Diana Cassady's research while affiliated with University of California, Davis and other places
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Publications (84)
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of proposed health insurance coverage for fertility preservation in California.
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of proposed health insurance benefit coverage for hearing aids for minors in California.
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Drug Utilization Management Exceptions
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Pervasive Developmental Disorder or Autism
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of California Senate Bill 399 Pervasive Developmental Disorder or Autism
The version of California Assembly Bill (AB) 1107 analyzed by CHBRP would require a health plan or insurer that develops and implements a clinical pathway for cancer treatment, as defined, to comply with certain requirements. In addition, the bill would prohibit a plan/insurer from developing and implementing an oncology clinical pathway (OCP) that...
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Pervasive Developmental Disorder or Autism
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Fertility Preservation
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Fertility Preservation
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Fertility Preservation
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for HIV Specialists
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Continuous Glucose Monitors
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for HIV Specialists
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Hearing Aids: Minors
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Medi-Cal: Asthma Preventive Services
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for HIV Associated Lipodystrophy
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Health Care Coverage: Mammography.
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Hearing Aids: Minors
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for healthcare coverage: autism
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Childhood Lead Poisoning: Prevention
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for HIV Specialists.
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Telehealth: Access.
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for Contraceptives: Annual Supply.
Background:
Few autism spectrum disorder (ASD) studies have estimated non-medical costs for treatment or addressed possible differences in provision of services across gender, race-ethnic, age or demographic or expenditure categories, especially among adults.
Methods:
The California Department of Developmental Services (CDDS) provides services t...
Nutrition information on food labels is an important source of nutrition information but is typically underutilized by consumers. This review examined whether consumer nutrition knowledge is important for communication of nutrition information through labels on packaged foods. A cognitive processing model posits that consumers with prior knowledge...
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for abuse-deterrent opioid analgesics
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for outpatient prescriptions drugs.
Front-of-package nutrition symbols (FOPs) are presumably readily noticeable and require minimal prior nutrition knowledge to use. Although there is evidence to support this notion, few studies have focused on Facts Up Front type symbols which are used in the US. Participants with varying levels of prior knowledge were asked to view two products and...
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for limitations on cost-sharing: family coverage
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for limitations on cost-sharing: family coverage
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for dental hygiene.
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for step therapy coverage http://chbrp.org/
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for telephonic and electronic patient management.
Non-partisan analysis of the medical effectiveness, cost and utilization, and public health impacts of insurance coverage for acquired brain injury
Nutrition information on packaged foods supplies information that aids consumers in meeting the recommendations put forth in the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans such as reducing intake of solid fats and added sugars. It is important to understand how food label use is related to dietary intake. However, prior work is based only on self-reported...
Issues: Tobacco companies use point-of-sale (POS) tactics, such as price promotions, placement, and advertisements, to encourage use of tobacco, the most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Many Louisiana residents oppose restricting businesses and support individual right to make choices – even unhealthy ones. California, in c...
Objective:
To develop a research ethics training course for American Indian/Alaskan Native health clinic staff and community researchers who would be conducting human subjects research.
Method:
Community-based participatory research methods were used in facilitated discussions of research ethics centered around topics included in the Collaborati...
As part of its state-wide "denormalization" campaign, the California Tobacco Control Program has funded local tobacco control projects to secure tobacco retail licenses (TRLs) in their communities. TRL policies generate funding by requiring tobacco retailers within a jurisdiction to obtain a license, which is in addition to the state license that t...
Background
Although it is legal for multiunit housing (MUH) property owners in all 50 states to prohibit smoking on their premises, including in individual units, MUH constitutes a relatively new setting to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke via voluntary smoke-free policy. This paper examines California state-funded smoke-free MUH policy campaign...
Despite increasing availability of global positioning system (GPS), no research has been conducted to analyze GPS data for exposure opportunities associated with time at indoor and outdoor microenvironments. We developed location-based and time-weighted spatial measures that incorporate indoor and outdoor time-location data collected by GPS.
Time-l...
California state-funded local tobacco control projects have instituted smoke-free multi-unit housing (MUH) policy adoption campaigns in order to secure voluntary policy throughout the state. While landlords can legally prohibit smoking at MUH complexes in California, they often oppose such measures. The objective of this study was to analyze volunt...
