Cambridge APM we have searched for identifications on the Palomar S...
The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used at 151 MHz to survey a region of 1393 deg2, in the range RA 9h–16h, Dec. 20°–35°, with an angular resolution of 108 × 108 cosec δ arcsec2. The rms noise on the maps is, in general, ∼ 35–55 mJy beam−1, but varies considerably and exceeds this in some areas. We have extracted sources with...
The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used at 151 MHz
to survey a region of 1393 deg^2, in the range RA 9^h-16^h, Dec. 20
deg-35 deg, with an angular resolution of 108x108 cosec delta arcsec^2.
The rms noise on the maps is, in general, ~35-55 mJy beam^-1, but varies
considerably and exceeds this in some areas. We have extracted s...
The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used at 151 MHz to survey a region of 1393 square degrees, in the range RA 9h to 16h, Dec 20deg to 35deg, with an angular resolution of 108x108cosec(dec) arcsec2. The rms noise on the maps is in general ~35-55 mJy/beam but varies considerably and exceeds this in some areas. We have extracted...
The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used to survey
a region ~=7x7 deg^2 about the North Ecliptic Cap at 151 MHz with a
resolution of 70x77 arcsec^2. The resulting radio source catalogue of
400 sources is complete to a peak flux density limit of 120 mJy beam^-1.
Using the Cambridge APM we have searched for identifications on the...
The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used at 151MHz
to survey a region of 418 square degrees centred at RA 17h, Dec 65deg,
which includes the North Ecliptic Cap. The resolution is 70x70''cosec
δ and the rms noise on the maps is 25mJy.beam^-1^. We present
positions and flux densities for 2702 sources which have a signal to
noise...
The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope has been used at 151MHz to survey a region of 418 square degrees centred at RA=17h, DE=65deg, which includes the North Ecliptic Cap. The resolution is 70x70"cosec{delta} and the rms noise on the maps is 25mJy/beam. We present positions and flux densities for 2702 sources which have a signal to noise r...
High-resolution VLA and Ryle Telescope observations, at 0.33,1.5,8.4 and
15 GHz are presented of a complete sample of 20 radio sources that are
variable at 151 MHz. In 18 of the sources, the emission is dominated by
structure on a scale <= 0.1 arcsec at 8.4 GHz; the spectra of these
compact components indicate that structure on this scale probably...
An earlier paper by Waldram & McGilchrist has described the use of
beam- sets in the analysis of wide-field maps from the Cambridge Low
Frequency Synthesis Telescope (CLFST) to produce source catalogues.
There the main emphasis was on the application of the method to
unresolved point sources. This paper contains more details of source
analysis on t...
An image of the nucleus of the giant quasar 4C 74.26 made using very
long baseline interferometry at a frequency of 5 GHz shows a one-sided,
parsec-scale jet that is well aligned with the 400-kpc jet seen in VLA
images. If the jet asymmetry is due to Doppler boosting, the axis of the
source cannot lie close to the plane of the sky. The radio spectr...
Observations are presented of 31 sources in the 6C 2-Jy sample whose
radio structures have hitherto been poorly determined. Twenty-nine of
these sources with angular sizes not greater than 10 arcsec have been
mapped by using the VLA with resolutions between 0.15 and 1.5 arcsec;
the other two have been mapped using the 5-km Ryle Telescope with a
res...
VLA maps of total intensity and fractional polarization at 3.6 cm are presented for eight radio galaxies, part of a sample
of 30 nearby FRII sources with $P_{178}\gt 2 \times 10^{25}\enspace \text {W} \enspace \text{Hz}^{-1}\enspace\text {sr}^{-1}$. High-sensitivity images of the hotspots (with resolutions of 0.25 and 0.75 arcsec and average noise...
The paper presents VLA maps of total intensity and fractional
polarization at 3.6 cm for eight radio galaxies, part of a sample of 30
nearby FRII sources with P178 greater than 2 x 10 exp 25 W/Hz
sr. High-sensitivity images of the hotspots (with resolutions of 0.25
and 0.75 arcsec and average noise levels of about 30 micro-Jy) show
strikingly diffe...
Observations with the VLA of the giant quasar 4C74.26 have revealed a
one- sided jet at least 400 kpc long, confirming that such jets occur
even in the largest known quasars and indicating that the effects of
relativistic beaming are important in quasars whose axes make fairly
large angles (~45^deg^) to the line-of-sight.
