Dennis Chong's research while affiliated with Northwestern University and other places
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Publications (23)
Electoral campaigns and policy debates are dynamic processes that unfold over time. In the contest for public opinion, each side tries to frame issues to its advantage, but success also depends on developing effective responses to opposition frames. Surprisingly, scholars have paid little attention to the dynamics of counterframing. In this article...
This chapter pinpoints the most pressing problems in research on the effect of elite rhetoric on public opinion. It discusses the empirical and theoretical issues in four particular realms, namely the elite strategies of communications, the implications of political communications research on democratic theory, the conceptualization of communicatio...
Electoral campaigns and policy debates occur over-time. Throughout the campaign, competing sides push opposing frames and which frame proves most effective often determines who wins. Success hinges, in large part, on launching influential counter-frames – that is, frames that oppose earlier effective frames. Surprisingly, scholars have paid virtual...
We examine how people evaluate a series of competing political messages received over the course of a campaign or policy debate. Instead of assuming a message has a fixed effect, we emphasize the variable effect of a message depending on when it is received in relation to other messages. We present data from two experiments showing there are critic...
As the size of the black middle class has grown in the post–Civil Rights era, scholars have debated whether improved living standards and conditions of political equality have caused racial consciousness to be supplanted by class consciousness among African Americans. Wilson (1980) argued that the salience of race among African Americans would dimi...
We review the meaning of the concept of framing, approaches to studying framing, and the effects of framing on public opinion. After defining framing and framing effects, we articulate a method for identifying frames in communication and a psychological model for understanding how such frames affect public opinion. We also discuss the relationship...
W hat is the effect of democratic competition on the power of elites to frame public opinion? We address this issue first by defining the range of competitive contexts that might surround any debate over a policy issue. We then offer a theory that predicts how audiences, messages, and competitive environments interact to influence the magnitude of...
What is the effect of democratic competition on the power of elites to frame public opinion? We address this issue first by defining the range of competitive contexts that might surround any debate over a policy issue. We then offer a theory that predicts how audiences, messages, and competitive environments interact to influence the magnitude of f...
What is the effect of democratic competition on the power of elites to frame public opinion? We address this issue first by defining the range of competitive contexts that might surround any debate over a policy issue. We then offer a theory that predicts how audiences, messages, and competitive environments interact to influence the magnitude of f...
L'opinion publique est souvent tributaire de la manière dont les élites choisissent de cadrer les enjeux. Par exemple, l'opinion des citoyens à propos d'une manifestation du Ku Klux Klan peut dépendre du cadrage opéré par l'élite, selon que celui-ci montre l'événement comme un enjeux de liberté d'expression ou de sécurité publique. Dans le passé, l...
Resumen La opinión pública depende a menudo de cómo las élites eligen encuadrar ciertos asuntos. Por ejemplo, las opiniones de los ciudadanos acerca del mitin del Ku Klux Klan dependen de cómo las élites encuadren esta información, ya sea como un asunto de libre expresión ó como un asunto de seguridad pública. Las investigaciones previas se han con...
Public opinion often depends on how elites choose to frame issues. For example, citizens' opinions about a Ku Klux Klan rally may depend on whether elites frame the event as a free-speech issue or a public safety issue. Past research has focused largely on documenting the size of framing effects in uncontested settings. By contrast, there has been...
W e propose and test a theory of opportunities that explains the conditions in which economic sta-tus affects support for racial and ethnic group interests among African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans. Using data from a 2001 Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University national survey, our analysis finds that, for all minori...
The debate over hate speech in the United States and the accompanying changes in the political culture of the university provides an opportune case to explore the impact of changing norms of free speech on political tolerance toward unpopular groups. I offer a theory of opinion change that identifies the population groups that should be most suscep...
Studies conducted in the 1960s and 1970s generally confirmed that racial group solidarity boosted rates of participation among
African Americans. But since the 1980s, research has tended to conclude that the effect of solidarity on voter turnout among
blacks and other minorities has moderated if not faded entirely. We hypothesize that part of this...
