Francine Ntoumi's research while affiliated with University of Tuebingen and other places
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Publications (323)
Background
Insecticides are a crucial component of vector control. However, resistance constitute a threat on their efficacy and the gains obtained over the years through malaria vector control. In Gabon, little data on phenotypic insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors are published, preventing the rational implementation of resistance managem...
We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travel...
Background: Delays in accurate diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) can hinder treatment. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) provides more information than standard molecular and phenotypic testing, but commonly used platforms are expensive to implement, and data interpretation requires significant expertise.
Aims: We aimed to optimise a TB...
Background: Lassa fever (LF) virus (LASV) is endemic in Sierra Leone and poses a significant public health threat to the region; however, no risk factors for LASV infection have been reported in Sierra Leone. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for LASV infection in an endemic community in Sierra Leone.
Methods: We conducte...
Background
Mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles gambiae sensu lato complex play a major role in malaria transmission across Africa. This study assessed the relative importance of members of An. gambiae s.l. in malaria transmission in two rural villages in the Republic of the Congo.
Methods
Adult mosquitoes were collected using electric aspirators...
Scientific research is essential to improve the health and well-being of people around the world, and to respond to health emergencies. Since the 1960s many ethical and professional guidance documents have been adopted, typically focusing on individual researchers’ responsibilities to conduct ethical, good quality scientific studies. But to what ex...
Background: The efficacy of immunization against an airborne pathogen depends in part on its ability to induce antibodies at the major entry site of the virus, the mucosa. Recent studies have revealed that mucosal immunity is poorly activated after vaccination with mRNA vaccines, thus failing in blocking virus acquisition upon its site of initial e...
Background
Malaria remains a major public health problem in the Republic of Congo, with Plasmodium falciparum being the deadliest species of Plasmodium in humans. Vector transmission of malaria is poorly studied in the country and no previous report compared rural and urban data. This study aimed to determine the Anopheles fauna and the entomologic...
A clinical trial is intrinsically a collaborative undertaking. The complex steps, including identifying the biological mechanisms, discovering products, preclinical studies, and the clinical development from phase 1 to 3 clinical trials allowing market authorisation of a product, are unlikely to be feasible for a single institution or a country alo...
Background
The efficacy of immunization against an airborne pathogen depends in part on its ability to induce antibodies at the major entry site of the virus, the mucosa. Recent studies have revealed that mucosal immunity is poorly activated after vaccination with messenger RNA vaccines, thus failing in blocking virus acquisition upon its site of i...
Background
The design of this study was intended to evaluate the use of saliva as a reliable non-invasive tool for the genomic and immunological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Republic of Congo.
Methods
During this cross-sectional study, the active infection was determined by detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA using RT-PCR in 220 paired saliva...
Background
Emergence and spread of P.falciparum strains resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), poses a significant threat to global malaria control efforts. Therefore, the close monitoring of molecular markers is essential as an early warning system to detect the emergence and spread of resistance. This study aims to assess th...
Background
Unlike in developed countries, most infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) and malaria continue to cause deaths in low-income countries. Recent studies have shown that hepatotoxicity during TB treatment may be related to the Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase (NAT2) acetylator polymorphism especially in countries with high TB incidence...
Background
Growing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine threatens the effectiveness of the intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in malaria endemic areas. WHO recommends discontinuation in case of ineffectiveness as determined by over 95% and 10% prevalence of K540E a...
Background
Deadly emerging infectious pathogens pose an unprecedented challenge to health systems worldwide, especially in the Republic of Congo, where health care infrastructure is limited. Thus the COVID-19 pandemic has been an opportunity to improve the national genomic platform that could be expand to all circulating pathogens serving surveilla...
Background
Tuberculosis (TB), HIV and Helminths are serious overlapping public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. This triple burden may lead to accelerated disease progression. Although HIV is integrated in TB programs in Cameroon, data on TB-helminth co-infection still remains limited. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of hel...
