F.J. Breteler's research while affiliated with Wageningen University & Research and other places
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Publications (63)
Jongkindia, a small tree species endemic to a local area in southeast Liberia, is described as a new monotypic genus of Passifloraceae sens. lat. Its only species Jong-kindia mulbahii combines floral characteristics of the Turneraceae and fruit characteristics of the Passifloraceae s.s. (or subfamily Passifloroideae in APG) and can therefore be reg...
Background and aims – In the framework of the Menispermaceae treatment for the Flore du Gabon, the closely related genera Kolobopetalum and Rhigiocarya are synoptically revised.Material and methods – Standard practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study the relevant herbarium material from B, BM, BR, BRLU, HBG, K, L, P, U, and WAG. Th...
Background and aims – While searching the banks of a lagoon close to Monrovia for known local endemic plant species, an unknown tree species was discovered. Its unijugate leaves allowed to quickly establish that this legume belongs to Englerodendron. This paper formally describes the finding as a new species and assesses its conservation status.Mat...
Background and aims – The botanical exploration of Liberia, notably by C.C.H. Jongkind, has yielded several new species. One of his recent collections proved to contain a new species of Antidesma.Methods – Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy were applied to study the relevant herbarium material available at BR, K, and WAG. The relevant collectin...
On the basis of a new phylogeny of the Detarioideae, with a particular focus on Englerodendron Harms, Anthonotha P.Beauv. and related genera, the possible options for delimiting monophyletic genera are discussed. As a result, Isomacrolobium Aubrév. & Pellegr. and Pseudomacrolobium Hauman are synonymised under Englerodendron. The following 12 new co...
In the synopsis of Casearia Jacq. in West and Central Africa (Breteler 2008) not a single collection of this genus of trees was recorded from Senegal and Gambia. It is therefore a great surprise that a recent collection of Casearia from Gambia proved to represent a new species. It is fully illustrated and named Casearia gambiana. Its conservation s...
The amphi-atlantic genus Mendoncia of the Acanthaceae counts c. 80 species. In tropical Africa it is represented by 14 species, eight in continental Africa and six in Madagascar. The remaining species occur in tropical America. The new species Mendoncia camerounensis and M. rabiensis are described and illustrated. Mendoncia floribunda is resurrecte...
Background and aims – The African genus Crotonogyne is revised for the first time since 1912. Identification of new material collected since proved to be very difficult. The revision serves also as a basis for the treatment of the genus in the Flore du Gabon. Methods – Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study the relevant h...
Background and aims – The treatment of the Anacardiaceae for the Flore du Gabon had to deal with three obscure Lannea names described from South Cameroon, namely L. glabrescens Engl., L. longifoliolata Engl. & Krause, and L. zenkeri Engl. & Krause. The type material of two of these names had been lost at Berlin. The paper aims at establishing their...
Based on phylogenetic analyses using rDNA and plastid sequence data, and the examination of morphological characters, we infer that Pleurostylia, as currently delimited, is a polyphyletic group. Pleurostylia serrulata and two newly described species from Africa are part of the New World Crossopetalum lineage. By contrast, Pleurostylia s. s. consist...
Background and aims – Euonymus congolensis R.Wilczek from Kasai in D.R. Congo was recently transferred to a new monotypic genus Wilczekra by M.P. Simmons. Similar material from NE Gabon was classified by Villiers as Euonymus congolensis. However, the Gabonese collections proved to represent a distinct, undescribed species. Methods – Normal practice...
Background – Botanical exploration of the Sapo National Park in Liberia resulted in the discovery of a new species, which, after DNA investigation, was identified as belonging to Soyauxia of the small family Peridiscaceae.
Methods – Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy and DNA sequence analysis have been applied. All the relevant herbarium mater...
Background and aims - The paleotropical genus Neuropeltis of the Convolvulaceae was recently treated in a synopsis for the African continent (Breteler 2010), counting nine species. This number is now enlarged by a new, overlooked, species from the South Province of Cameroon. Methods - Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to stud...
As a result of the treatment of Protomegabaria (Phyllanthaceae) for the Flore du Gabon, some morphological features are highlighted. The two species of the original publication of the genus, Protomegabaria stapfiana (Beille) Hutch. and P. macrophylla Hutch., currently synonymised under the former name, are distinct which is illustrated and demonstr...
