Georges Brousse's research while affiliated with Institute Pascal and other places
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Publications (200)
Social cognition is frequently altered in patients with Severe Alcohol Use Disorder (SAUD), potentially
leading to massive deleterious impact on the maintenance of abstinence as well as on therapeutic objectives.
However, these impairments are currently not evaluated or treated in clinical settings. This paper presents the
implementation of a remed...
The experimental exploration of the deficits associated with severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) has long focused on cognition, mostly documenting alterations linked to attention, memory and executive processes. However, a new line of studies has developed over the last decades to explore emotional and interpersonal variables in this population, ide...
Background
Many patients admitted to general emergency departments (EDs) have a pattern of drinking that could lead to future alcohol-related complications. However, it is often difficult to screen these patients in the context of emergency. The aim of this study is to analyze whether reasons for admission could help to screen patients who have an...
Introduction: Heroin use can cause respiratory complications including asthma, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis (BD).
Objectives: A general review of the literature presenting the data on the relationships between heroin
consumption and bronchial complications, while underlining the difficulties of diagnosis and manag...
Background and aims:
Craving is central in the definition of addictive disorders because of its diagnostic and prognostic value. Its measurement is essential in clinical practice. Previous reviews provided a better overview of existing instruments; however, they do not consider emerging substances and behaviors such as sexual addictions. Our objec...
Introduction
Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric disease. It has been demonstrated a long time ago that bipolar patients are more painful than the healthy subjects. Substance use disorder is a frequent comorbidity in BD, but also in painful patients. The aim of our study was to analyze if bipolar patients with a painful expression have mo...
Background:
Eating disorders (EDs) are liable to alter the disease course of bipolar disorder (BD). We explored the crossed clinical features between EDs and BD, particularly as a function of BD type (BD1 vs. BD2).
Methods:
2929 outpatients attending FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise were assessed for BD and lifetime EDs with a semi-stru...
Background: Cannabis use by physicians can be detrimental for them and their patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of cannabis use by medical doctors (MDs)/students. Method: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PsycInfo and ScienceDirect were searched for studies reporting cannabis use in MDs/students. For each frequen...
Objectives:
Up to 70% individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) are lifetime tobacco smokers, a major modifiable risk factor for morbidity. However, quitting smoking is rarely proposed to individuals with BD, mainly because of fear of unfavorable metabolic or psychiatric changes. Evaluating the physical and mental impact of tobacco cessation is primo...
Importance
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on mental health, there is no comprehensive longitudinal study of the entire population of a country without selection bias.
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescription of psychotropic drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic, using data from the French nation...
La prise en charge de l'aide à l'arrêt des fumeurs difficiles ou "hard-core smokers" mérite une attention particulière. Ces fumeurs présentent une consommation élevée de cigarettes et une forte dépendance au tabac ce qui les expose particulièrement au risque de mortalité induite par le tabac. Ils souffrent fréquemment de troubles psychiatriques et/...
Background
Antipsychotics are used in a large variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders; investigating their use in real life is important to understand national prescribing practices, as well as to determine the levels of patient adherence.
Methods
Using a 1/97e random sample (General Sample of Beneficiaries, EGB) of the French health ins...
Résumé
Objectifs
La corrélation entre tabagisme et suicide en population générale est bien documentée : le risque suicidaire est plus fréquent chez les fumeurs ; en revanche, chez le jeune elle est mal connue. Cette revue systématique de la littérature s’est intéressée aux relations entre le tabagisme actif ou passif et les idées suicidaires (IS),...
Objectives. – The correlation between smoking and suicide is well documented in the general population: there is an increased risk of suicide among tobacco smokers. However, the association between
smoking and suicidal behaviors (ideations, plans, attempts) in youth is poorly elucidated. This is a systematic review of the literature examined data o...
The “Intervention Program based on Self” (IPSELF) project was created to address the gap between the acquisition of life skills during prevention programs and their application with a session for developing one’s self-concept included in the European program “Unplugged”. The present study evaluated its effectiveness. A total of 157 middle school st...
Introduction
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of brief interventions realized in primary care in reducing cannabis use for adolescents and emerging adults.
Methods
PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, and Central (Cochrane Library) were searched until December 2020. Randomized controlled trials conducted in primary ca...
Objectives: to investigate attitude of community pharmacists toward patients with a substance-related disorder (heroin, alcohol and tobacco).
Material and methods: The attitudes were assessed thanks to the Attitude to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ) for heroin, alcohol and tobacco-related disorders in three independent groups of pharmacists. Es...