Table S4. Differences in Grams of Daily Food Intakes between Superb Data and National Data.
Background:
In the absence of current cumulative dietary exposure assessments, this analysis was conducted to estimate exposure to multiple dietary contaminants for children, who are more vulnerable to toxic exposure than adults.
Methods:
We estimated exposure to multiple food contaminants based on dietary data from preschool-age children (2-4 y...
Table S3. Top five food sources of contaminants for school-aged children, parents of young children, and older adults (mg/kg/day).
This paper examines knowledge, risk perception, and attitudes around the H1N1 pandemic among Latino hard-to-reach (HTR) populations in the United States. Ten focus groups were conducted throughout California (N=90), representing Latino immigrants disproportionately affected by H1N1: farmworkers, indigenous Mexicans, pregnant women, and children. Ov...
In this case study, we detail and analyze how the Tobacco Control Evaluation Center (TCEC), an evaluation technical assistance center that serves approximately 100 local tobacco control organizations in California, endeavors to build capacity among the state-funded local providers it serves by using evaluation capacity building activities with an u...
Nutrition facts panels (NFPs) contain a rich assortment of nutrition information and are available on most food packages. The importance of this information is potentially even greater among older adults due to their increased risk for diet-related diseases, as well as those with goals for dietary modifications that may impact food choice. Despite...
Traditionally, use of household and personal care products has been collected through questionnaires, which is very time consuming, a burden on participants, and prone to recall bias. As part of the SUPERB Project (Study of Use of Products and Exposure-Related Behaviors), a novel platform was developed using bar codes to quickly and reliably determ...
Successful evaluation capacity building requires a dynamic balance between responding to local agency needs and ensuring that local staff have appropriate skills to conduct rigorous evaluations. In 2004, the California Tobacco Control Program established the Tobacco Control Evaluation Center (TCEC), based at a public research university, to provide...
Demographic characteristics of the participants. The table presents the demographic characteristics of the participants in the three age groups.
Variation of time spent in microenvironments (only results with statistical significance p < 0.05 were shown). The table presents the variation of time spent indoors, outdoors, and in vehicle.
Longitudinal time-activity data are important for exposure modeling, since the extent to which short-term time-activity data represent long-term activity patterns is not well understood. This study was designed to evaluate longitudinal variations in human time-activity patterns.
We report on 24-hour recall diaries and questionnaires collected via t...
Since 2000, local jurisdictions in California have enacted hundreds of policies and ordinances in an effort to protect their citizens from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. We evaluated strategies used by state-funded local tobacco control programs to enact local smoke-free policies involving outdoor recreational spaces.
The Tobacco Control...
Time-activity data are traditionally collected by telephone interviews or through paper diaries, which are time consuming and costly. As a potential alternative that may greatly save staff time, a web survey to collect time-activity data was developed and tested in this study. We collected 24-h recall web diaries from 151 parents of young children...
Residential insecticide usage and actual application details were collected in a population-based sample of 477 households residing within 22 counties in northern California with at least one child of age ≤ 5 years between January 2006 and August 2008. Structured telephone interviews were conducted collecting information on residential use of insec...
Although California communities have been relatively successful in adopting and implementing a wide range of local tobacco control policies, the process has not been without its setbacks and barriers. Little is known about local policy adoption, and this paper examines these processes related to adopting and implementing outdoor smoke-free policies...
Given the concern over the potential for health risks associated with certain ingredients (e.g., phthalates) in personal care products, usage patterns of ∼30 types of personal care products (e.g., shampoo, sunscreen, fragrance, etc.) were collected in 604 California households through a telephone interview. Preferences in selecting products, e.g.,...
Social marketing involves applying marketing principles to promote social goods. In the context of health behavior, it has been used successfully to reduce alcohol-related car crashes, smoking among youths, and malaria transmission, among other goals. Features of social marketing, such as audience segmentation and repeated exposure to prevention me...
Exposure to toxic chemicals in the home is a growing concern. This report presents an overview of the recruitment, methods for data collection, instruments used to collect data, and participant demographics for a study examining behaviors that influence exposure to environmental toxins in the home environment, also known as SUPERB (Study of Use of...