While preparing a publication concerning some new Cola Schott & Endl. species for the Gabonese flora, it was discovered that the lectotype of Cola cauliflora Mast. does not fit the treatment of this species for the Flore du Gabon. As a consequence a new Cola species, C. elegans Pierre ex Breteler, sp. nov. is described which replaces Cola cauliflor...
Background and aims The existing subdivisions of the large genus Cola of the Sterculiaceae s.str. are briefly presented and their usefulness as regards the identification of newly acquired material is discussed. Material and methods Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study all herbarium available mainly at BR, K, LBV, P, an...
Background and aims - The treatment of Calycobolus Willd. ex J.A.Schult. (Convolvulaceae) for tropical Africa by Lejoly & Lisowski, published in 1985, does not work satisfactorily in the identification of specimens from western Central Africa, particularly from Gabon. A revision of their work is undertaken to solve this problem. Methods - Normal pr...
Aim
Our aim was to document African rain forest tree diversity patterns to test whether they support one of the following hypotheses: the structure of tree species diversity is at equilibrium and mostly driven by neutral processes (H 0 ); the structure of tree species diversity results from Pleistocene forest cover dynamics (H 1 ); or the structure...
Background and aims - The species distinction within the tropical African genus Mocquerysia, known for its epiphyllous flowers, is investigated and discussed to clarify some discontinuities in their morphology and distribution. Methods - Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study all herbarium material available at BR, LBV, P...
Background and aims - The treatment of Uapaca (Phyllanthaceae) for the Flore du Gabon revealed many, hitherto unknown, synonymies and some overlooked names that deserve a separate publication. Advantage is taken of this treatment to establish the geography of the forest species on an African scale. Methods - Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy h...
Background and aims - Floristic inventories are the primary means by which the plant diversity of an area can be understood and are important in underpinning management plans for conservation. One of the priorities set out for Loango National Park (LNP) in an IUCN assessment of Gabon's protected areas was to produce a vascular plant checklist. Ther...
Background and aims - The African genus Uapaca of the Phyllanthaceae (formerly Euphorbiaceae) is revised for the Flore du Gabon. Prior to its publication, the present paper publishes a new species from that country. Methods - Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study all herbarium material available mainly at BR, K, LBV, MO,...
Dans le cadre du traitement taxonomique des Phyllanthaceae pour la Flore du Gabon, deux espèces nouvelles des Bridelieae sont décrites, une dans le genre Bridelia l'autre dans le genre Cleistanthus. Les deux espèces sont illustrées, leurs cartes de distribution sont présentées, et leur position sysrémarique dans leurs genres respectifs est discutée...
The separation of Thecacoris and Cyathogyne (Phyllanthaceae, formerly Euphorbiaceae) is discussed and it is concluded that they should remain united. A separation of the continental forest species (except Thecacoris viridis (Müll.Arg.) Leandri ex G.L.Webster) awaits molecular investigation. Thecacoris micrantha sp. nov. is described and illustrated...
The new species Haplocoelum gabonicum Breteler (Sapindaceae) from Gabon and adjacent Congo is described and illustrated. Morphologically it is most similar to H. acuminatum Radlk. ex Engl. and H. congolanum Hauman. It differs from these species by foliar characters such as the non-alate rachis, the presence of a rudimentary lower pair of leaflets,...
Background and aims - The African genus Isomacrolobium (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) is poorly known. Its species are revised. Methods - Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study all herbarium material available, mainly at BM, BR, COI, FHO, G, K, LBV, MA, MO, OXF, P, WAG, and YA. Key results - Twelve species are recognised...
Background and aims - The paleotropical genus Neuropeltis of the Convolvulaceae is imperfectly known. The present paper aims to revise the genus for the Upper Guinea area in West Africa. Methods - Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study all herbarium material available. Key results - Three species are found in Upper Guinea...
The new species Carpolobia gabonica Breteler (Polygalaceae) from Gabon and adjacent Congo is described and illustrated. It is most closely related to Carpolobia gossweileri (Exell) E.M.A.Petit. The differences between the two species are summarised in a key which also includes Carpolobia alba G.Don, the only other species from that area.