Group consciousness has been a key concept for understanding how racial minority groups in the United States have overcome exclusion, prejudice, and disadvantage to achieve equal rights in the democratic process. The feelings of identification and solidarity that accompany group consciousness appear to fuel the kinds of collective action that have...
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Citations
... If a member of a marginalized group believes that she has personally experienced discrimination (or if she thinks that institutional practices continue to treat her group unfairly), this too is likely to prompt a form of dissatisfaction with the current or future state of group relations that increases the attractiveness of nationalist ideologies. There is some evidence of this, for recent studies confirm a link between feelings of group identification and political exclusion and sentiments of group consciousness among Asians and Latinos (see Chong and Kim 2008; Sanchez 2008) and women (Foster 1999; King 2003). More research should be done to determine how generalizable the disillusionment and linked hypotheses are to the study of ethnic and gender nationalism. ...
... Because they possess more information, resources, and power, the elites have greater influence over the public. They employ rhetoric and other persuasion strategies in setting the agenda, priming and framing issues to affect the public's attitudes and beliefs (Chong and Druckman 2011). A favorable public opinion is extremely important for a certain type of elites called "representative elites," or those "expected to function as the political representation of salient ideological and material interests present in their societies" (Best and Vogel 2018, 340). ...
... 50 Ciurel 2018. 51 Benford 1987, 75; see also Druckman 2013 andBenford andSnow 2000. 52 Waller and Conaway 2011. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/273554340053036-1442231845889_Q64/James-Druckman.jpg)
... Regardless, by definition, collective identity requires that individuals accept status as part of a group and feel a loyalty to enhancing the status of the group as a whole (Turner-Zwinkels and van Zomeren, 2021). By sustaining this sense of belonging and loyalty, working toward the group's goal becomes individually rational and free riding diminishes (Conover, 1988;Chong et al., 2004). Importantly, race in America provides a source of collective identity that has motivated previous episodes of collective action (McClain et al., 2009;Sanchez and Vargas, 2016). ...
... Simple priming effects are primarily an accessibility effect, because a priming event is ostensibly unrelated to a subsequent judgment, thereby increasing the accessibility of a certain construct without imbuing judgmental attributes (Chong & Druckman, 2007a, 2007b. Simple priming may occur, for example, when people are asked to memorize either positive or negative trait terms such as self-confidence or conceited (i.e., priming event) and are then asked to judge an ambiguous behavior of another person that can be construed either way. ...
... Building on findings that media messages often include competing frames (Nelkin and Marden 2004;Wise and Brewer 2010) and that exposure to two-sided framing can neutralize framing effects (Chong and Druckman 2007), the present study also considered how exposure to competing frames within the same message may shape audience members' opinions about AI image generators: RQ2 How will exposure to two-sided framing of AI image generators affect (a) support for AI art and (b) negative beliefs about AI image generators taking artists' jobs and stealing their art styles? ...
... Second, counter-framing scenarios refer to situations in which exposure to an initial frame is followed by exposure to a competing frame (Chong & Druckman, 2013). A competing news frame emphasizes alternative problem definitions and considerations-thereby triggering different issue interpretations and trains of thought (Chong & Druckman, 2007;Lecheler & de Vreese, 2019). ...
... The notion that the system is fundamentally rigged is upsetting information regardless of whether one believes in equality of opportunity or outcomes. An elite capture narrative grounded in fairness considerations thus forms a strong frame that transcends partisan boundaries (Chong & Druckman, 2007). ...
... At the root of the realignment, we show, is the growing salience of egalitarian concerns in how people evaluate speech controversies involving historically marginalized groups (Chong 2006;Chong and Levy 2018;Harrell, Hinckley, and Mansell 2021). The emergence of equality as a counterweight to freedom has muted or upended the established correlates of tolerance identified in almost all prior research. ...
... Collectively, these adversities had a far-reaching impact, stretching across communities of all racial and ethnic backgrounds experiencing financial difficulties. It's important to underscore that despite the multifaceted nature of this issue, the literature consistently indicates that minority communities often bear a disproportionate burden (29). Their vulnerabilities, rooted in historical and ongoing systemic inequities, compound challenges, making it crucial to address these disparities comprehensively and systematically. ...
