F.-S. Ma's scientific contributions

... The mining of deep orebodies causes environmental changes, especially the mining of steeply inclined orebodies [2,3], which lead to mine disasters, such as surface subsidence, landslides, mine earthquakes, water, mud inrush, etc. These disasters cause a large number of casualties, equipment destruction, and loss of mineral resources [4][5][6], causing huge losses of life and property to the country, mining enterprises, and the masses of people in the mining area. This results in adverse social effects, seriously restricting the sustainable development of the national economy and mining enterprises [7,8]. ...

... To visualize the joint isointensity diagram, Yu and Zhou [17] presented a procedure of joint isointensity diagram to improve the efficiency of work and the precision of data. Li et al. [18] developed an algorithm for mapping of joint isointensity diagrams. ...

... Song et al. explored the common pressure-bearing mechanism of rock-filled assemblies and found that the residual strength of the rock-backfill pillar specimen is larger than that of the rock specimen [34,35]. Liu and Qiu et al. determined the formula for the strength ratio of the backfill and surrounding rock [36][37][38][39][40]. Zhao and Regassa et al. determined that the support effect of the backfill on the surrounding rock of the stope was the main reason to reduce the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock [41][42][43]. In summary, previous research achievements have shown that the supporting methods of the backfill on surrounding and roof rock include surface, partial, and overall support [44,45], as shown in Figure 2. As a key component of an underground mine, the backfill can control the surrounding rock deformation, prevent rigid slips, and halt the progressive failure of the surrounding rock. ...

... Furthermore, the sensors, such as FBG and strain sensors used in the shaft well deformation monitor [15], provide detailed internal monitoring information. Underground measures are used in most collieries [16], such as partly excavating or using the backfill mining method. A shaft is generally built on a simple geological area and it can be mined at a low cost. ...

... Under the same geological conditions, the goaf space can be reduced by filling it with foreign materials (i.e., backfilling) (Nagaratnam et al. 2015;Straskraba et al. 1994;Sun et al. 2015;Ding et al. 2006;Liu and Zhao 2014). In backfill mining, the failure height of the overburden is drastically decreased compared to that in the caving method. ...

... In recent years, many characteristics of shaft deformation caused by local, mining-induced ground movements in coal mine areas have been reported (Hiramatsu et al. 1979;Bukrinsky 1984;Palaski 1989;Torano et al. 1999;Yang and Ma 2007). However, ground movement features in metallic mining operations are commonly different from those in coal mines because of differences in host rock types, geological setting and mining conditions (Xu 1994(Xu , 1997Yuan et al. 2008;Zhao et al. 2008Zhao et al. , 2009. In this paper, damage to the vertical shaft at the No. 14 exploratory line in Jinchuan Nickel Mine is taken as a case study, in order to demonstrate how a shaft in an underground metallic mining operation was detrimentally affected by mining-induced ground movements. ...

... Li et al. established a rock slope deformation model for the transition from open-pit to underground mining and analyzed the nonlinear relationship between underground mining disturbance and slope deformation in open-pit mining [14]. Based on the combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, Zhang et al. systematically studied the deformation mechanism of the slope rock mass in the Jinchuan Longshou mining area [15]. Song et al. used similar physical model tests and numerical simulation methods to study the degree of rock deformation during the converting of the Panzhihua Jianshan Iron Mine to underground mining [16]. ...

... The coal excavation causes bending deformation of the roof strata, and both sides of the working face are coal seams to provide reaction force and bending moment to the roof structure, which can be regarded as a fixed beam structure at both ends. When the roof suspension span gradually increases, the roof will be the first to rupture above both sides of the working face, at which time the original beam structure constraints change, and the original fixed beam structure at both ends evolves into a simply supported beam structure as shown in Figure 2 (Zhao et al., 2009). ...