Hongrui Jiang's research while affiliated with University of Wisconsin–Madison and other places

Publications (170)

Article
We developed an ankle-worn gait monitoring system for tracking gait parameters, including length, width, and height. The system utilizes ankle bracelets equipped with wide-angle infrared (IR) stereo cameras tasked with monitoring a marker on the opposing ankle. A computer vision algorithm we have also developed processes the imaged marker positions...
Article
Full-text available
A real-time 3D visualization (RT3DV) system using a multiview RGB camera array is presented. RT3DV can process multiple synchronized video streams to produce a stereo video of a dynamic scene from a chosen view angle. Its design objective is to facilitate 3D visualization at the video frame rate with good viewing quality. To facilitate 3D vision, R...
Article
We report the real time characterization and measurement results of a new tri-axial capacitive sensing array. Each unit cell of the Kapton based sensor has an overlapping electrode geometry that allows for the measurement of normal and shear force magnitudes, and the estimation of the 2D and 3D angle of the shear force. The use of a patterned Ecofl...
Article
Full-text available
Commercially available biomedical wearable sensors to measure tensile force/strain still struggle with miniaturization in terms of weight, size, and conformability. Flexible and epidermal electronic devices have been utilized in these applications to overcome these issues. However, current sensors still require a power supply and some form of power...
Article
Full-text available
Existing laparoscopic surgery systems use a single laparoscope to visualize the surgical area with a limited field of view (FoV), necessitating maneuvering the laparoscope to search a target region. In some cases, the laparoscope needs to be moved from one surgical port to another one to detect target organs. These maneuvers would cause longer surg...
Article
An artificial eye has been reported that incorporates densely packed, nanometre-scale light sensors into a hemispherical retina-like component. Some of its sensory capabilities are comparable to that of its biological counterpart. A sensory device that mimics the structure of the human eye.
Article
Full-text available
Natural visual systems have inspired scientists and engineers to mimic their intriguing features for the development of advanced photonic devices that can provide better solutions than conventional ones. Among various kinds of natural eyes, researchers have had intensive interest in mammal eyes and compound eyes due to their advantages in optical p...
Article
Full-text available
Tunable-focus liquid lenses provide focal length tuning for optical systems, e.g., cameras, where physical movement of rigid lenses are not an option or not preferable. In this work we present a magnetically actuated liquid lens utilizing the Lorentz force to vary the focal length as the current through the system is varied. The resulting lens can...
Article
Glaucoma is a group of characteristic optic neuropathies that collectively are the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major causal risk factor. While the fundamental mechanisms of the IOP elevation and consequent optic neuropathy are not well understood, recent studies have indicated that th...
Article
Full-text available
We have fabricated a fully-flexible, focus-tunable microlens array on a sheet and demonstrated its imaging capabilities. Each liquid lens of the array is individually tunable via electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) actuation and is situated on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, which allows the lens array to operate as a reconfigurable optica...
Article
Full-text available
In this paper, we propose a novel multi-view image denoising algorithm based on convolutional neural network (MVCNN). Multi-view images are arranged into 3D focus image stacks (3DFIS) according to different disparities. The MVCNN is trained to process each 3DFIS and generate a denoised image stack that contains the recovered image information for r...
Article
Full-text available
The quality and the extent of intra-abdominal visualization are critical to a laparoscopic procedure. Currently, a single laparoscope is inserted into one of the laparoscopic ports to provide intra-abdominal visualization. The extent of this field of view (FoV) is rather restricted and may limit efficiency and the range of operations. Here we repor...
Article
Full-text available
An optimal camera placement problem is investigated. The objective is to maximize the area of the field of view (FoV) of a stitched video obtained by stitching video streams from an array of cameras. The positions and poses of these cameras are restricted to a given set of selections. The camera array is designed to be placed inside the abdomen to...