Background and aims - The African genus Anthonotha (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) is poorly known. The species are revised. Methods - Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study all herbarium material available, mainly at BM, BR, BRLU, COI, FHO, G, K, LBV, LISC, LISU, MA, MO, P, WAG and YA. Seventeen species are recognized, i...
The African genera Paropsiopsis Engl. and Smeathmannia R.Br. (Passifloraceae – Paropsieae) are revised. The two genera are well separated based on the presence or absence of a second, annuliform, corona, as well as the number of stamens and curvature of their filaments. An overview of important characters and a key to all genera of Paropsieae is pr...
After the transfer in 2006 of two Anthonotha species to Englerodendron (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), the larger, remaining part of the African genus Anthonotha is divided in two genera: Anthonotha sensu stricto and Isomacrolobium. Triplisomeris is synonymized under Isomacrolobium. The characters to separate the two genera are discussed and illus...
Cassipourea (Rhizophoraceae) is represented in Gabon by 11 species, of which C. nana Breteler and C. ndambiana Breteler are described as new and C. carringtoniana Mendes, C. gummiflua Tul. and C. ruwensorensis (Engl.) Alston are reported from this country for the first time. The subgeneric classification is discussed. An adapted key to the subgener...
Illigera cava, endemic to Lower guinea, is described, illustrated, and mapped. The new taxon brings the number of African Illigera species to four. Maps, and a key to the four species of Africa are presented.
The African species of Crudia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) are revised. Ten species, including two new ones, are recognized. The African species of the genus are confined to the Guineo-Congolian region. A key to the species is presented. To facilitate its use, the stipules of all species are illustrated. The fruits, as far as known, are illustra...
The new species Baphia megaphylla Breteler (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae) from Gabon is described and illustrated. It is most closely related to Baphia maxima Baker. The differences between the two species are summarised in a key.
Sleumer’s (1971) revision of Casearia (formerly Flacourtiaceae, now Salicaceae) is reviewed to correct the specific delimitation, nomenclature and geography of some of the West and Central African species.
As a result, Casearia inaequalis Hutch. & Dalz. and C. prismatocarpa Mast. are resurrected, the latter to replace C. calodendron Gilg ex Engl. C...
Pyrenacantha villiersii (Icacinaceae) is presented as the new name for the illegitimate P. cordicula Villiers from Côte d'Ivoire. The identity of Chlamydocarya tessmannii Engl. (Icacinaceae), treated as a nomen nudum under P. cordicula, and of P. acuminata Engl. is established.
Strombosia fleuryana, a new species from Ngomo on the Ogooué River in West Gabon is described and illustrated. The species is distinguished from the other Strombosia species of Lower Guinea by its leaves with very short petioles and by the subsessile flowers. A key to all Strombosia species of Lower Guinea is presented.
Strombosia retivenia S.Moore (Olacaceae) from Nigeria, hitherto treated as a synonym of Diogoa zenkeri (Engl.) Exell & Mendonça (Olacaceae), proved to represent a distinct species of that genus. The combination Diogoa retivenia is made. As a consequence Diogoa is no longer monospecific. The two Guineo-Congolese species are geographically separated....
Dichapetalum neglectum is described and illustrated. The new species, initially overlooked, is, as D. rabiense Breteler, characterized by 4-5-locular ovaries and inarticulate pedicels. From D. rabiense it may be distinguished by its larger, distinctly pedicelled flowers. An adapted key to the Central African species, which accommodates the 10 new s...
The disputed position of Anthonotha gabunensis (Pellegr.) J.Leonard, whether it fits in Anthonotha or should be placed in Leonardendron, a genus of its own, is reviewed. Its actinomorphic flowers are aberrant, since the genus Anthonotha has zygomorphic flowers. Therefore it is transferred to Englerodendron that has similar actinomorphic flowers and...
Recent studies have shown that Acacia is polyphyletic and must be split into five genera. Proposal 1584 would retypify Acacia : the type of the Australian taxon A. penninervis would be conserved over the current lectotype ( A. scorpioides ) of an African taxon. We disagree with the recommendation of the Spermatophyte Committee to endorse this propo...
