E. Santos Bueso's research while affiliated with Hospital Clínico San Carlos and other places

We present an uncommon case of a unilateral congenital retinal macrovessel documented with retinography, perimetry, fluorescein angiography and macular optical coherence tomography. In the case presented the macrovessel crossed the horizontal meridian, between macula and optic disk. A literature review has been performed on congenital retinal macrovessels, possible structural and visual alterations they may cause and their association with other pathologies.

Resumen Presentamos un caso de macrovaso congénito retiniano estudiado mediante retinografía, campo visual, angiografía fluoresceínica y tomografía óptica de coherencia macular. El macrovaso atravesaba el meridiano horizontal, nasalmente entre papila y mácula. Además, se realiza una revisión de los macrovasos congénitos retinianos, las alteraciones visuales y estructurales que causan su asociación con otras enfermedades y su diagnóstico diferencial.

Purpose The goal of this study is to determine whether any difference in corneal biomechanical properties exists between Sjögren's syndrome dry eye patients and healthy subjects. Methods Thirty-one patients diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome and associated dry eye manifestations and 44 healthy individuals were included in the study. Ultrasonic pachymetry (UP) was used to measure central corneal thickness (CCT). Corneal biomechanical parameters were obtained using ocular response analyzer (ORA). The main parameters assessed were corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc). A Student's t-test for independent groups was performed to compare the mean of these variables between both groups. Results Mean CH values in Sjögren's syndrome and healthy subject eyes were 10.1 mmHg and 11.18 mmHg respectively, representing a statistically significant difference (P = 0.003). No other variable measured differed between cases and controls (P > 0.05). Mean CRF values were 9.51 mmHg and 10.37 mmHg respectively, and mean CCT measured by UP in cases and controls was 527.41 μm and 552.51 μm respectively. Conclusions Sjögren's syndrome can influence corneal biomechanical properties, specifically CH. ORA measurements should be considered of interest in the evaluation of Sjögren syndrome subjects.

Clinical case A 22 year-old woman complained about blurred vision after an episode of recovered cardiorespiratory arrest. She had bilateral low visual acuity (“count fingers”) and no ophthalmological or visual pathways changes. She also had an apparent lack of awareness of the deficit. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed ischaemic changes in both occipital lobes. As a result, she was diagnosed with Anton–Babinski syndrome. Discussion This is a rare disease that should be suspected in strange or poorly congruent visual loss. It is usually due to an ischemic injury in this region of brain, manifesting itself with low vision not perceived by the patient (visual confabulation). It can simulate a non-organic visual loss or psychiatric disease.

Clinical case: A 22 year-old woman complained about blurred vision after an episode of recovered cardiorespiratory arrest. She had bilateral low visual acuity («count fingers») and no ophthalmological or visual pathways changes. She also had an apparent lack of awareness of the deficit. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed ischaemic changes in both occipital lobes. As a result, she was diagnosed with Anton-Babinski syndrome. Discussion: This is a rare disease that should be suspected in strange or poorly congruent visual loss. It is usually due to an ischaemic injury in this region of brain, manifesting itself with low vision not perceived by the patient (visual confabulation). It can simulate a non-organic visual loss or psychiatric disease.