Article
In this paper, we introduce a novel multi-view image denoising algorithm using 3D focus image stacks (3DFIS) to exploit image redundancy within and across views. Robust disparity map is first estimated using the 3DFIS with texture-based view selection and patch-size variation scheme. Leveraging both 3DFIS and the estimated disparity map, the propos...
Article
To effectively hide objects and render them invisible to thermographic detectors, their thermal signatures in the infrared (IR) region of the spectrum may be concealed. However, to conceal broadband spontaneous thermal emission of objects, covering the mid‐ and long‐IR is a major obstacle. Here, metallic‐dielectric nanostructures and microscale IR...
Article
Full-text available
Glaucoma is a group of degenerative ocular diseases that affects millions of people worldwide. While the causes of glaucoma are still unidentified, there are recent studies that establish a link between glaucoma and the age-related loss in accommodation (presbyopia) resulting from the increasing inelasticity of the membrane attaching the ciliary mu...
Article
This letter reports on the fabrication, simulation, and characterization of conformal antireflective black-silicon (BSi) nanowires on a 3-D silicon structure. The BSi nanostructures were formed on various facets of a 3-D Si structure including sharp tips and sidewalls using a metal-assisted chemical etching process. The conformal BSi design was sim...
Conference Paper
Laparoscopic surgery has numerous clinical benefits for patients including decreased postoperative pain, decreased wound morbidity, earlier recovery, and improved cosmesis. The quality and extent of intra-abdominal visualization is crucial during laparoscopic procedures. However, the current system that uses a single camera has many drawbacks in te...
Conference Paper
In this paper, we consider the task of stitching video frames captured by an array of micro-cameras in order to create an enlarged field of view video for surgical applications. We propose a method for mitigating the problem of parallax when dealing with non-planar scenes with moving objects that cross boundaries of adjacent views, causing disconti...
Article
Full-text available
Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is a fast, well-established actuation method for a variety of applications, from microfluidics to electrowetting displays to electrowetting lenses. We therefore seek to develop a robust, scalable fabrication method for the realization of EWOD on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate in order to increas...
Article
Full-text available
To improve the sensitivity and shorten the testing time of hydrogel-based bio-toxin sensors, we introduce an optical fiber Fabry Perot interferometer (FPI) to detect the changes in the optical properties induced by the reactions between the target agent and the hydrogel. The concept is demonstrated by a polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel filled into a...
Article
Full-text available
Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE) are a vital part of breast cancer screening programs. However, there is a lack of standardization in the kinds of motion and the forces used during the examination, which can lead to either an inaccurate or a missed diagnosis. The use of sensors in CBE simulations and training can help to alleviate this issue. Thi...
Article
We demonstrate the design methodology, geometrical analysis, device fabrication, and testing of a double-sided design of tunable-focus dielectrophoretic liquid miniature lenses. This design is intended to reduce the driving voltage for tuning the lens, utilizing a double-sided electrode design that enhances the electric field magnitude. Fabricated...
Article
Liquid-crystalline elastomers (LCEs) possess large and equilibrium reversible anisotropic dimensional change in response to applied stimuli. The deformation behavior demonstrated by current LCE materials under the stimuli are generally determined by their own geometries and the alignment distributions of liquid crystal (LC) units in the LCE matrice...
Article
We demonstrate a prototype through-wafer microfluidic structure in bulk silicon carbide (SiC) fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining. The effects of laser fluence and scanning speed on the laser-affected zone are also investigated. Furthermore, the wettability of the laser-affected surface for the target liquid, mineral oil, is examined. Mi...
Article
We demonstrate an electrowetting-based liquid optical phase shifter. The phase shifter consists of two immiscible liquid layers with different refractive indices. Sandwiched between the two liquids is a rigid membrane that moves freely along the optical axis and is supported by a compliant surround. When applied with a pressure, the thicknesses of...
Article
Two-electrode photovoltaically self-charging cells (PSCs) possess compact structures for both energy conversion and storage with shared electrolyte and electrodes. It remains challenging to develop PSCs that are efficient in both energy conversion and storage. In this work, WO3·H2O nanoplates were synthesized by a modified acid-directed hydrotherma...