Lassa fever (LF) is a potentially lethal viral haemorrhagic infection of humans caused by Lassa mammarenavirus (LASV). It is an important endemic zoonotic disease in West Africa with growing evidence for increasing frequency and sizes of outbreaks. Phylogeographic and molecular epidemiology methods have projected expansion of the Lassa fever endemi...
Introduction
While the global COVID-19 pandemic is slowly coming under control, current efforts are focused on understanding the epidemiology of endemic SARS-CoV-2. The tool of choice for doing so remains serological tests that detect SARS-CoV-2 induced antibodies. However, the performance of these tests should be evaluated to ensure they comply wi...
Global health, particularly in underserved settings can benefit immensely from well-trained community health workers (CHWs) supporting primary healthcare interventions. They can reduce morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases like malaria. Disease control programs can particularly benefit from a tight link between CHWs and communities and sev...
With limited up to date data from the Republic of Congo, the aim of this study was to investigate allelic polymorphism of merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1) and merozoite surface protein-2 (msp-2). This will help assess the genetic diversity and multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection (MOI), from uncomplicated malaria individuals living in...
The 2022 global outbreak of human Mpox (formerly monkeypox) virus (MPXV) infection outside of the usual endemic zones in Africa challenged our understanding of the virus’s natural history, transmission dynamics, and risk factors. This outbreak has highlighted the need for diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics, and implementation research, all of whic...
Objective
HIV has been reported to interfere with protective vaccination against multiple pathogens, usually through the decreased effectiveness of the antibody responses. We aimed to assess neutralizing antibody responses induced by COVID-19 vaccination in PLWH in Brazzaville, Republique of Congo
Method
The study was conducted at the Ambulatory Tr...
Lassa fever (LF) is a potentially lethal viral haemorrhagic infection of humans caused by Lassa mammarenavirus (LASV). It is an important endemic zoonotic disease in West Africa with growing evidence for increasing frequency and sizes of outbreaks. Phylogeographic and molecular epidemiology methods have projected expansion of the Lassa fever endemi...
Background:
Malaria infections during pregnancy can cause adverse birth outcomes, yet many infections are undetected by microscopy. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of submicroscopic malaria infections in pregnant women in Asia, the Americas, and Africa using aggregated and individual participant data (IPD).
Methods:
For this systematic rev...
Polymorphisms in the genes encoding the merozoite surface proteins msp-1 and msp-2 are widely used markers for characterizing the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum. This study aimed to compare the genetic diversity of circulating parasite strains in rural and urban settings in the Republic of Congo after the introduction of artemisinin-bas...
Citation: Krueger, T.; Ikegbunam, M.; Lissom, A.; Sandri, T.L.; Ntabi, J.D.M.; Djontu, J.C.; Baina, M.T.; Lontchi, R.A.L.; Maloum, M.; Ella, G.Z.; et al. Low Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 and 3 Gene Deletions-A Multiregional Study in Central and West Africa. Pathogens 2023, 12, 455. Abstract: Plasmodium falciparum par...
World Tuberculosis (TB) Day, March 24th, 2023, will commemorate the day in 1882 when Professor Robert Koch announced his discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) when TB ravaged Europe. Over a century later, in 1993, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB a global health emergency. Since then, there have been 60 million deaths due to...
Objectives
We compared the global reported cumulative case-fatality ratio (rCFR) and excess mortality between top-20 countries with COVID-19 vaccination rates, the rest of the world and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) before and after commencement of vaccination programmes.
Methods
We performed time series model to understand the trend of rCFR over time...
Background:
Malaria control efforts are highly skewed towards Plasmodium falciparum while overlooking other Plasmodium species such as P. malariae. A better understanding of the role of Plasmodium species other than P. falciparum is needed to strengthen malaria elimination initiatives. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the contribution...
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed faults in the way we assess preparedness and response capacities for public health emergencies. Existing frameworks are limited in scope, and do not sufficiently consider complex social, economic, political, regulatory, and ecological factors. One Health, through its focus on the links among humans, animals, and ec...