The 7C survey of radio sources is being made with the Cambridge
Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope at 151 MHz, with an angular resolution
of 70 x 70 cosec δ arcsec^2^. We present the results from one part
of of this survey covering 0.144 sr in two areas of sky centred at RA
10^h^ 2S^m^, Dec. 41^deg^ and RA 06^h^ 28^m^, Dec. 45^deg^ and reaching
a li...
Variability in the 151-MHz flux density of radio sources, on a
time-scale of 1 yr, has been investigated using the Cambridge Low
Frequency Synthesis Telescope in a complete sample of 811 unresolved
sources with S_151_ > 0.3 Jy. The wide field of view of the telescope
permits simultaneous observations of ~150 sources above ~0.3 Jy and
enables relati...
This paper is the first in a series on a comparative study of 'normal'
and colour-selected IRAS galaxies, presenting VLA observations of two
complete samples. In agreement with other workers we find that our
IRAS-selected galaxies occur in groups but there is a high percentage of
systems in which we detect radio emission from both galaxies. We disc...
The paper presents optical spectroscopy of ten objects associated with
extragalactic radiosources, using the University of Hawaii 2.2-m
telescope. Redshifts are measured for four radiogalaxies (B20217+36A+B,
3C73, 0648+19A, and 0648+19B) and for a galaxy which is probably
associated with a double radiosource with highly unusual properties
(0951+37)...
Observations of the radio source 4C74.26 with the Cambridge
Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope have shown it to be a 10-arcmin
double. It is identified with a quasar with a redshift of 0.104,
measured with the University of Hawaii 88-inch telescope, giving the
source a projected linear size of 1.6 Mpc and making it the
largest-known radio source ass...
Maps of 30 bright extragalactic radio sources within 10 deg of the
Galactic plane are presented. High-resolution maps are now available for
all 3 CR sources and all other known sources with S(178) greater than 10
Jy and Dec. greater than 10 deg in the region. Identifications on the
Palomar Sky Survey have been searched for, and nine new candidate
i...
We study the polarization of 31 bright radio sources at four wavelengths with high sensitivity and at arcsec resolution. The
objectives were to determine accurately the distribution of rotation measure (RM); to study the magnetic field structures in the faint regions of the sources; and to investigate the contribution of the
Galactic foreground to...
Optical identifications have been found for the bright radio sources 4C 74.16, 3C 292, and 4C 51.40, using a CCD camera on the Kitt Peak 0.9-m telescope. The faint galaxy associated with 4C 14.27 was confirmed. The field around 4C 13.66 was empty to a limiting magnitude of R approximately equal to 21.5.
Redshifts have been measured for five optical objects associated with extragalactic radio sources. They are 0.1047, 0.1204,
0.0837 and 0.0600 for the radio galaxies 0.908 + 37, 1141 + 37, 1227 + 11 and 1739 + 17 respectively and 0.2842 for the quasar
1255 + 37.
The far-infrared radio correlation is used to probe the variation of the magnetic field in galaxies with redshift. New observations of the Spitzer extragalactic First Look Survey field at 610 MHz with the Giant Metre Wave Ratio Telescope are presented. A sample of objects is defined in the First Look Survey field which are detected at both 24 and 7...
Citations
... The second dataset comprises GMRT data observed at frequencies ranging from 32 MHz to 610 MHz in 24 channels. This data was presented in Whittam et al. (2017), and its wide-field imaging was performed in AIPS using multiple image facets. The observations cover the field AMI001 of 0.84 deg 2 centred on (00 ℎ 23 10 , +31 • 53 ). ...
... Wilman et al. 2008;Bonaldi et al. 2019). For example, Whittam et al. (2013Whittam et al. ( , 2017Whittam et al. ( , 2020 use 15 GHz radio observations to show that there are a population of faint radio sources which are not included in simulated source counts (e.g. Wilman et al. 2008). ...
... Wilman et al. 2008;Bonaldi et al. 2019). For example, Whittam et al. (2013Whittam et al. ( , 2017Whittam et al. ( , 2020 use 15 GHz radio observations to show that there are a population of faint radio sources which are not included in simulated source counts (e.g. Wilman et al. 2008). ...