This study aims to identify distinct trajectories of cannabis use during adolescence and examine whether Sociability (ability to relate to others) and Responsibility (ability to integrate a community setting) during childhood are associated with these trajectories, accounting for individual and familial confounders. Population-based cohort study (1...
Context
The recent development of “serious games” has produced encouraging results in maintaining adherence to health-related interventions. In alcohol research, several studies have shown that computerized training on attentional bias decreases alcohol consumption bias among students. However, these highly controlled experimental situations, do no...
Addiction is a mental disorder with limited available treatment options. The therapeutic potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on it, by targeting craving in particular, has been explored with heterogenous results. This meta-analysis uses updated evidence to assess overall rTMS efficacy on craving, differential effects be...
Background
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the French government took many measures, the most notable of which was a national lockdown on 17 March 2020. Its effects have been widely studied, but to our knowledge, no study has sought to determine how adolescents have adapted to cope with this situation. The present study set out to explore tee...
Objective
Several health issues related to the us of social networking sites (SNS) are documented. One concept that is not clearly studied is suggestibility as the tendency of a person to accept and internalize communication. The aim of the study is to test a model in which suggestibility of people can predict SNS use, which in turn can predict sub...
Cocaine-induced transient hallucinations (CIH) are a frequent complication following cocaine intake that is associated with addiction severity.
Methods
Two hundred and forty-two non-psychotic and Caucasian lifetime cocaine users were included in a French multicentric study. Clinical variables and dopamine pathway genotype data were extracted and t...
Background:
Smoking is a major public health problem. Although physicians have a key role in the fight against smoking, some of them are still smoking. Thus, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of smoking among physicians.
Methods:
PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched. The prevalence of smo...
Background: During cocaine withdrawal, transient depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for depression, but promote relapse, are frequently observed. Their temporality could evoke a role of dopamine, especially since the underlying mechanism of these depressive symptoms is not well understood. We hypothesized that variation in the dopami...
Introduction
Suicide attempts have been associated with both cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and childhood trauma. We investigated how childhood trauma is an independent risk factor for serious and recurrent suicide attempts in CocUD. Method: 298 outpatients (23% women) with CocUD underwent standardized assessments of substance dependence (Diagnostic...
Introduction: Cocaine users often present with repetitive events of cocaine-associated chest pain (CACP), clinically resembling acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the study is to describe the specific risk factors for CACP.
Method: Cocaine users (n = 316) were recruited for a multicenter cross-sectional study. Lifetime CACP history, sociodemograp...
Les étudiants sont en première ligne des victimes psychologiques
de la crise sanitaire mondiale. Cette population particulièrement sensible au stress, est aussi sujette à développer des addictions aux substances ou des addictions comportementales, notamment sur le plan alimentaire ; difficultés qui pourraient être aggravées par le confinement et le...
Purpose
Extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) covers a range of formulations of buprenorphine-based treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) that release the medication over a period of one week, one month, or six months. OUD is particularly prevalent among incarcerated populations, and previous findings have shown that incarcerated subjects were...
Eating disorders (EDs) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are mainly described through impulse control disorders but represent one end of the spectrum of food addiction (FA). Although not formally recognized by DSM-5, FA is well described in the literature on animal models and humans, but data on prevalence and risk factors compared with hea...
Chronic pain and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Indeed, chronic pain is highly prevalent, affecting 23–68% of patients receiving opioid agonist treatments (OAT) worldwide. The majority of available estimates come from American studies, but data are still lacking in Europe. We aim to provide European estimates of the prevalence of chro...
Résumé
Objectifs
Cette revue systématique de la littérature a porté sur des patients souffrant de schizophrénie, de troubles psychotiques ou de pathologies mentales incluant la schizophrénie. Elle s’est intéressée aux données concernant la prévalence de l’usage de la cigarette électronique, à la perception et aux attentes des patients, ainsi qu’à...
Objectives:
The comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and bipolar disorder (BD) has been repeatedly associated with poorer clinical outcomes than BD without AUD. We aimed to extend these findings by focusing on the characteristics associated with the sequence of onset of BD and AUD.
Methods:
3,027 outpatients from the Fondamental Advanced Ce...
Background: This study evaluated factors linked with perceived stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and addictive behaviors prior to and during lockdown in a sample of students who indicated engaging in alcohol consumption behaviors before lockdown.
Methods: Cross-sectional study. French students from four universities participated...