There has been a renewed focus on threats to the human–animal–environment interface as a result of the COVID-19
pandemic, and investments in One Health collaborations are expected to increase. Efforts to monitor the development
of One Health Networks (OHNs) are essential to avoid duplication or misalignment of investments. This Series paper
shows t...
Background
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is one of the world’s classical neglected tropical diseases representing a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the parasitic disease is in decline in the Republic of Congo, the better understanding of the epidemiological situation of active foci is required to reduce the risk of...
Recurrent disease outbreaks caused by a range of emerging and resurging pathogens over the past decade reveal major gaps in public health preparedness, detection, and response systems in Africa. Underlying causes of recurrent disease outbreaks include inadequacies in the detection of new infectious disease outbreaks in the community, in rapid patho...
COVID-19 underscores the need to reimagine North–South partnerships and redefine best practices for building public health and research capacity to address emergent health threats and pandemic preparedness in low- and-middle income countries (LMICs). Historically, outbreak and emergency responses have failed to ensure that the Global South has the...
Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19...
Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 r...
Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19...
Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 r...
For more than two years after the emergence of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019), significant regional differences in morbidity persist. These differences clearly show lower incidence rates in several regions of the African and Asian continents. The work reported here aimed to test the hypothesis of a pre-pandemic natural immunity acquired by som...
Background
Malaria and helminthic parasites are endemic in tropical countries, and co-infections might influence host-parasite interactions. In this community-based cross-sectional study, the effect that the presence of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) (Hookworm, Hymenolepis nana) and Schistosoma haematobium infections could have on the immunoglobu...
Objectives: Data on Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) prevalence in urban settings and pastoral areas of Tanzania are scarce. We performed a cross-sectional study of RVFV seroprevalence and determinants in humans and animals from Ilala, Rufiji, and Sengerema districts of Tanzania. Methods: Blood samples from the study participants were tested for anti...
The creation of global research partnerships is critical to produce shared knowledge for the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Sustainability science promotes the coproduction of inter- and transdisciplinary knowledge, with the expectation that studies will be carried out through groups and truly collaborative networ...
Introduction: human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical infection, and surveillance of the disease relies on community
participation in screening. This study aimed to identify the main factors associated with low community uptake of the HAT screening in endemic districts in the Republic of Congo.
Methods: a cross-sectional survey...
The COVID‐19 pandemic has reinforced the critical role of ethics and community engagement in designing and conducting clinical research during infectious disease outbreaks where no vaccine or treatment already exists. In reviewing current practices across Africa, we distinguish between three distinct roles for community engagement in clinical resea...
Abstract Background Assessing immune responses after vaccination is part of the evaluation package of vaccine effectiveness in the real world. Regarding SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibody levels has been shown to be a good indicator of antibody immune response boosting. So far, limited data have been reported from Africa including in Central Africa....
Since January 2022, and as of 15th June 2022, a total of 2103 laboratory-confirmed cases of monkeypox, including one death, have been reported to the WHO from 42 countries in five of six WHO regions (WHO 2022a; European Centers for Disease Control 2022). The majority (84%) of confirmed cases (n=1773) are in the WHO European Region, and only a few h...
Background
Data on Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) prevalence in urban settings and pastoral areas of Tanzania are scarce. We performed a cross-sectional study to determine its seroprevalence and determinants in humans and animals from Ilala, Rufiji and Sengerema districts of Tanzania.
Methods
Blood samples from the study subjects were tested for R...
On the 8 th of May, 2018, an outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) was declared, originating in the Bikoro region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) near the border with neighboring Republic of the Congo (ROC). Frequent trade and migration occur between DRC and ROC-based communities residing along the Congo River. In June 2018, a field t...
Background
Although Plasmodium falciparum infection is largely documented and this parasite is the main target for malaria eradication, other Plasmodium species persist, and these require more attention in Africa. Information on the epidemiological situation of non-P. falciparum species infections is scarce in many countries, including in the Democ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) Lineage 3 (L3) strains are abundant in world regions with the highest tuberculosis burden. To investigate the population structure and the global diversity of this major lineage, we analyzed a dataset comprising 2682 L3 strains from 38 countries over 5 continents, by employing 24-loci mycobacterial interspe...