Article
Full-text available
In article number 1600121, Hongrui Jiang and co-workers present the processing of a nanostructured titanium-dioxide film with interdigital photoelectrode (PE) and counter electrode (CE) fingers, formed by a femtosecond laser, and the realization of a lateral dye-sensitized microscale solar cell. The picture depicts photo-induced electrons and catio...
Article
Full-text available
Lateral photoelectrode-counter electrode structure with microscale interdigital fingers of TiO2/FTO film is constructed for dye-sensitized solar cells by femtosecond laser patterning. A highest photon-to-electron efficiency of 5.18% under AM 1.5G is achieved. A novel tandem DSSC is fabricated with ultracompact structure due to this lateral design,...
Article
In this work, we develop a nanocomposite consisting of nematic liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) matrix incorporated with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and the reinforcement phase of polyurethane fiber-network (PUFN). The photo-thermo-mechanical actuation of LCE matrix is realized by converting light into heat with assistant of SWCNTs. The PUF...
Conference Paper
We designed and fabricated microscale lens arrays on a flexible substrate. The flexibility of the substrate allows for wide field of view imaging as well as optical focus scanning. Fresnel zone plates (FZPs), which are compact and lightweight, are used as microlenses for focusing. The arrangement of FZPs on flexible substrate can be reconfigured to...
Chapter
This chapter provided the latest research grade microcameras that can be used for medical imaging. The optics of the camera was discussed along with the latest innovative solutions for simple fabrication processes, focus tunability, zoom capability, and wide FOV. In addition to the optics, a novel design and implementation for the curvilinear image...
Chapter
This Chapter discussed the following: brief history of electrowetting; surface tension; contact angle; liquid lens focal length; tunable liquid microlens; electrowetting-based microlens on a flexible curvilinear surface; arrayed electrowetting prism and switchable microlens; electrowetting-controlled liquid mirror; electrowetting-driven optical swi...
Book
Due to the development of microscale fabrication methods, microlenses are being used more and more in many unique applications, such as artificial implementations of compound eyes, optical communications, and labs-on-chips. Liquid microlenses, in particular, represent an important and growing research area yet there are no books devoted to this top...
Article
Full-text available
Significance Although biological eyes ingeniously adopt diverse optical approaches to improve their scotopic vision, enhancement of the photosensitivity in artificial imaging systems still clings to electronic methods. Here we present an all-optical strategy to significantly improve the low-light imaging capability of manmade sensors, which is insp...
Article
This paper presents the use of a tunable-focus thermoresponsive hydrogel-based liquid lens in combination with an objective lens to achieve remote axial focusing in conventional microscopy. The goal of this design is to eliminate image distortion due to sample vibrations caused by mechanical stage scanning. This approach reduces the mechanical comp...
Article
In this paper, we introduce an electrode design for electrohydrodynamically actuated liquid microlenses. The effective electrode areal density radially increases which results in centering of the liquid tunable microlens with a planar device structure. A model was developed to demonstrate the centering mechanism of the liquid microlens. 3D electros...
Conference Paper
For super resolution (SR) of a 3D scene from multi-view low resolution (LR) images, subpixel registration is one of the main problems due to the difference of the depth for different objects, especially for hand-held uncalibrated cameras. In this paper we proposed a method to solve this problem by estimating the depth map for the LR images and trea...
Conference Paper
In this paper, we propose an improved fast multiple-view image denoising algorithm based on plane sweeping (PS) and non-local means (NLM). Miyata et al. proposed to use PS to convert multi-view images into multi-focus images for noise suppression. It showed improved computational efficiency and comparable denoising quality compared to conventional...
Article
Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are promising energy storage devices to power miniaturized portable electronics and microelectromechanical systems. With the increasing attention on all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors, new strategies for high-performance flexible MSCs are highly desired. Here, we demonstrate all-solid-state, flexible micro-pseudoc...