Suicide attempts (SA), especially recurrent SA or serious SA, are common in substance use disorders (SUD). However, the genetic component of SA in SUD samples remains unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) alleles and levels have been repeatedly involved in stress-related psychopathology. This investigation uses a within-cases study of B...
Aim: To explore the factors determining the interest in extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) injections among patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in France.
Methods: 366 patients receiving OAT for opioid use disorder, recruited in 66 French centers, were interviewed from 12/2018 to 05/2019. A structured questionnaire assessed thei...
Background
Community pharmacists are among the frontline health professionals who manage patients with an opioid-related disorder (ORD). Pharmacists frequently have a negative attitude toward these patients, which could have a negative impact on their management. However, education on ORD may improve the attitude of future healthcare professionals....
‐ Caractéristiques comparées des utilisateurs de longue durée de substituts
nicotiniques oraux ou d'e‐cigarette et aide à l'arrêt de ces usages
J PERRIOT*, P LEMAIRE*, F MARCHANDISE* ‐ Dispensaire Émile Roux, Clermont‐Ferrand*
G BROUSSE** ‐ Service d'addictologie, CHU, Clermont‐Ferrand**
Introduction : L’usage prolongé de formes orales de substitut...
RationaleBehavioral disturbances (BD) are prevalent in patients with substance use disorders (SUD).Objectives
To test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to cocaine could favor the acquisition of BD that were not present in childhood.Methods
We used child and adult ADHD self-report screening scales (WURS-25 and ASRS-6, respectively, with their usu...
Purpose of the study: Work addiction risk is a growing public health concern with potential deleterious health-related outcomes. Perception of work (job demands and job control) may play a major role in provoking the risk of work addiction in employees. We aimed to explore the link between work addiction risk and health-related outcomes using the f...
Background and aims. Since mid-March 2020, over 3 billion people have been confined
as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Problematic eating behaviors are likely to be
impacted by the pandemic through multiple pathways. This study examined the
relationships between stress related to lockdown measures and binge eating and dietary
restriction in a po...
Background: Extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) are new pharmaceutical products that offer a one-week-, one-month- or six-months-long buprenorphine treatment for subjects with opioid use disorder (OUD). OUD is frequent in incarcerated populations, and XR-BUP has been suggested to be an interesting treatment option in prison. However, some opioi...
Résumé
La buprénorphine et la méthadone sont les deux traitements agonistes opioïdes indiqués dans le trouble de l’usage des opiacés et opioïdes. La buprénorphine est un agoniste partiel des récepteurs opioïdes mu, jusqu'à présent disponible exclusivement en administration sublinguale. En pratique, la buprénorphine est plus sûre que la méthadone ca...
Buprenorphine and methadone are the two main opioid agonist treatments approved for opioid use disorder. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist of the mu opioid receptors, which has been merely available through sublingual form until now. In practice, the use of buprenorphine is smoother than that of methadone, and it induces reduced risks of overdose....
Objectives
Gambling characteristics are factors that could influence problem gambling development. The aim of this study was to identify a typology of gamblers to frame risky behaviour based on gambling characteristics (age of initiation/of problem gambling, type of gambling: pure chance/chance with pseudoskills/chance with elements of skill, gambl...
L'usage prolongé de substituts nicotiniques ou de l'e-cigarette n'est pas rare, leur toxicité demeure très inférieure à celle de la fumée de tabac.Il faut accéder à la demande des patients qui souhaitent être aidés pour se libérer de ces usages mais à la condition de ne pas risquer d'induire la reprise du tabagisme.
Introduction
L’usage prolongé de substituts nicotiniques ou de l’e-cigarette lors de l’arrêt du tabac n’est pas rare ; cette éventualité demeure moins toxique que la poursuite du tabagisme. Ce travail a comparé les caractéristiques d’ex-fumeurs utilisateurs de longue durée de substituts nicotiniques oraux (TNSFO) ou d’e-cigarette (EC) en difficulté...
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to describe the profiles of a sample of young cannabis users not seeking care, for use in general practice in France.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, baseline data were used from a previous clinical randomized trial, in which a brief intervention was tested. The participants were 262 cannabis users a...
Aujourd’hui, en France, les difficultés de repérage et de prise en charge des publics souffrant à la fois de troubles psychiatriques et de problématiques addictives ne permettent pas toujours de les accompagner au mieux du fait notamment de logiques de filières. La prise en compte de ces pathologies est souvent cloisonnée entre le secteur de l’addi...