Despite widely advertised health benefits, most Americans do not eat their recommended daily servings of fruits and vegetables. We believe that inconsistent produce quality, particularly flavor, is a key factor contributing to this low consumption. Poor tasting produce is often associated with varieties that lack good flavor potential, immature pro...
To assess the content of food industry Web sites targeting children by describing strategies used to prolong their visits and foster brand loyalty; and to document health-promoting messages on these Web sites.
A content analysis was conducted of Web sites advertised on 2 children's networks, Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon. A total of 290 Web pages...
Exposure analysis is a critical component of determining the health impact of pollutants. Global positioning systems (GPS) could be useful in developing time-location information for use in exposure analysis. This study compares four low cost GPS receivers with data logging capability (Garmin 60, Garmin Forerunner 201, GeoStats GeoLogger and Skytrx...
To describe food advertised on networks serving children and youth, and to compare ads on English-language networks with ads on Spanish networks.
Analysis of television food advertisements appearing on Saturday morning and weekday afternoons in 2005-2006. A random sample of 1,130 advertisements appearing on 12 networks catering to Spanish-language,...
Changing the food environment in low-income communities may be an effective way to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables by low-income consumers. This study examines the impacts of a pilot study that increases the availability of fresh produce in a convenience store in a low-income neighborhood not served by a supermarket. Two hypothese...
To determine if price is a barrier to fruit and vegetable consumption for low-income families by comparing the average cost of a market basket of fruits and vegetables from the Thrifty Food Plan and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 (2005 Dietary Guidelines), investigating variations in price by neighborhood income and by type of supermarke...
We used a case study approach to examine the nutritional effect of a policy to increase fruit and vegetable consumption in the Students Today Achieving Results for Tomorrow after-school program. The snack menu was changed in 44 after-school programs serving 8000 low-income and ethnically diverse elementary-school students. A comparison of previous...
Diffusing research-based physical activity programs in underserved communities could improve the health of ethnically diverse populations. We utilized a multilevel, community-based approach to determine attitudes, resources, needs, and barriers to physical activity and the potential diffusion of a physical activity promotion program to reach minori...
This study examines the portrayals of soft drinks in popular American movies as a potential vehicle for global marketing and an indicator of covert product placement.
We conducted a content analysis of America's top-ten grossing films from 1991 through 2000 that included portrayals of beverages (95 movies total). Coding reliabilities were assessed...
Many people, especially low-income consumers, do not successfully follow dietary recommendations to eat more whole grains and less fat and added sugar. The food environment may have a significant impact on the choice by low-income consumers to eat healthier foods, as both the availability and price of healthier food items may limit their ability to...
This study examines how the spatial distribution of grocery stores affects food prices charged in neighborhoods with different median incomes. Studies have shown that low-income neighborhoods often have fewer grocery stores, smaller grocery stores and have higher prices for a standard market basket of food than higher income neighborhoods. In addit...
To describe depictions of food, alcohol, and exercise and sport in popular films.
Content analysis of the 10 top-grossing films each year from 1991 to 2000 (N = 100 films).
Coding reliabilities were assessed with Cohen's kappa. Research questions were addressed with basic descriptive statistics. Associations among variables were examined through a...
To develop and test the Menu Checklist, an instrument to be used by community members to assess cues for healthy choices in restaurants.
Menus from 14 restaurants were coded independently by two trained community reviewers to test the interrater reliability of the instrument.
A low-income, urban, African-American community in Los Angeles, Californi...
Creating a more healthful food environment requires a new line of research that examines the impact of healthful changes on business's bottom line. This study investigates whether supermarket-sponsored shuttles can be self-supporting or make a profit in low-income urban areas.
2000 Census data were used to identify zip codes in California with low...
This study examines the relative price of a standard market basket of food items and a market basket of healthier alternatives. Because people in low-income neighborhoods may have fewer grocery stores and transportation alternatives, the effects of store size and competition on the price of a market basket is estimated.
The current public health workforce may not be prepared for the challenge of implementing social marketing programs, as there is only limited training on social marketing offered by schools of public health. Therefore, training programs for working public health professionals may be warranted. An inventory of current social marketing resources reve...