Article
Full-text available
Field of view and accommodative focus are two fundamental attributes of many imaging systems, ranging from human eyes to microscopes. Here, we present arrays of Fresnel zone plates fabricated on a flexible substrate, which allows for the adjustment of both the field of view and optical focus. Such zone plates function as compact and lightweight mic...
Article
A technique for designing a parasitic patch antenna array whose beam can be steered dynamically using a fluidic tuning mechanism is presented. Using this technique, a three-element patch antenna array operating at 5 GHz is designed and fabricated using 3D printing. Two oil-filled channels are placed in the substrate of the antenna along the radiati...
Article
The authors demonstrate high-performance photo-actuation of nematic liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) nanocomposites incorporating graphene oxide (GO). The nematic LCE serves as the matrix with reversible thermomechanical response. The incorporated GO absorbs photons and converts the photonic energy to heat, thus actuating the LCE nanocomposite. Both...
Conference Paper
This paper reports an imaging system inspired from the eyes of elephantnose fish for the detection of objects in low-light environment. Our bioinspired approach realizes broad-spectrum (wavelength 350 nm ~ 1000 nm) micro-photocollectors onto image sensors to increase their overall sensitivity by more than 3.5 times. The novel fabrication process th...
Conference Paper
This paper describes microlens arrays implemented on a flexible substrate. For the first time, we have demonstrated binary Fresnel zone plates fabricated from silicon nanowires embedded in a PDMS matrix. Lens arrays on flexible substrates can potentially benefit from an increased field of view, which is important for applications such as microscopy...
Article
Full-text available
Photo-self-charging cells (PSCs) are compact devices with dual functions of photoelectric conversion and energy storage. By introducing a scattering layer in polymer-based quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, two-electrode PSCs with highly compact structure were obtained. The charge storage function stems from the formed ion channel networ...
Article
Full-text available
Light-trapping patterns were constructed in TiO2 photoelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by a one-step femtosecond laser structuring method that utilized ablation to create patterns at the surface of nanostructured TiO2 films. As a result, much more light was trapped in the photoelectrodes. Grating and orthogonal-grid patterns were s...
Article
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are excellent actuator materials. However, current LCE materials are generally made in the forms with thin thickness, such as films or fibers, which have limitations in forming actuators. We have developed a bulk LCE material with the three-dimensional elastic skeleton network of polyurethane and the matrix of nemat...
Article
A new sensor design for detecting water hardness using complexometric and colorimetric concepts is presented in this paper. Calmagite, a metal ion indicator, changes color of a solution to wine red in presence of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions at pH 10. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) displaces the indicator from the metal-indicato...
Article
In this letter, we present a technique to fluidically tune the responses of periodic structures with multiple unit cells and finite dimensions. The periodic structures are composed of subwavelength constituting unit cells. This technique is applied to a two-dimensional high-impedance surface with multiple unit cells, and the response of the structu...
Article
We present a new technique for designing a dualband patch antenna with closely-spaced bands of operation, whose response can be changed dynamically using a fluidic tuning mechanism. Using this technique, a dual-band tunable patch antenna operating at around 2.5 GHz is designed and fabricated using 3D printing. Two oil-filled channels are placed in...
Article
This paper presents a solution to overcome many of the fundamental challenges faced by current laparoscopic imaging systems. Our system is developed upon the key idea that widely spread multiple tunable microcameras can cover a large range of vantage points and field of view (FoV) for intraabdominal visualization. Our design features multiple tunab...
Article
Full-text available
The study and application of microscale lenses and lens arrays have been actively researched in recent years; new approaches in the fabrication of microlenses and microlens arrays have emerged. Also, novel applications of these microlenses and microlens arrays have been demonstrated. In an effort to disseminate the current advances in this speciali...
Patent
A system and method for recovering performance of a degraded solar cell are provided. The system includes a solar cell having electrodes arranged on opposing sides of an electrolyte and defining a solar cell polarity therebetween and a power source connected to the electrodes. A controller controls the power source for applying a voltage pulse(s) a...