Clerodendrum leucobotrys from Gabon is described and illustrated. Its affini-ties are discussed. The new species is characterized by its pendulous inflores-cences with long white hairs bearing small flowers with yellow corolla and glandular-hairy tube. RÉSUMÉ Novitates Gabonenses 51. Un nouveau Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae, autrefois Verbenaceae) du Gab...
Dichapetalum petaloideum from SW Gabon is described and illustrated. The new species is aberrant in having very unusual entire, thick, hairy petals, which are closed in bud.
The genus Oddoniodendron (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) from Lower Guinea is revised. Six species are recognised of which two new from Gabon. All species are illustrated and their distributions are mapped. A key to the species is provided.
Small trees, shrubs, or lianas, evergreen or sometimes deciduous. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, trifoliolate or unifoliolate, exstipulate, exstipellate; petiole pulvinate at base; petiolules entirely pulvinate; leaflets entire, opposite or not. Inflorescences axillary, sometimes clustered near the tip of the branches, occasionally cauliflorous,...
At least at the generic level, the African continent is not isolated, i.e. many genera are not restricted to that continent. Which genera are endemic and which are not can be established only after extensive and thorough research in most cases. This research may reveal connections not known before or lead to the rupture of entities in two or more p...
Magnistipula devriesii, en provenance du Gabon, est décrite comme espèce nouvelle dans les Chrysobalanaceae.
Citations
... The genus Passifloroidesperma contains fossil seeds that can only be confidently identified at the subfamily level (Martínez 2017). There are three extant tribes: Jongkindieae is at the base of the sub-family and is a sister group of both Passifloreae + Paropsieae (Breteler et al. 2022). The tribe Jongkindieae has seeds very distinct from those of Passifloroidesperma. ...
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... Endemic to low coastal forest on deep sandy soil. This coastal vegetation type contains several endemic species and stretches from Buchanan in the east to Sherbro Island in Sierra Leone in the west (Jongkind & Breteler, 2020;Jongkind, 2023). ...
... Ongoing botanical exploration of Liberia (Breteler 2020;Jongkind 2012Jongkind , 2015a2016;2019;Jongkind and Breteler 2020) revealed the presence of a thus far undescribed species of Passifloraceae s.l., near Sapo National park (Sinoe County, Liberia; see Figure 1) which contains "the second-largest area of primary tropical rainforest in West Africa." (Freeman et al. 2019). ...
... Englerodendron is a moderately sized genus in the Amherstieae (Leguminosae: Detarioideae) consisting of 18 extant species belonging within a monophyletic subclade within the Berlinia Clade, referred to as Berlinia Clade Subclade B, which consists of Anthonotha, Berlinia, Englerodendron, Isoberlinia, Librevillea, and Oddoniodendron [48][49][50][51][52]. Englerodendron was formerly considered monospecific, consisting of a submontane forest species E. usambarense, endemic to the West Usambara Mountains in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania [53,54]. ...
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... Bibliographic references for all families of vascular plants were also checked. In total 7,985 species records from bibliographic sources were compiled from Alston (1956Alston ( , 1959, Arends (1992), Aubréville (1961), Aubriot (2020), Bamps (1970Bamps ( , 1974, Barberá & al. (2013Barberá & al. ( , 2015, Bauters & al. (2018), Bidault & van der Burg (2019), Bissiengou & al. (2013), Biye et al. (2014), Bos (1984), Bourobou (2018), Brenan (1953aBrenan ( , 1953bBrenan ( , 1953cBrenan ( , 1968, Brenan & Exell (1957), Breteler (1999Breteler ( , 2010Breteler ( , 2011Breteler ( , 2013Breteler ( , 2016Breteler ( , 2017Breteler ( , 2018, Breteler & Smissaert-Houwing (1977), Cabezas & al. (2004Cabezas & al. ( , 2009 Chatrou & Repetur (1998), Couvreur (2008, 2009), Cufodontis (1953, 1955a, 1955b, Damen & al. (2018), De Kok (2022), Dekker (1983), Del Val (1942), Dhetchuvi & al. (2011), Diels (1910, Dilst (1995), Dilst & Leeuwenberg (1991), Droissart & al. (2009), Eimunjeze (1976, Engler (1912), Estrella & al. ( , 2006Estrella & al. ( , 2010aEstrella & al. ( , 2010b, Fernández-Casas (1992), Fero (2012), Fero & al. (2003Fero & al. ( , 2014, Figueiredo (1995), Fischer & Lachenaud (2013), Galán Cela & al. (2018), Gautier & al. (2016), Geerinck (1980), Ghogue & al. (2017), González Gómez & Pereira (1946), Guinea (1945Guinea ( , 1946Guinea ( , 1951, Harris (1995), Harris & Wortley (2018), Harris & al. (2021), Hauman (1951), Heine (1966), Hepper (1954Hepper ( , 1958Hepper ( , 1963Hepper ( , 1968aHepper ( , 1968bHepper ( , 1968cHepper ( , 1972, Holttum (1981Holttum ( , 1986), Hooker (1864), Hooper & Napper (1972), Hutchinson & Dalziel (1927, 1928, 1931, 1936, Ikabanga & al. ...