En officialisant dans la 11e révision de la Classification Internationale des Maladies l’entrée du « trouble du jeu vidéo », en début d’année 2019, l’OMS a permis l’avancée du débat sur la place des écrans dans les conduites addictives. La reconnaissance d’une morbidité liée à la relation aux écrans devrait permettre un meilleur repérage et guider...
L’usage et les troubles liés à l’usage de substances (TUS) sont la règle dans le trouble bipolaire (TB). Ils péjorent le pronostic du TB en aggravant les décompensations thymiques, en diminuant la réponse au traitement usuel et, surtout, en augmentant la mortalité toutes causes. L’épidémiologie descriptive des comorbidités addictives du TB est déso...
En dépit des nombreuses réticences à légaliser le cannabis à travers le monde du fait de son effet psychotrope, l’usage médical de cette plante devient aujourd’hui autorisé dans de nombreux pays. Ceci est largement dû à l’évolution des connaissances scientifiques qui ont permis d’objectiver des propriétés thérapeutiques du cannabis, connues depuis...
Les patients souffrant de trouble bipolaire (TB) ont un risque augmenté de souffrir également d’un trouble lié à l’usage d’alcool (AUD), qui péjore le pronostic du TB en augmentant notamment les symptômes dépressifs et le risque suicidaire. La physiopathologie de cette comorbidité reste mal connue, même si TB et AUD partagent certains facteurs de r...
Les écrans et technologies numériques prennent une part croissante et envahissante dans l’activité humaine au XXIe siècle. Ils offrent un nouvel espace d’interactivité sociale quasi illimité et peu régulé, prisé en particulier par les adolescents. Ils sont aussi, notamment pour les plus jeunes, le support croissant voir exclusif des occupations de...
Alcohol use disorder: evolution of the nosography. The arrival of DSM-5 has represented a nosographic break with respect to the DSMIV- TR: by leaving the old biaxial view and its hierarchical gradation between abuse and dependence; by removing the term "dependence" with its stigma and amalgams between psychic and physical dependencies; and by integ...
Aims. Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) training has been considered a promising and effective intervention tool for reducing cognitive biases toward alcohol (Boffo et al., 2019). However, the link between the cognitive process and actual behaviour remains statistically insignificant because computerized tasks do not have sufficient ecological vali...
Aims
Several addictovigilance studies have described the off‐label use of morphine sulfate (MS) for nonchronic pain in opioid use disorder (OUD) patients as an alternative to conventional opioid substitution treatments (OSTs). This study primarily sought to compare the incidence of unintentional opioid‐related overdose in the year following the pre...
Craving is a key factor in substance-related and behavioral addictions, as illustrated by its recent inclusion as a diagnosis criterion in the most recent, fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. It globally refers to the subjective motivational state facilitating the emergence of addiction-related obsessive thou...
Introduction: Since the 1990s, opioid maintenance treatments (OMTs), i.e., mostly methadone and buprenorphine, have represented the therapeutic cornerstone of opioid dependence. In France, the public health strategy on opioid dependence, identified here as the “French model”, has consisted of offering a facilitated access to buprenorphine, to reach...
Background and objectives:
The relationship between impulsivity and craving in severe alcohol use disorders is well established, but the presence and characteristics of this link in University students are still to be established. The present study aims to better understand the relationship between impulsivity and craving in university students an...
Purpose
Eating disorders are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and often class in Impulse control disorders, however, little is known about their phenomenology. Specific symptoms and comorbidities were described in a group of PD patients in this preliminary study.
Methods
Over a period of 6 months, 51 PD patients who experienced signific...
Stopping and reducing smoking in patients with schizophrenia. A systematic review.
Michel UNDERNER, Jean PERRIOT, Georges BROUSSE, Ingrid de CHAZERON, Audrey SCHMITT, Gérard PEIFFER, Ghina HARIKA-GERMANEAU, Nematollah JAAFARI .
Objectives. This systematic review of the literature looked at data on pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies...
Points clés
Trente pour cent des admissions aux urgences sont liés à un usage problématique d'alcool.
Quatre-vingts pour cent des intoxications éthyliques aiguës admises aux urgences concernent des patients présentant une dépendance à l'alcool.
La prévention du syndrome de sevrage éthylique doit faire l'objet de protocoles de soins gradués validés...
Craving and impulsivity are key psychological dimensions involved in the development and maintenance of severe alcohol-use disorders. This study proposes an integrative evaluation of craving (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale, OCDS) and impulsivity (UPPS Scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) among patients admitted...