Perspective
: We explain research gaps on Monkeypox (MPX) virus epidemiology in endemic countries and present hypotheses for the recent increase of MPX cases in West Africa as a possible explanation for the current epidemic in Europe, America, and Australia. The detection of >270 MPX cases in less than a month in May 2022, across many countries und...
As the world recovers from the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic and reflects on lessons learnt from failure of global public health systems to contain the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2,1 new infectious disease threats, caused by movement of people globally, remain omnipresent, and repeated calls2 for more proactive action go unheeded. This is aptly s...
Background:
The current mainstay for control/elimination of onchocerciasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) relies on ivermectin- and mebendazole/albendazole-based preventive chemotherapies. However, children under five years of age have been excluded in both research activities and control programs, because they were believed to have insi...
Investment in Africa over the past year with regards to SARS-CoV-2 genotyping has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, exceeding 100,000 genomes generated to track the pandemic on the continent. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries able to sequence within their own borders, coupled with a decrease in sequ...
Background
Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood films remains the reference standard for malaria parasite detection and quantification, but is undermined by difficulties in ensuring high-quality manual reading and inter-reader reliability. Automated parasite detection and quantification may address this issue.
Methods
A multi-centre, ob...
More than a year after the emergence of COVID-19, significant regional differences in terms of morbidity persist, showing in particular lower incidence rates in some regions of Africa or Asia. The work reported here aims to test for a pre-pandemic natural immunity among populations in central and western Africa and a suspected SARS-CoV-2 original a...
Background
Investigating whether the multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection (MOI) is related to pregnancy outcomes, is of interest in sub-Saharan area where malaria is highly endemic. The present study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of P. falciparum in women at delivery from Southern Brazzaville, and investigate whether the MO...
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae infections are prevalent in malaria-endemic countries. However, very little is known about their interactions especially the effect of P. malariae on P. falciparum genetic diversity. This study aimed to assess P. falciparum genetic diversity in P. falciparum and mixed infection P. falciparum/P. malariae...
Objectives:
Investments into 'blue skies' fundamental TB research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have not been forthcoming. We highlight why blue skies research will be essential for achieving global TB control and eradicating TB.
Methods:
We review the historical background to early TB discovery research and give examples of where...
Objective
To review the data presented in the 2021 WHO global TB report and discuss the current constraints in the global response.
Introduction and methods
The WHO global TB reports, consolidate TB data from countries and provide up to date assessment of the global TB epidemic. We reviewed the data presented in the 2021 report.
Results
We noted...
Francine Ntoumi is a Congolese parasitologist, founder, chair and executive director of the Congolese Foundation for Medical Research, Republic of Congo, and research group leader at the University of Tübingen, Germany. She established the first research centre on infectious diseases in the Republic of Congo.
Objectives
Tuberculosis remains a global emergency. In Zambia only 55% of tuberculosis cases are diagnosed. We performed a study to determine incidental cases of tuberculosis seen at forensic autopsy of individuals who died suddenly and unexpectedly in the community in Lusaka, Zambia.
Methods
Whole-body autopsies were performed according to Standa...
Background
The SARS-CoV-2 variants have been emerging and is shown to increase transmissibility, pathogenicity, and decreased vaccine efficacies. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution, prevalence, and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Brazzaville, the Republic of Congo (ROC).
Methods
Between December 2020 and J...
Background
The unprecedented and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has exposed weaknesses in African countries’ health systems. The impact of shifted focus on COVID-19 for the past 2 years on routine health services, especially those for the epidemics of Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and Malaria, have been dramatic in both quantity and quality.
Methods
In this a...
Background: The diversity in the lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) was initially considered insignificant. However, comparative genomics analysis of MTBC have found genomic variation among the genotypes with potential phenotypic implications.
Objective: Therefore, this viewpoint seeks to discuss the impact of the identified geno...