... Sleumer (1971) noted that species delimitation in Casearia is very difficult in Africa and that the species he maintained are separated mainly by rather few vegetative characters. More recently, Breteler (2008Breteler ( , 2018 provided a synoptic revision of Casearia in West and Central Africa. He made several taxonomic changes to Sleumer's revision and added two new species, but was again reliant on vegetative characters (indumentum, branchlets hollow versus solid, number and arrangement of lateral veins on the leaves) to help distinguish most species, with few fertile characters used. ...
... The tropics are home to most of the c. 350,000 known vascular plant species, but their plant diversity is relatively poorly-documented, and vital reference materials are often inaccessible in herbaria overseas. Thus, herbarium research or fieldwork regularly yields additions to the known flora: either species new to science [3][4][5][6][7][8] or species known to science but documented for the first time in the country of interest. ...
... Pleurostylia capensis Turcz (Loes) is a species of flowering plant native to South Africa. It belongs to the family Celastraceae (Darbyshire et al. 2016); and is commonly known as the Cape satinwood. It is a tree or shrub that can grow up to 20 m tall and is often found growing in coastal forests, dune scrub and rocky hillsides (Pote et al. 2006). ...
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... Comments: Based on a suite of macro-morphological leaf characteristics, the fossil morphotype originally designated as "Legume 1" [22,23] can be identified taxonomically as a member of the Berlinia Clade of the tribe Amherstieae (Leguminosae: Detarioideae), and specifically matches a number of genera in the Berlinia Clade: Subclade B, namely Anthonotha, Berlinia, Englerodendron, and Isoberlinia [37] (S5 and S6 Files). These characteristics include paripinnate compound leaves, oppositely inserted, symmetrical leaflets that are elliptic to slightly falcate in shape, the presence of a short twisted pulvinate petiolule, a symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical base, secondary venation being eucamptodromous becoming brochidodromous towards the apex, and an acuminate leaflet apex forming a drip tip [22,38,39] (Fig 1 and S5 and S6 Files) The fossil morphotype differs from Oddoniodendron, another member of Berlinia Clade Subclade B, in lacking a long petiolule and in not possessing alternately inserted leaflets [37,40]. The African endemic moist forest genus Gilbertiodendron is similar to the fossil taxon and possesses many of the characteristics mentioned above, but differs from the Mush taxon in possessing leaflets with brochidodromous to festooned brochidodromous secondary venation and the presence of leaf marginal and/or submarginal glands [38,39,41,42]. ...
... & Diels (Annonaceae, Couvreur et al. 2022;Gosline et al. 2022). The Interval has the highest species and generic diversity of flowering plants per degree square in tropical Africa (Barthlott et al. 1996;Dagallier et al. 2020) including endemic genera such as Medusandra Brenan (formerly Medusandraceae, now Peridiscaceae, Soltis et al. 2007;Breteler et al. 2015), and new genera to science are still being discovered e.g. Korupodendron Litt & Cheek (Vochysiaceae, Litt & Cheek 2002) and Kupea Cheek & S.A.Williams (Triuridaceae, Cheek et al. 2003). ...
