Denise Faertes's research while affiliated with Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. and other places

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

The purpose of this paper is to present the innovative reliability modeling of Petrobras 2010 integrated gas supply chain. The model represents a challenge in terms of complexity and software robustness. It was jointly developed by PETROBRAS Gas & Power Department and Det Norske Veritas. It was carried out with the objective of evaluating security of supply of 2010 gas network design that was conceived to connect Brazilian Northeast and Southeast regions. To provide best in class analysis, state of the art software was used to quantify the availability and the efficiency of the overall network and its individual components (such as gas processing units, city-gates, compressor stations, pipelines). The study requests, as input, a lot of information, that should be provided from different sectors of Petrobras, since it is supposed to depict reliability performance of all gas supply chain players. Information such as 2010 design configurations, gas offer and demand profiles, shedding priority, pressure delivery conditions, supply contract and associated penalties, commodity prices, etc., should be raised and addressed. More than twelve processing plants were modeled, in a detailed manner, and have their performance indicators compared. Different gas sources were considered in the study, such as offshore platforms, onshore fields, Bolivia pipeline and LNG ships. Detailed failure probability and repair data were addressed. Contingency plans, for each identified scenario, were made, in order to evaluate probable losses that constitute an input for the reliability modeling. Therefore, two additional software's were used for their validation: -Pipeline studio – TGNET (from Energy Solutions), to check pressure conditions; and an in-house Petrobras software (PLANAGE), used for best gas allocation purposes. Experienced operational team opinion was incorporated on that contingency plans elaboration. This work constitutes a powerful tool for Petrobras planning and optimization of gas supply chain future configurations. The simulation provides propositions for investments prioritization, based on cost benefit analysis, and as a by-product, contingency plans, that were developed, considering different failure scenarios.

During the life of a gas pipeline, some significant changes in the population may happen along its route. Such changes are indirectly evaluated by the increase in the amount of buildings constructed along the route, which determines the so called Location Class. Such changes, when pipeline is operating, provoke differences between what is required by the standards and what is actually done. The main goal of this paper is to present a risk-based methodology for the guideline development which can be used in decision-making concerning what to do in case of any location class change. Particularly, it has given special attention to the requirements which are imposed for the pipeline operational license continuation in Brazil. Moreover, a summary of the main solutions found in other countries together with a guideline, customized for the Brazilian reality, is presented.

The purpose of this paper is to present the study concerning the evaluation of the repair logistics of gas pipeline Urucu-Coari-Manaus (extension of 600 km), that was constructed to operate in the Amazon Brazilian region. Repair logistics is a challenge, regarding specific operation conditions in the jungle, environment and flood variations, difficulty on accessing pipeline right-of-way, difficulty on transportation, etc. Workshops were held, gathering most experienced company personnel from different PETROBRAS sectors (engineering, operation, repair centre, integrity area, Brazilian Army, offshore sector, etc.), in order to evaluate and establish strategies for each identified failure scenario, considering type of repair, logistics, resources and costs. The first step of the study was to incorporate the experience obtained from the engineering team, responsible for the construction of Urucu-Coari-Manaus gas pipeline as they had to face unexpected and adverse conditions. Based on their experience, different pipeline sections were defined, considering specific features, like isolation, flooded areas, river crossings, access limitations, etc. The second step was brain-storming workshops with the purpose of providing the best PETROBRAS evaluation of pipeline sections repair strategies, logistics and resources. Failure frequencies were raised and addressed, as well as variables like: - time for failure detection, for digging, for repair, for resources arrival, considering different logistics and transportation modes (using specific boats, helicopters with special characteristics, such as suitable for long line operations (load line greater than one rotor diameter in length), capable of transporting heavy equipment, etc.). Innovative ways of repair were conceived and proposed to be used. Supply contract conditions for thermo plants, industrial and residential consumers were considered. Finally, a cost/benefit analysis was performed, considering expenses on logistics and resources and benefits associated with avoided losses for each specific failure scenario, in order to provide support for decision making process.

The design standards of gas pipeline NBR 12712 and ASME B31.8, although having their own safety factors, had not incorporated explicitly the risk concept for the population in their definitions. However, the orientation of the Brazilian Environment Agencies is that the risk level of transportation activity for gas pipelines must be controlled to the health and the safety of the population. These facts can create a critical management situation because a gas pipeline can be in compliance with the design standards and not in relation to the criteria of the Environment Agencies. In this scenario, the establishment of risk based design guidelines becomes an essential action. In this article, a methodology for the elaboration of these guidelines is presented. We analyze not only the influences of the main operational and design parameters on the risk, but also the impact of the main risk acceptability criteria for the approval of the gas pipelines operation license. The result of this article is an excellent decision management tool on the management and the viability evaluation of this type of project and its application provides important technical knowledge to definitions of routes, operational and design parameters, and the optimized selection of risk reduction measures.

The purpose of this paper is to present the study developed jointly by TRANSPETRO/Natural Gas Department and Det Norske Veritas in association with Jardine Asset & Risk Management Solutions (Jardine) from the United Kingdom. The study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the security of supply of the overall TRANSPETRO Southeast gas supply network in 2005, 2006 and 2007, that provide gas in the Southeast region of Brazil to thermo plants, to vehicles and to industrial and residential consumers. The occurrence of contract shortfalls imply in heavy fines for the suppliers. To provide best in class analysis, state of the art software was used in order to count on powerful tools to model the gas supply system and to quantify the availability and the efficiency of the overall network and of the individual components.