Article
In nature, reflecting superposition compound eyes (RSCEs) found in shrimps, lobsters and some other decapods are extraordinary imaging systems with numerous optical features such as minimum chromatic aberration, wide-angle field of view (FOV), high sensitivity to light and superb acuity to motion. Here, we present life-sized, large-FOV, wide-spectr...
Article
Full-text available
We present a flexible variable-focus converging microlens actuated by electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). The microlens is made of two immiscible liquids and a soft polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Parylene intermediate layer is used to produce robust flexible electrode on PDMS. A low-temperature PDMS-compatible fabrication process has been d...
Article
We have developed a thermally actuated liquid microlens. An embedded thermoelectric element is used to actuate the liquid based heat engine. A closed-loop system is harnessed to drive and stabilize the temperature of the heat engine. Direct contact between the thermoelectric device and the water results in greatly improved, sub-second thermal rise...
Article
Full-text available
We present a wide-angle, broad-spectrum cylindrical lens based on reflections from an array of three-dimensional, high-aspect-ratio micro-mirrors fabricated on a cylindrical elastomeric substrate, functionally inspired by natural reflecting superposition compound eyes. Our device can perform one-dimensional focusing and beam-shaping comparable to c...
Article
Full-text available
We report on polydimethlysiloxane (PDMS) microlenses and microlens arrays on flat and curved substrates fabricated via a relatively simple process combining liquid-phase photopolymerization and a single molding step. The mold for the formation of the PDMS lenses is fabricated by photopolymerizing a polyacrylamide (PAAm) pre-hydrogel. The shrinkage...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Silicon nanowire reflective Fresnel lenses are demonstrated and their focusing and lensing properties characterizations are shown. The Fresnel lenses were fabricated using conventional lithography and metal-assisted chemical etching. The lenses have dark zones made of sub-wavelength silicon nanowires and bright zones formed by polished silicon surf...
Article
We demonstrate the fabrication of a tunable-focus dielectric liquid lens (DLL) on a flexible substrate made of polydimethylsiloxane, which was wrapped onto a goggle surface to show its functionality. As a positive meniscus converging lens, the DLL has the focal length variable from 14.2 to 6.3 mm in 1.3 s when the driving voltage increases to 125 V...
Poster
Semiconductor nanotubes (NTs) such as those comprised of silicon (Si) are attractive experimental targets because of their promising potential in applications in photovolatics, battery technology, hydrogen storage, as well as extending into the realm of nanoscale drug delivery.1,2 Our group previously reported that PVDF/Si powder composites could b...
Poster
We demonstrated a simplex PSC with dual-functions of photocurrent output and energy storage, which can be realized concurrently. The charge storage was realized by modifying the CE with PVDF/ZNWA nanocomposites.
Article
We report on a flexible microcamera array inspired by natural visual systems. The camera array is a hybrid artificial visual system that combines the large field of view (FOV) of compound eyes together with the high resolution of mammalian eyes. The camera array allows for maximum flexibility and instantaneous reconfigurability to observe a wide FO...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Clostridium Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most lethal bacterial toxins known to humankind in nature. They present grave bioterrorism concern, especially within food supplies. The current pharmacotoxicological mouse bioassay accepted for detection of BoNT in food is laborious and expensive, lacks specificity, or may cause false alarm. It is...
Conference Paper
A new sensor design for detecting water hardness using complexometric and colorimetric concepts has been presented in this paper. Calmagite, a metal ion indicator, changes color of a solution to wine red in presence of calcium (Ca2002B;) and magnesium (Mg2002B;) ions at pH 10. When Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is added to the solution, it...
Article
We present a prototype of a micro-panoramic vision system that includes four micro-cameras controlled simultaneously by mechanical arm-like actuators, structurally similar to umbrella ribs. Each camera rests on an arm that can be oriented at an angle simultaneously with the other three arms. This arrangement offers reconfigurable angle of view and...