... Meanwhile, the source should have flux measurements at multiple frequency bands. In this analysis, we use 10 radio sources with flux measurements at 74 MHz (Cohen et al. 2007), 151 MHz (Waldram et al. 1996), 365 MHz (Douglas et al. 1996), 408 MHz (Colla et al. 1972), 1.4 GHz (Condon et al. 1998), and 4.85 GHz (Becker et al. 1991. The flux of these 10 sources is listed in Table 2. ...
... Most important for studies on star formation, and the scope of this manuscript, high-frequency observations are sensitive to free-free emission that is a better dustunbiased tracer of "current" star formation (e.g., Murphy et al. 2011), as opposed to synchrotron that traces cumulative history of star formation. These science topics have motivated high-frequency extragalactic surveys at ≈ 10 − 20 GHz (Bolton et al. 2004;Sadler et al. 2006;Whittam et al. 2016;Huynh et al. 2019) and even 95 GHz (Sadler et al. 2008;González-López et al. 2019); nevertheless, most of the these surveys reached depths ≳ 0.1 mJy where the dominant radio source population are AGNs. In a pioneering effort to probe the highfrequency extragalactic sky at µJy levels, Richards et al. (1998) and Fomalont et al. (2002) carried out singlepointing VLA observations at ≈ 8.5 GHz that reached up to a ≈ 1.5 µJy beam −1 sensitivity and synthesized beam with FWHM of 3. ′′ 5, which helped demonstrating that there is an increasing contribution from SFGs to the total radio source population in the µJy regime. ...
... These galaxies typically have high stellar masses, and are bright in the IRAC bands, with > 95% of faint radio sources identified in SERVS (e.g. Luchsinger et al. 2015;Whittam et al. 2015;Mahony et al. 2016;Ocran et al. 2017;Singh et al. 2017;Cotton et al. 2018;Prandoni et al. 2018;Ocran et al. 2020a;Ishwara-Chandra et al. 2020). The small population of infrared-faint radio sources (IFRS) that are unidentified, or very faint, in the IRAC bands seem to represent a population of dustreddened, high-radio-loud AGN (Norris et al. 2011;Herzog et al. 2014;Maini et al. 2016). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272137697099788-1441894091705_Q64/Mattia_Vaccari.jpg)
... Spatially resolved spectroscopy reveals that the kinematics of the emission line gas are consistent with the emission line clouds having been shocked by the radio source and accelerated outward (Chatzichristou et al. 1999;O'Dea et al. 2002;Holt et al. 2008;Shih et al. 2013;Reynaldi and Feinstein 2013). The excitation of the aligned emission line gas is generally consistent with shocks combined with AGN photo-ionization (De Breuck et al. 2000;Best et al. 2000;Moy and Rocca-Volmerange 2002;Inskip et al. 2002Inskip et al. , 2006Labiano et al. 2005;Holt et al. 2009;Shih et al. 2013;Feinstein 2013, 2016). Thus, the alignment effect in CSS sources is a signature of radio-jet feedback to the host galaxy ISM and is discussed further in Sect. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272345717800996-1441943688002_Q64/Garret-Cotter.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/862239959547904-1582585434801_Q64/Timothy-Pearson-4.jpg)
... (Ref):(1)Black et al. (1992), (2)Leahy et al. (1997),(3)Hardcastle et al. (1997), (4)Gilbert et al. (2004), (5)Mullin et al. (2006). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272312591187969-1441935789066_Q64/Stefi-Baum.jpg)
... (Ref):(1)Black et al. (1992), (2)Leahy et al. (1997),(3)Hardcastle et al. (1997), (4)Gilbert et al. (2004), (5)Mullin et al. (2006). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/877240082501632-1586161742005_Q64/Martin-Hardcastle.jpg)
... The central core is unresolved on a resolution of 3 5 (∼5 kpc) and has a flux density of S 5.5 = 5.1 mJy. The southern and northern lobes have projected lengths of 93.5 kpc (62 2) and 83.9 kpc (55 7) from the central core, respectively, which are similar to the jet sizes in FR II radio galaxies (Hardcastle et al. 1998;Kharb et al. 2008). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/278922697691138-1443511761252_Q64/Paul-Alexander.jpg)
