Hayrettin Koral's research while affiliated with Istanbul University and other places

... 1). The Palaeozoic basement consists of mainly granitic gneisses and minor amounts of migmatite, amphibolite, and mica schists as well as crosscutting quartz veins and granite intrusions (Akgündüz and Koral, 2021;Aysal et al., 2018). ...

... 300 ka BP) to the Holocene (Aktaş et al., 2021;Doğan et al., 2015;İslamoğlu, 2009;Nazik et al., 2011). For example, Meriç et al. (2018) and Sagular et al. (2018) indicated that Lake Iznik experienced a marine depositional environment characterised by "littoral, estuary, or lagoon environments from late Pleistocene to the Holocene" based on flora and fauna assemblages found in sediment cores. It is therefore thought that the hydrological separation of the Gulf of Gemlik is due to the activity of the fault. ...

... It also resembles SEDEX type deposits in terms of slightly higher homogenization temperature (between 170 and 200 °C in quartz, and average 211 °C for sphalerite) and lower salinity (between 3.5% and 18% NaCl equiv.) than MVT, its parallel ore zones, and high contents of As (0.2%; up to %1.2), Mo (302 ppm), Sb (251 ppm; up to 926 ppm), Tl (109 ppm; up to 1143 ppm) and Hg (35 ppm) in the non-sulphide ore zones (Hanilçi et al. 2016(Hanilçi et al. , 2017aSantoro et al. 2013). ...

... Numerous structural and sedimentological marine studies had been carried out in İzmit Bay prior to the 1999 İzmit earthquake. Geological and sedimentological characteristics of the region were investigated and mapped before the earthquake (Özhan et al. 1985;Özhan 1986;Kavukçu 1990; Bargu and Yüksel 1993;Akgün and Ergün 1995;Koral and Öncel 1995;Barka and Kuşçu 1996;Barka and and Reilinger 1997;Özhan andBayrak 1998, andŞenöz 1998) (Figure 2). Although pre-earthquake surveys were performed as part of the Marmara Sea geology, the post-earthquake activity is mainly concentrated in the bay. ...

... These authors, as well as Meriç et al. (1995), argued for a paleoconnection with the Marmara Basin, because strong uplift has been detected along the southern branch of the NAFZ. ...

... The geology of the entire Marmara Sea (including the Tekirda g Basin in the west) was greatly affected by the varying Quaternary depositional conditions which resulted from the climatic and sealevel changes and related water exchanges between the adjacent Black Sea and the Mediterranean or Aegean Sea (Stanley and Blanpied, 1980;Meriç et al., 1995;Smith et al., 1995;Aksu et al., 1999;Ça gatay et al., 2000;Caner and Algan, 2002;Kaminski et al., 2002;Sperling et al., 2003;Ergin et al., 2007;McHugh et al., 2008;Brückner et al., 2010). These studies also revealed that the Sea of Marmara was a lake at about 12,000 BP, and with the incursion of Mediterranean waters, it reached its present level at around 6000e3000 BP. ...

... The study area includes the Ponto-Caspian and adjacent basins [e.g., Yanko, 1989Yanko, , 1990aYanko et al., 1998;Yanko-Hombach, 2007;Yanko-Hombach et al., 2014a, 2017. Foraminifera along with geological properties of sediments were studied by the first author in 112 coastal outcrops, many of which are Ponto-Caspian stratotypes [Yanko, 1989[Yanko, , 1990a, 56 boreholes [Yanko and Gramova, 1990] and ~4000 gravity/vibracores from the Black and Caspian seas; 18 boreholes from the Bosphorus Strait, the Sea of Marmara [e.g., Yanko et al., 1999], Izmit Gulf and Sakarya [Meriç et al., 1995] and supplemented by hundreds of 14 C, 230 Th/U, and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dates. Lately, studied material was supplemented by new data obtained in course of the FR6 EU HERMES and EU BLACK SEA ERA.NET-WAPCOAST scientific cruises performed on 19-27 September 2008 and 3-7 May 2012 using the Ukrainian "Vladimir Parshin" and Romanian "Mare Nigrum" research vessels, respectively. ...

... Therefore, coastal changes observed along the fault line during the August 1999 Golcuk (Izmit) (Mw=7.46) and Kaynaşlı (Mw=7.2) events (e.g., Barka, 1999;Herece, 1999;Öztürk, et al., 2000;Koral, 2007) make it plausible to relate the submergence of these Byzantine settlements to seismic activity along the NAFZ. ...

... These high-angle normal faults are developed as a normal faulted margin of the pullapart basin under the influence of NAFZ. The NE-SW trending NAFZ, the youngest structure in the region, creates Yenişehir, eastern Bursa, and western Bursa pull-apart basins (Yılmaz and Koral, 2007;Selim and Tüysüz, 2013;Seyitoğlu et al., 2020). The western part of BF is reactivated as part of the Bursa Detachment (see below) because its surface relicts are still recognizable (Figure 1). ...

... During the last decades a great number of studies have been conducted in the Holocene coastal plains and lagoons of Aegean Sea using multiple approaches, such as micropaleontological, malacological, sedimentological and geomorphological analyses (e.g., Avramidis et al. 2013;Evelpidou et al. 2010Evelpidou et al. , 2012Goiran et al. 2011;Koukousioura et al. 2012;Nixon et al. 2009;Pavlopoulos et al. 2007Pavlopoulos et al. , 2010Syrides et al. 2009;Theodorakopoulou et al. 2009;Triantaphyllou et al. 2003Triantaphyllou et al. , 2010bTriantaphyllou et al. , 2016aVouvalidis et al. 2010), providing invaluable paleoenvironmental information. In particular, micro-and macrofaunal analysis is an indispensable tool for recording coastal changes, which occurred in the past, and allows for a detailed reconstruction of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions (e.g., Bernasconi et al. 2006;Carboni et al. 2002Carboni et al. , 2010Di Bella et al. 2008;Ghilardi et al. 2010;Morhange et al. 2000;Morigi et al. 2005;Serandrei-Barbero et al. 1997;Scott and Medioli 1980;Scott et al. 2001;Syrides 2008;Syrides et al. 2009;Yanko-Hombach et al. 2006). Moreover, magnetic susceptibility measurements can be used as a rapid, simple and non-destructive proxy to emphasize the magnetic variability in sediments corresponding to different depositional environments (Dearing 2000;Ghilardi et al. 2008;Oldfield and Yu 1994;Verosub and Roberts 1995;Wang et al. 2009;Yang et al. 2008). ...