Background
Assessing immune responses after vaccination is part of the evaluation package of vaccine effectiveness in the real world. With regard to SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibody levels has been shown to be a good indicator of antibody immune response boosting. So far, limited data have been reported from Africa including in Central Africa. The...
Suphodoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) acts by inhibiting P. falciparum replication, therefore, long term use of SP in malarial endemic sittings as intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) during pregnancy might lead to increased risk of submicroscopic parasitaemia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of submicroscopic P. falciparum infectio...
Globally 58.83% human population received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccines as of 5 January 2021. COVID-19 vaccination rollout is progressing at varied rates globally and data on the impact of mass vaccination on infection and case-fatality rates require definition. We compared the global reported cumulative case-fatality rate (rCFR) betwe...
Objectives
: As limited data are available from Central Africa, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab prevalence in indigenous residents, in Bomassa, a village located in the Sangha Region in the Republic of Congo.
Methods
: Plasma and oropharyngeal swabs samples were collected from 304 healthy adult individuals, rand...
Among the Plasmodium species that infect humans, P. falciparum has been largely studied in malaria endemic areas. However , P. malariae infection is less documented among the human population. This study aimed to monitor the prevalence and distribution of P. malariae in Southern Benin. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural localities in t...
Background
There is paucity of data on the prevalence and distribution of multidrug- Resistant-Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the Republic of Congo. Among the challenges resides the implementation of a robust TB resistance diagnostic program using molecular tools. In resource limited settings there is a need to gather data to enable prioritization of act...
Background: Cysticercosis is a WHO designated neglected human zoonoses worldwide. Data on cardiac cysticercosis and its contribution to sudden and unexpected community deaths are scarce and require study.
Methods: We performed a study of cysticercosis-related deaths and other incidental cases of cysticercosis seen at forensic post-mortem examinatio...
Nearly two years since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which has caused over 5 million deaths, the world continues to be on high COVID-19 alert. The World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with national authorities, public health institutions and scientists have been closely monitoring and assessing the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 since...
Background
In Phase II/III randomized controlled clinical trials for the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria, pyronaridine–artesunate demonstrated high efficacy and a safety profile consistent with that of comparators, except that asymptomatic, mainly mild-to-moderate transient increases in liver aminotransferases were reported for some patien...
More than a year after the emergence of COVID-19, significant regional differences in terms of morbidity persist, showing lower incidence rates in central Africa. The work reported here aims to test for a pre-pandemic natural immunity among populations in this region. To identify such pre-existing immunity, sera samples collected before the emergen...
Introduction
Accurate diagnosis of chikungunya is essential for effective disease management and surveillance. In a cohort of febrile Congolese patients, we evaluated available diagnostic methods widely used in chikungunya diagnosis. In addition, plasma cytokines were quantified in chikungunya patients and in patients coinfected with malaria compar...
Early detection of Ebola virus spillover into wildlife is crucial for rapid response. We developed and validated a portable, cold-chain independent Ebola virus RT-qPCR assay.
Methods
The field syringe-based RNA extraction method was compared with a conventional laboratory-based spin-column RNA extraction method. Next, the qPCR efficiency and limit...
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a complex threat to global health security and universal health coverage. Recently, nosocomial infections with carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) is increasing worldwide. We report the molecular characterization and detection of genes associated with carbapenemase producing Gram negat...
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of the global COVID-19 infectious disease outbreak, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, it is still unclear how the virus interferes with immune cell and metabolic functions in the human body. In this study, we investigated the immune response in acute or convalescent CO...
Background
The emergence of high consequence pathogens such as Ebola and SARS-CoV-2, along with the continued burden of neglected diseases such as rabies, has highlighted the need for preparedness for emerging and endemic infectious diseases of zoonotic origin in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using a One Health approach. To identify trends in SSA prepar...
Citations
... The screening strategies are reported in terms of political commitments, as the Prevention and Systematic Screening Initiative, which is a new approach to technical assistance, focused on prevention and systematic screening, to end TB in the WHO European Region by 2030 [ 10 , 11 ]. Screening procedures and TPT are also discussed, with a focus on persons moving from high-to low-TB endemic countries [12] . This highlights the importance of identifying persons with TB infection and ensuring they receive TPT to prevent the re-activation of latent TB infection (LTBI) toward TB disease, leading to further transmission. ...