Article
This letter reports a thermally actuated liquid microlens. In this design, a thermoelectric device was brought into direct contact with water to alter the water temperature and drive the lens through the thermal expansion of water. The shape of a pinned water meniscus at an aperture was deformed in response to the net volume change in the water, cr...
Article
Dye-sensitized solar cells with an energy storage function are demonstrated by modifying its counter electrode with a poly (vinylidene fluoride)/ZnO nanowire array composite. This simplex device could still function as an ordinary solar cell with a steady photocurrent output even after being fully charged. An energy storage density of 2.14 C g(-1)...
Article
Full-text available
The recent rapid development in microlens technology has provided many opportunities for miniaturized optical systems, and has found a wide range of applications. Of these microlenses, tunable-focus microlenses are of special interest as their focal lengths can be tuned using micro-scale actuators integrated with the lens structure. Realization of...
Article
Full-text available
Carbon nanotube membranes were fabricated using arrays of millimeter-long multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an inner diameter of about 8 nm through a low-cost cast polishing method. The fabricated carbon nanotube membranes demonstrated a unique ionic rectification phenomenon through two fundamentally different mechanisms: a) the formation...
Article
Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) exhibit a number of remarkable physical effects, including the unique, high-stroke reversible mechanical actuation when triggered by external stimuli. This article reviews some recent exciting developments in the field of LCE materials with an emphasis on their utilization in actuator applications. Such applicat...
Article
Full-text available
We discovered a method of applying a forward pulsed bias to recover the degraded quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Up to 30.7% of the power conversion efficiency (η) of a degraded poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based DSSC was recovered by a double-pulse. The recovered η remained higher than that before the double-pulse treatme...
Conference Paper
We propose a novel method for capturing high-speed, high dynamic range video with a single low-speed camera using a coded sampling technique. Traditional video cameras use a constant full-frame exposure time, which makes temporal super-resolution difficult due to the ill-posed nature of inverting the sampling operation. Our method samples at the sa...
Article
Inspired by heliotropism in nature, artificial heliotropic devices that can follow the sun for increased light interception are realized. The mechanism of the artificial heliotropism is realized via direct actuation by the sunlight, eliminating the need for additional mechatronic components and resultant energy consumption. For this purpose, a nove...
Conference Paper
In this paper we introduce the concept of local label descriptor, which is a concatenation of label histograms for each cell in a patch. Local label descriptors alleviate the label patch misalignment issue in combining structured label predictions for semantic image labeling. Given an input image, we solve for a label map whose local label descript...
Article
Microlenses are important components of optofluidics systems and their lab-on-a-chip applications. We report on liquid microlenses that can be in situ formed in microchannels in a single batch via pneumatic control. These microlenses have optical axes that are parallel to the substrate, and their focal length can be pneumatically tuned separately a...
Article
We present a hydrogel-driven focus-tunable liquid microlens array on a curvilinear surface with much faster response time than previously reported. Water-oil interfaces pinned at polymer apertures serve as microlenses. Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel incorporating glycidyl-methacrylate-functionalized graphene oxide is employed...
Article
We present micro cameras that provide multiple viewpoint imaging from one single image capture and without moving the camera. The micro cameras are based on lightfield photography where the camera captures the 4-D lightfield and images it onto a 2-D charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor through the use of a microlens array. The microlens array was fab...
Conference Paper
We report on a flexible liquid microlens actuated by electrowetting mechanism. The microlens structure is made of soft polymer and its substrate is made much thinner than the lens to reduce the stress on the lens when it is stretched on a curved surface. A low-temperature fabrication process is developed to reduce the stress in the polymer. The foc...

Citations

... Recent works in NeRF and implicit surface reconstruction utilize Marching Cubes, [32], [33], which employ a volumetric representation to apply a discrete cuboid-shape grid and evaluate the mesh passing through each cube using zeros and triangles [32]. In cases of PMVS or explicit surface reconstruction, Delaunay triangulation is deployed [34], [35], to merge 3D points into triangles based on certain rules. On that note in [36], a global 3D mesh is constructed utilizing volumetric representation, with the additional provision of optional semantic annotations through 2D pixel-wise segmentation and 3D Bayesian updates. ...