Citations
... Recent analyses have identified significant state-wide disparities in "Purchase of Service" (POS) expenditures from California's Department of Developmental Services (DDS). Analyses of DDS Purchase of Service administrative data reveal disparities in service use and expenditures for schoolage youth (ages 7 to 16) and for people who are racial/ ethnic minorities (Harrington & Kang, 2016;Leigh et al., 2016). Specifically, Latino people had the lowest annual service expenditures across diagnosis and age groups compared to other racial and ethnic groups (Leigh et al., 2016). ...
... Research consistently shows disparities in unhealthy food and beverage advertising exposure by SES [32]. Previous research has found that neighborhood-level income demographics are also associated with the outdoor food and beverage advertising environment, with lower-income areas consistently having higher densities of food and beverage marketing than higher-income areas [33][34][35][36][37]. However, few have specifically examined if this economic disparity in advertising applies to school environments [37], nor if the types of beverages advertised vary by neighborhood income level. ...
... Research by Hwang & Lorenzen (2008) shows that restaurant customers currently exhibit the most positive attitudes towards low-calorie items and are willing to pay more when menus provide nutrition information. Nutritional information tends to contain information about calories, serving sizes, and nutrients Miller & Cassady (2015); Pink et al (2022), and this basic information is easily understood by most individuals (Graham & Jeffery, 2011). It is likely that a healthy lifestyle will lead to healthy food choices and food consumption among older generations of Z-ers (Savelli & Murmura, 2023). ...
... The score was calculated by summing the points for each item; total score ranges from 0 to 73 (21). The score was then categorised into needs work (< 33), getting there (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38), excellent (39-46) and outstanding (47+) according to Marshall et. al (21). ...
... Organizational health literacy focuses on the degree to which organizations equitably enable individuals to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others (HSS, 2021). At the individual level, adequate health literacy skills play a pivotal role in preventing and managing chronic diseases and other health concerns (Miller et al., 2015). Conversely, limited health literacy has been linked to unhealthy lifestyles, including smoking, poor diet, and lack of physical activity, all of which increase the risk of mortality and premature death (Mayberry et al., 2018;Wolf et al., 2007). ...
... To address the limitations of standardized tutorials, a variety of approaches to research ethics training have been developed across different research contexts. For example, Jetter et al. [20] supplemented a self-administered research ethics course designed for university researchers with a two-part "round table seminar" to discuss the content of the Belmont report and highlight issues of particular relevance to American Indian/Alaskan Native communities. Yonas et al. [12] created flexible research ethics training resources for academic and community partners that can be delivered in-person or online and have been deployed in a wide variety of CBPR contexts in the US. ...
... For example, Specht and Szot 9 tested six GPS receivers and found that logging receivers, such as Garmin Forerunner 310XT, demonstrated the highest accuracy in determining positions. In another similar research, four wearable GPS monitors were compared while four adults walked a distance of 1.24 km and the most accurate device was Garmin Forerunner 205. 10 Using a similar methodological approach, Lee et al. 11 chose four low cost GPS minotors and found that all devices were valid for distance estimation, with Garmin 60 to be the most accurate. ...
... 2 In response, some landlords have established smokefree policies for their housing units, and some cities have established such policies for all multi-unit housing within their jurisdictions. 3 The military is in effect the largest landlord in the U.S., with control over approximately 630,000 units of housing, including about 134,000 family units, and barracks space (for single enlisted personnel) for 500,000, with locations in all 50 states, as well as in numerous countries around the world. Military personnel who live in such housing frequently have little or no control over whether to stay there. ...
Reference: Tobacco Use Policy in Military Housing
... The themes identified in this case study are consistent with previous research on local, state, and national tobacco control policies that found that, among others, policy champions or change agents [7,[42][43][44], engagement with youth advocates [7,45], supporting data, and other localities previously enacting the policy influenced adoption [42]. Past studies also suggest that the absence of supporting data may have hampered states which attempted to adopt T21 early [6,7], but in later years, the IOM report proved powerful enough to elevate the attention of T21 as a tool to reduce youth tobacco use. ...
... However, research examining the feasibility of using such community-based programs to address vaccine uptake in immigrant and refugee populations is limited. A systematic review [58] of vaccine hesitancy and uptake among refugee and immigrants found very few studies [33,59,60] that documented the effectiveness of such community-based initiatives in increasing vaccine uptake in immigrant and refugee populations. ...