La cocaïne est actuellement, après le cannabis, le produit illicite le plus consommé en France. L’addiction à cette substance constitue un trouble sévère, chronique, à l’origine de nombreuses complications et dommages pour le sujet mais aussi pour son entourage et la société. A ce jour aucun traitement médicamenteux n’est validé dans cette indicati...
Background:
people suffering from substance use disorders (SUD) often die by suicide, so that the prevention of suicide attempts (SA) remains a top priority in this population. SA recurrence is common and is associated with suicide death, but this phenotype has been overlooked in SUD populations. Thus, we aimed at identifying the risk factors of S...
Thirty percent of emergency department admissions are related to an alcohol misuse. Eighty percent of acute intoxications admitted in emergency departments concern patients with alcohol addiction. Care protocols validated in all of emergency departments are necessary for prevention of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Risky uses require ultra-brief inte...
Introduction:
Students overestimate alcohol consumption of those around them and underestimate their own, so that quantitative approach may not be the most relevant to assess students' drinking. The main objective was to provide an appropriate tool for screening for students with potential drinking problems.
Methods:
A multicentre cross-sectiona...
Little is known regarding between-subject variability in the subjective effects of first cocaine use. This study retrospectively assesses the subjective effects of first cocaine use in 160 current treatment-seeking cocaine use disorder patients. Subjective effects of first cocaine use were evaluated with an ad-hoc questionnaire used for cannabis ef...
Background:
Work addiction is a significant public health problem with a growing prevalence. The Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) is the gold standard questionnaire to detect workaholism.
Objective:
The main objective of this study was to validate the French version of the WART.
Methods:
Questionnaires were proposed to voluntary French workers...
Cette étude a collecté les données de 1361 patients pris en charge pour sevrage tabagique entre 1999 et 2009 au sein d'un centre spécialisé dans l'aide à l'arrêt du tabac. La réussite de l'arrêt est évaluée 6 mois après le début de la tentative. L'interaction entre la motivation à l'arrêt (test de Richmond), la maturation de la décision (Prochaska...
Introduction
L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier les facteurs prédictifs de la réussite du sevrage tabagique et leurs interactions dans le pronostic de l’arrêt.
Méthodes
Les données de 1367 consultants dans un centre d’aide à l’arrêt du tabac de Clermont-Ferrand (Auvergne-France) entre 1899 et 2009 (exhaustivité 89 %) sont étudiées. Le sevr...
L’usage hors autorisation de mise sur le marché (AMM) du sulfate de morphine (SdM) à but récréatif ou comme alternative aux traitements de substitution aux opiacés (TSO) est mal connu. Notre objectif est d’en évaluer les risques. Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, l’incidence des overdoses et du comportement de doctor shopping ont été compar...
Appendix A: Richmond test. Appendix B: The hospital anxiety and depression scale.
(DOCX)
Introduction
The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the results of smoking cessation attempts.
Methods
Data were collected in Clermont-Ferrand from a smoking cessation clinic between 1999 and 2009 (1,361 patients). Smoking cessation was considered a success when patients were abstinent 6 months after the beginning of cessati...
Background:
Understanding the factors leading to smoking cessation is of primary importance in reducing the death burden. Recently introduced in the DSM-5, craving is a potentially promising mechanism involved in relapse, but its articulation with quality of life and deprivation on tobacco student's consumers has never been investigated.
Objectiv...
Background:
Suicide is a major public health concern and suicide attempts (SA) are frequent and burdensome in people suffering from substance use disorders (SUDs). In particular, serious SAs are a preoccupying form of attempt, which remain largely overlooked in these populations, especially regarding basic risk factors such as gender, addictive co...
Rationale: Addiction prevention is a major public health problem, particularly concerning young people. Despite the consensus that primary prevention is essential, the evaluation of its impact is questioned.
Objective: The objective of this paper is to assess the latest knowledge of addiction prevention programs for young people.
Method: Review a c...
Introduction. The aim of this study is to identify predictors of the results of smoking cessation attempts. Methods. Data were collected in Clermont-Ferrand from a smoking cessation clinic between 1999 and 2009 (1,367 patients). Smoking cessation was considered a success when patients were abstinent 6 months after the beginning of cessation. Multiv...
Objective
Alcohol use disorders and bipolar disorder commonly co-occur and both are associated with more pejorative outcomes, thus constituting a major public health problem. We undertook this synthetic review to provide an update on this issue in order to clarify the nature of the relationship between the two disorders, improve clinical outcomes,...
Background:
Binge drinking (BD) consists of heavy episodic alcohol use. Whereas the World Health Organization (WHO) defines BD as 60 g of alcohol or more per occasion, the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) conceives BD as drinking 70 g (men) or 56 g (women) in less than two hours. We compared the subjects delineated by each...
