George J. Demko's research while affiliated with Dartmouth College and other places

Publications (17)

Article
Full-text available
A panel of geographers and other specialists on the Soviet Union examines a range of economic and territorial issues shaping Siberia's past, present, and future. These include a history of local particularism and colonial rule imposed by the center; internal contradictions reflecting the region's enormous size and diversity; dynamics of population...
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In the modern era the worlds refugee problem has changed magnitude and location; it has expanded from a local to a continental and now global scale issue. About 90% of the worlds 10 million refugees are from developing countries and over 90% of these will stay there. Refugee generating and receiving countries are concentrated in 5 world regions: Ce...
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Developed and developing nations are generally dissatisfied with the spatial distributions of their populations. Dissatisfaction is particularly acute on the part of developing nations which view their problems of population distribution as more serious than those of natural increase. The overwhelming majority of governments have already adopted po...
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This study focuses on growth and change in the urban system of the Republic of Korea over the past three decades. In an analysis of system-wide and subregional growth trends, with particular emphasis given to the Gini coefficient of population concentration, two stages of development are identified. During the 1950s and early 1960s, the system expe...
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There is a broad similarity in the general approaches of the developed Western and socialist nations toward population distribution policy, despite major political and ideological differences between the two groups of countries and individual nation-by-nation differences in the details of policy instruments employed. In both groups of countries, po...
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ABSTRACT Many studies have documented the existence of spatial socio-economic inequalities in developing nations, as well as developed, Western nations with market economies. Such spatial inequalities generally have been ascribed to deficiencies in the political, social, and economic systems prevailing in these states. Some writers have implied tha...
Article
The number of commuters in the USSR is estimated to have reached 10–12 million in 1970. Commuting remains understudied by Soviet scholars because of a lack of agreement on its role in relation to migration and other forms of mobility, and inadequacies in available data sources. Analysis of 1970 sample census data show rural commuting to be relative...
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Zelinsky's mobility transition hypothesis is applied to postwar changes in mobility in Eastern Europe, where commuting has come to substitute for rural-urban migration in converting a rural work force to urban industrial employment. The transition in Eastern Europe has been affected by government policies regarding industrialization, housing, urban...

Citations

... There were, however, some initial concerns raised about the physical limits on this potential. Some more cautious observers reminded us that Ukraine's industry was decapitalized, polluting, energy intensive, out-dated, and disproportionately concentrated in defense, and that its agricultural potential was similarly reduced by cultivation practices and a labor intensive, aging workforce (Bond, 1992;Golitsyn, 1993;Tedstrom, 1991, Rowen et al., 1994. And although observers recognized that Ukraine would have to build a state and transform an economy simultaneously, few anticipated how ineptly Ukraine would perform the latter task. ...
... Most of the existing studies on the relationship between commuting patterns and the spatial structure of agglomerations revolves around the process of urban sprawl (Couch, Leontidou & Arnstberg 2007;Travisi, Camagni & Nijkamp 2010;Kabisch & Haase 2011). In Latvia, the effects of commuting in relation to the development of Riga agglomeration were already studied during the socialism period (Bauls 1978;Fuchs & Demko 1978;Bauls & Koziols 1989;Filimonenko 1991). ...
... Perusal of an introductory urban geography textbook (Hartshorn, 1980) popular when I was a graduate student revealed an impressive listing, including: a threefold classification explaining the locational patterns of cities in terms of size and spacing (Harris and Ullman, 1945); the best-known functional classification of cities according to economic activity categories (Harris, 1943); elaboration of the tributary area/ urban field concept in a classic case study of Salt Lake City (Harris, 1940); pioneering studies of the relationship between economic activity, population, and distance (the so-called "market potential," e.g., Harris, 1954); and the well-known multiple-nuclei model of urban structure (Harris and Ullman, 1945). 3 A second reason is that in the field focused on the geography of the USSR an appraisal of the early contributions of Chauncy Harris already exists (Rodgers, 1984), as part of a collection of essays published in commemoration of his retirement as the Samuel N. Harper Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago (Demko and Fuchs, 1984). So one ought to do no more than briefly note some of the major accomplishments documented in that paper. ...
... De acordo com Konishi (2013, p. 70), La Civilisation teve sua publicação proibida na Rússia, mas foi muito lido em uma época de crise do Populismo Russo, quando o movimento se dividiu em vários grupos, alguns dos quais se aproximaram do marxismo. Ressalta-se ainda que La Civilisation… foi lido e citado por autores como Euclides da Cunha (2000, p. 119), Walter Benjamin (1968 123) e ainda por V. A. Anuchin (1977), importante teórico da geografia russa. ...
... Much incidental information on his life and work can be gleaned from several memorial essays, including those devoted to Robert Platt (1964c), Charles Colby (1966), Edward Ullman (1977a), Stephen Jones (1985b), Theodore Shabad (1987a), and Harold Mayer (1990a). The three Festschriften published in his honor offer a wide array of rewarding comment on his contribution to and influence on studies of the Soviet Union (Demko and Fuchs 1984), modern urban change (Conzen 1986), and city modeling (Ehlers 1992). ...
... RUSM in China shares many similarities with that in other countries, but it also exhibits some peculiarities due to China's unique household registration (hukou) system [8]. For instance, rural-urban population mobility in European countries was significantly tied to industrialization during the mid-20th century, with RUSM closely linked to rural-urban labor mobility [9]. However, RUSM in China shows a trend that is not synchronized with rural-urban labor mobility. ...
... In their famous paper, Konrád and Szelényi published the theory of 'under-urbanisation' and became one of the most cited authors of socialist urbanisation (Konrád, Gy. and Szelényi, I. 1974). Later, more papers confirmed the concept of underurbanisation and emphasised the unique nature of socialist urbanisation (Kansky, K.J. 1976;Fuchs, R.J. and Demko, G.J. 1979;Fuchs, R.J. 1980). ...
... For instance, in Spain and-more latently-in Italy, suburbanized areas showed high fertility, in contrast with medium-sized and smaller urban centers with lower birth rates [48,[130][131][132][133]. Despite contributing significantly to such dynamics, suburban fertility seems to be a persistent trait of local communities during economic expansion, decreasing in intensity with economic stagnation and thus being less representative of such dynamics [134][135][136]. In this sense, recession ledamong other effects-to heterogeneous fertility patterns, possibly consolidating regional demographic divides and the impact of local contexts [137][138][139]. ...
... Between the late 1970s and 1991, the traditional ethnic shares of Belize's population were significantly modified by selective patterns of immigration and emigration. Civil war in El Salvador, political turmoil in Nicaragua, and ethnic oppression in the Guatemalan Peten induced massive immigration of Spanish-and Maya-speaking peoples to Belize (Demko and Wood 1987). Several circumstances promoted these population movements. ...
... For this purpose, we will examine the typical commuters and variations in commuting time by different population groups. We focus on commuter profiles since the studies of commuting during the socialist period also often overlooked the individual characteristics of commuters and focused rather on the relations between metropolitan form, labour market and commuting flows (Fuchs & Demko, 1977, 1978a, 1978bKiseleva, 1976). While a few studies on commuter profiles from the post-socialist period do exist (see Paci, Tiongson, Walewsi, & Liwiń ski, 2010;Tammaru, 2005), detailed studies on variations in commuting time between population groups are missing. ...