... This type of sensor can provide comprehensive and accurate mechanical information that equals to or even exceeds human tactility (1,2). Meanwhile, recognition of multipoint pressure distribution by sensor array allows us to obtain a complete pressure interaction profile (3)(4)(5), and complemented by artificial intelligence and data analytics, researchers already show the feasibility of more intelligent sensing functions such as grasping recognition (6)(7)(8) and slip detection (2,9). In addition, the thin and lightweight sensor form is also essential, as this contributes to the feasibility and flexibility of system-level integration (10)(11)(12). ...
... The paper optimizes for mobile GPU and runs on Jetson nano and achieves 81 fps for HD videos. Similarly, [13] performs stabilization in 30 ms on GTX2080 GPU for 720p videos by use of SURF features on GPU. [33] incorporates feature based tracking and piece-wise scene planarity modeling to warp consecutive frames in a content preserving manner. ...
... Among the several optical transduction mechanisms, the use of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, related to the interaction of light with the free electrons of noble metal nanoparticles [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], has already revealed its capabilities in (bio)chemical sensing [19][20][21][22] and gas sensing [23][24][25][26]. Moreover, regarding the detection of physical and mechanical stimuli, such as temperature and force, some pioneering works have been published, most of them related to theoretical approaches in ultra-thin gold films [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. These and other works led gold films [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. ...
... Because MVV data are obtained from cameras that are located on the horizontal and vertical planes, inter-view correlation could be further exploited for artifact reduction [18], [19]. In [20], a multiview denoising network (MVCNN) was presented to manage 3D focus image stacks and fuse them to compute an enhanced target image. The MVCNN was trained with residual learning and batch normalization on top of a denoising CNN [21]. ...
... The development and optimization of artificial retina provide a new possibility for the treatment of retinal degeneration and irreversible damage caused by various causes [136][137][138]. Due to the biological characteristics of nanomaterials, they are increasingly used in various structures and links involved in retinal light signal conversion, in order to develop more sensitive, durable, and stable artificial retina [139][140][141]. NPs can be used to form artificial photoreceptors in the artificial retina. ...
... Moreover, the wide view and the capability to explore multiple angles of view resulted in achieving the necessary exposure for the CVS significantly faster than what was achieved in the standard scope group. 20 (100.0%) > 2 days 2 (9.5%) 0 (0.0%) Same admission complication-n (%) 1 2 (9.5%) 2 (9.5%) ...
... In the case of compound eyes, there are models with a hemispherical structure formed by polymer microlenses in honeycomb arrangements, with substrates or holes, and with spherical, cylindrical (SELFOC type), and free-form geometries, regularly placed on curved surfaces [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. On the other hand, some models contemplate using photodetectors or image sensors [6,11,31] and hybrid models [21]. ...
... [23] In 2019, Van Grinsven et al. presented a liquid lens actuated by the Lorentz force, whose corresponding focal length can vary with the working current. [24] In 2020, Jamali et al. developed a liquid crystal lens for presbyopia correction, and its diopter successfully changes from 1.5 D to 0 D. [25] These electrically or mag-netically actuated variable focus liquid lens have advantages of no mechanical movement, simple structure, low cost, and high compatibility. [21][22][23][24][25] However, these liquid-filled lenses are prone to leakage, evaporation and fluidity, resulting in unstable lens performance. ...
... The quality of the measurement can be further improved by changing the coil structure, integrating a ferrite magnet, or using inductive sensors [27][28][29]. Nevertheless, it is also possible to implant capacitive biosensors in other regions of the eye, like the sclera, vitreous humor, retina, or iris [30][31][32][33][34]. Though, biomechanical sensors typically lack the accuracy of fit to an individual patient, they are already utilized to measure IOP. ...