Purpose:
Brief intervention to reduce cannabis is a promising technique that could be adapted for use in primary care, but it has not been well studied in this setting. We tested the efficacy of a brief intervention conducted by general practitioners among cannabis users aged 15 to 25 years.
Methods:
We performed a cluster randomized controlled...
Since the 1990s, the use of prescription opioids has largely spread, which has brought a real progress in the treatment of pain. The long-term use of prescription opioid is sometimes required, and may lead to pharmacological tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, i.e. pharmacological dependence on prescription opioids. Occasionally, this may also lead...
Citations
... This description has however been contested and criticized as an expression of moralism and sex negativity (Dodge et al., 2004;Neves, 2021;Reay, Attwood & Gooder, 2013). Depending on view, different forms of treatment is suggested (van Tuijl et al., 2020), and assessment instruments developed (Miele et al., 2023). Those who advocate compulsive sexuality as a disease and addiction generally suggest 12-step treatment while critics argue that this method is ineffective and can lead to a worsened situation for individuals undergoing it (Neves, 2021). ...
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... Regardless of these recognized high risks, the drug's consumption has been on the rise worldwide since the mid-2000s, in spite of a previous decrease in the 1990s [5,15]. Perceived availability and medical control or simply physicians' professional stress might be behind medical doctors using cannabis [11,[21][22][23]. Young doctors and medical students experience higher levels of stress, are more vulnerable in crises and emergency situations, and are therefore at higher risk of poly-substance consumption, both legal and illegal [21,[23][24][25][26]. ...
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... Other countries have reported generalised increased consumption of psychotropic drugs during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, namely Croatia [35], France [3,19], Spain [10] and Brazil [6]. ...
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... Previous research has addressed the aforementioned variables independently [28]. The present study will be the first to develop and present a structural equation model that analyzes the effect of the variables described above as a function of the time adolescents spend engaging in physical activity. ...
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... However, it is not sufficient if pharmacists do not understand that they are healthcare professionals or act accordingly, as reported by the participants in this study. Despite the efforts of Professional Associations to define this discourse, in practice, the literature routinely points out that the pharmacist is the barrier for the profession to present itself as a "medicine consultant" aligned with the discourse of patient-centered professionalism [1,3,[62][63][64][65]. ...
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... Consequently, combining sensory-based interventions with NIBS may present a relevant treatment strategy for all these disorders. This is for instance the case for patients with schizophrenia, particularly those with prominent negative symptoms [110], and for patients with substance use and related disorder [111]. ...
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... Recent research into the use of technology by adolescents to enhance sleep indicates that there is a movement to employ all resources, even those that have been previously labeled as risks, such as phone use at night (Daniels et al., 2023). Similarly, in a small study of French adolescents in lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, the peer group had less influence than usual, and spending more time with family caused less stress and substance use than they usually experienced (Bourduge et al., 2022). Diverse thinking about technology and developmental norms could be part of the research community's future contribution to this issue. ...
... Risk factors for cocaine-induced psychosis are younger age of the first use, higher doses, intravenous or smoking (e.g., crack cocaine) use methods, other PS abuse, lower body weight, antisocial personality traits, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and some concomitant prescribed medications [43,44]. Specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the dopamine genes as VMAT2 are highly associated with the development of cocaine-induced psychosis [45]. New-onset psychosis occurrs in almost 1 in 660 ADHD adolescent patients and young adults who are on prescription stimulants [46•]. ...
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... Despite the well-documented health hazards associated with smoking, many medical professionals, including psychiatrists and nurses, start or persist in smoking. A recent review covering 246 studies and 497081 doctors showed that the smoking rate was 17% among psychiatrists 5 . Another study on cigarette smoking among mental health professionals found that 16.1% of psychiatrists and 10% of psychiatric nurses were smokers, respectively 6 . ...
... Nevertheless, we can hypothesize that in this sample of patients with severe CUD entering an inpatient detoxification program, the occurrence of cocaine withdrawal symptoms is frequent and could lead to depressive symptoms. Indeed, patients using high doses and having high dopaminergic signs of cocaine intoxication are highly vulnerable to depression-like withdrawal symptoms.28 While we could not identify published studies showing an improvement of cocaine withdrawal symptoms with SSRI antidepressants in patients currently using cocaine, it is common in clinical practice to prescribe them to attenuate the "downs" occurring some hours or days after each cocaine use. ...
