George W. Hudler's research while affiliated with Cornell University and other places

... This pathogen turned out to be pathogenic for beech roots after inoculation on seedlings, thus meeting Koch's postulate. P. x cambivora is commonly known as a highly aggressive pathogen towards beech, contributing to a decline in health both in North America (USA) and in several European countries (Day 1939;Jung et al. 2005a, b;Orlikowski et al. 2006;Jung 2009;Nelson et al. 2010;Nechwatal et al. 2011;Milenković et al. 2012;Telfer et al. 2015;Jung et al. 2017a, b;Oszako et al. 2019;Corcobado et al. 2022). In Slovakia, this species was confirmed by Jung et al. (2016). ...

... The highest number of predicted proteins were present in Pgt 21-0 (37,843) and Pgt Ug99 (37,820) in comparison to other rust pathogen proteomes ( Table 1). The proteome composition was identical in P. sorghi (21,078), Pst CY32 (20,482), Pst 78 (20,502), P. novopanici (16,622), Pgt 75-36-700-3 (15,979) and Pt BBBD1 (15,685), although there is an observed variation in their genome sizes ( Table 1). The variation in their genome size and proteome composition indicates a structural variation at large between the genomes that might aid them in their own functional adaptation to their hosts. ...

... Since its sister species P. limosa (including the informally designated P. taxon citricola III and P. citricola taxon 22F3; Hong et al. 2011, Brazee et al. 2017) has so far been found mainly in forests and waterbodies in the USA it seems likely that both species are native to North America. Indeed, the high aggressiveness of P. pini and P. limosa (as P. citricola III) to the common European beech tree, Fagus sylvatica, planted as an ornamental in North American parks and in pathogenicity tests (Jung et al. 2005, Weiland et al. 2010, Kenaley et al. 2014, is a strong argument against a European origin of both these pathogens. ...

... Ginger is widely grown, and its production is estimated at approximately four million metric tonnes each year (FAOSTAT, 2020). Soft-rot caused by P. myriotylum is one of the major diseases of ginger and causes substantial economic losses (Le, Smith et al., 2014). However, there are a limited number of effective chemical and biological products to control Pythium soft-rot disease of ginger, and furthermore these studies may also not indicate which Pythium species was the cause of the soft rot (Le, Smith et al., 2014;Rai, Golińska et al., 2019). ...

... As an innate response to mechanical wounding, spring sap-flows are distinct from bleeding canker symptoms accompanied by tissue necrosis under bark and tree decline (Nelson and Hudler 2007;Yun et al. 2013). Whether and how the planktonic or biofilm phases of spring sap-flows affect the development of bleeding canker symptoms remains unclear in allied tree species. ...

... infecting willow (Ziller, 1974). Recent studies based on morphology and ribosomal DNA sequences have revealed that M. epitea is a species complex (Smith et al., 2004;Bennett et al., 2011;Kenaley et al., 2014;Zhao et al., 2017). In total, 12-14 phylotypes were recognized in North America (Smith et al., 2004), and more recently, Zhao et al. (2017) have described 13 species based on specimens collected from East Asia. ...

... As tree pathogens, Phytophthora are most damaging as root rots and stem cankers, but they can also cause foliar blights. Infection can lead to reduced growth, plus an increased sensitivity to drought, herbivores, and other stresses [4][5][6], the decline and death of individual trees, and even widespread mortality in the landscape [1]. Their diverse host ranges, persistence in soil once introduced, and potential for highly damaging outbreaks have made Phytophthora species some of the most important plant pathogens regarding plant health and management practices. ...

... Oak wilt, the systemic vascular disease caused by the pathogen, has been reported in more than 825 counties in 24 states (Juzwik et al. 2011). Recently, the disease range has expanded to include New York, with new oak wilt centers documented in upstate New York since 2008 (Jensen-Tracy et al. 2009) and on Long Island in southeastern New York since 2016 (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 2020). Significant portions of Michigan, Minnesota, Texas, and Wisconsin have experienced ongoing epidemics in recent decades, although disease suppression programs have also been underway in most of these states since the early 1990s (Juzwik et al. 2011). ...

... Availability and limits of mitigation measures Hudler and Neal (1990) demonstrated that postharvest treatments (hot water treatment and sodium hypochlorite treatment) led to complete eradication of the pathogen from seedlings. Bernhold et al. (2006) found that slash removal and piling of infected material were not enough to eradicate infection sources and concluded that burning or complete removal of slash would be needed to reduce inoculum sources further. ...

... A serious decline and dieback of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands caused by widespread fine root losses, root rot and aerial bleeding cankers has been observed across Europe in recent decades and 17 Phytophthora species have been obtained from affected European beech forests including several invasive species driving the disease, i.e. P. cactorum, P. plurivora and P. ×cambivora (Cacciola et al., 2005;Corcobado et al., 2020;Jung, 2009;Jung et al., 2005Jung et al., , 2013aJung et al., , 2018aJung et al., , 2019Schmitz et al., 2009;Stępniewska & Dłuszyński, 2010;Telfer et al., 2015). In several countries, including Bavaria (Germany) and Austria, the initiation of the Phytophthora outbreak on beech was found associated with the alternation between extensive and long-lasting heavy rain and severe droughts during the vegetation period Jung, 2009). ...