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... Based on a recent world health report on malaria, the global prevalence and associated death rate due to malaria remain high 12 . The burden due to malaria disease is reportedly highest in sub-Saharan countries 13 . Malaria is managed with antimalarials 14 .The penchant for the high resistance by malaria parasites, notably Plasmodium falciparium and P. vivax against existing drug mono-therapies necessitated the formulation of combination therapies 10 . ...
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... As this callto-action advocates for increased youth involvement in health research, a spotlight on equity is indispensable to ensure balanced representation inclusive of marginalized communities and individuals. This approach transcends bridging health research gaps; it aims at addressing disparities in contributions among different youth groups, thereby promoting a more equitable research landscape [32]. Envisioning the future, this call foresees Africa steering global health research, with African researchers, buoyed by youthful zest, innovation, and resilience, leading transformative research endeavours. ...
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... Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a highly infectious and lethal disease caused by a virus called Ebola virus [5] ( fig. 2). The Ebola virus can be transmitted through a patient's aerosol, respiratory droplets, body fluids, urine, feces, and contact. ...
... The geographic mixture of Sub-lineage 2g evident in our goat sequences suggests that the spatial distribution and movement of the lineage in rodent populations may be less confined than previously thought [48]. It is highly likely that increased systematic sampling of the rodent reservoir and non-rodent animals will result in the discovery of novel diversity and potentially expanded geographic range of sub-lineages [47,49,50]. ...
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... Swift public health responses and a notable increase in mpox research occurred almost entirely among high-income countries in Europe and North America. 2 Given the substantial global reduction in mpox cases following the international response and the ongoing outbreaks and changing disease epidemiology in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, research to better understand mpox epidemiology, prevention, and treatment should be prioritised in Africa. 3,4 We have proposed the establishment of an Africanled, multidisciplinary, multicountry Mpox Research Consortium (MpoxReC) in Africa with an overarching goal of establishing a research network to advance the elimination of mpox as a public health problem (with an initial focus on Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Nigeria, and the Republic of the Congo). MpoxReC will integrate basic research; clinical studies; disease surveillance; risk communication; community engagement; phylogeographic, ecological, and anthropologic studies; novel studies for use of medical countermeasures; and capacity building to address mpox epidemics and ultimately eliminate its human-to-human transmission (appendix p 1). 5 Names of principal investigators and collaborating institutions, organisations, and investigators are available in the appendix (pp 2-3). ...
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... The clinical manifestation of malaria during pregnancy varies depending on the complex interplay of the level of acquired immunity, parasites, and the intensity of the transmission of malaria in specific geographic contexts [5]. In locations with low malaria transmission, where pregnant women have low immunity, symptomatic malaria infection during pregnancy is frequently accompanied by adverse effects [6]. ...
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... The P. falciparum PfMSP-1 block II has been exploited as the genotyping marker for determining the MOI in a wide range of endemicity. The marker has also been proven to be useful as a transmission intensity predictor for seasonal variation (Bruce et al., 2011;Sondo et al., 2020;Baina et al., 2023). It has been observed previously that the genetic diversity indices along with the mean MOI were low in western Ethiopia following effective malaria intervention programs (Tadele et al., 2022). ...
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... Drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a grave threat to global public health, exacerbating the burden of antimicrobial resistance and depleting substantial healthcare budgets and resources in many developing nations [1]. Regrettably, over the past decade, there has been no approval of novel drugs to combat multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) or extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) except for Bedaquiline [2]. With Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) rapidly developing antibiotic resistance, it becomes imperative to devise new anti-TB strategies to address the antimicrobial resistance crisis (AMR). ...
... This is halfway to the End TB strategy milestone of a 20% reduction between 2015 and 2020 [3]. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains a public health crisis and a health security threat [4]. ...
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