David H. Kelley's research while affiliated with The University of Calgary and other places
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Publications (33)
The serious study of Egyptian antiquities through archeology was professionalized before that of any other area of the world. This means that there are massive numbers of books on most aspects of ancient Egyptian life. General books on the country range from well-documented accounts by professional Egyptologists through good popularized summaries t...
We preface the discussion of the astronomy of South American cultures by a general overview of those cultures. Humans were in South America already during the Pleistocene period. The ocean coasts and the great rivers of the Amazon drainage provided ready transport for rafts and dugout canoes. Availability of a great diversity of plants provided foo...
The central themes of archaeoastronomy are the relationships that people have seen between themselves and the heavens and the ways in which these relationships have been reflected in archeological remains. The related study of ancient astronomy needs to be integrated with all available relevant information on myths and religious practices in as cle...
For most of the Paleolithic period [or Old Stone Age, beginning more than ~21/2 million years before present (b.p.)], there are few materials that could be interpreted as relevant to human understanding of astronomy, even in the vaguest terms. Evidence for interest in the heavenly bodies has been suggested only for Australia (see §11) and for Weste...
Mesoamerica is a name given by archaeologists to the area that is now southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, most of El Salvador, and parts of Honduras (Figure 12.1) and inhabited by people who shared many cultural traits in pre-Columbian times. Table 12.1 indicates the approximate chronology for the cultures of Mesoamerica. Much of the area was ruled...
About 15,000 stars are detectable by the human eye, most of them near the limit of visibility. At any one time, we may be able to see a few thousand stars in a dark sky, but we tend to remember only striking patterns of them—asterisms such as the Big Dipper or whole constellations such as Ursa Major (the Big Bear) or Orion (the name of a mythologic...
We preface the discussion of the astronomy of pre-Columbian America north of the Rio Grande by a general overview of the cultures of the region. In North America north of Mexico, there was a wide diversity of cultures matching the ecological and linguistic variation. Kroeber’s (1939) Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America defined the ma...
We deal in this book with the broad and burgeoning subject of pretelescopic astronomy. People around the world have been deeply interested in the sun, moon, and stars for millennia. Of central interest to historians are answers to the questions, “What did they know and when did they know it?” In this section, we discuss why we want to know the answ...
As general sources of information on the science of this area, we strongly recommend the following: George Sarton’s A History of Science, Vol. I: Ancient Science through the Golden Age of Greece and Vol. II: Hellenistic Science and Culture in the Last Three Centuries
b.c., 1952/1970; Bartel L. van der Waerden’s Science Awakening II: The Birth of As...
We know the India of today as a subcontinent containing a very large population of diverse peoples but of two principal religions: Hinduism and Islam. There are, however, many other ancient religions on the subcontinent, such as Christianity, Judaism, Sikhism, and Zoroastrianism. India is the birthplace of Mahavira and Buddha and of the two great a...
Time carries us along, willing or not, into, through, and out of the world relentlessly, without “time-out” to recover our breaths, wits, or fortunes. The perceived arrow of time points always in one direction, from the past to the possible, from the known to the unknown. This implicit nature of time is characterized in many different ways in diffe...
Exploring Ancient Skies uses modern science to examine ancient astronomy
throughout the World, that is, to use the methods of archaeology and
insights of modern astronomy explore how astronomy was practiced before
the invention of the telescope. It thus reviews an enormous and growing
body of literature on the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean,...
Little research has been done on the archaeoastronomy of the ancient inhabitants of the bush, but there is evidence of a rich ethnoastronomical if not archeoastronomical heritage. It is known that the Aborigines originated in southeastern Asia and migrated probably in major, infrequent episodes. The earliest attested arrivals were around 40,000 b.c...
By transient phenomena, we mean impermanent effects or variable events in the sky. They range from atmospheric effects like the “green flash” to “guest stars,” the ancient Chinese expression for novae or supernovae. Many ancient astronomers did not distinguish between astronomical and meteorological phenomena. For the Greeks, the distinction betwee...
In this chapter, we deal with the ways in which the objects described in Chapter 2 can be observed and the conditions affecting those observations.
Chinese archeology covers a very large area, and new information, often radically changing earlier ideas, continues to pour in. The present summary relies heavily on Chang’s (1986) general study and on his study of the Shang (1980). A million years or more of the Palaeolithic of China, with slow changes in the human physical type and the stone tool...
Citations
... Each of these paradigms employs certain methods for the solution of the problems belonging to the sphere of its application, that is the astronomical and the cosmological one, as well as new areas of discourse to be investigated (Kuhn, 1997; 2000;). The Ptolemaic paradigm already can be regarded as the epitome of the main scientific Hellenistic and Alexandrian tradition (Pedersen, 2011; Jones, 2010), but its further inner metamorphoses it has undergone in the hands of the Byzantine and the Arabic and Islamic astronomers shows directly its own internal dynamical evolution, as specific epistemological issues had to be resolved, just mentioning the case of the problematic issue of the equant, but also the confrontation with the even more accurate observational data had to be accomplished on even greater degree (Saliba, 1994; Kelley and Milone, 2005), that is in accordance with the fountain of the scientific truth, a fact which is never denied by Thomas Kuhn himself. The scientific theories, as expressed within these paradigms, should have, as a map, or even better, a conceptual mapping, a one-to-one correspondence with natural reality (Russo, 2004). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/273618915557400-1442247242011_Q64/Eugene-Milone.jpg)
... A. annua is native to East Asia, most probably to Inner Mongolia in China, where it is part of the grassland and steppe vegetation (Ferreira et al., 1997). A. annua has become widespread in temperate regions worldwide (FNA Editorial Committee, 2006). I. xanthiifolia is characterized by rapid growth and high seed production (Hodi and Torma, 2002). ...
... It is, however, an unresolved issue whether the Minatogawa humans had a direct genealogical relationship with the subsequent Jomon population (e.g., Suzuki and Hanihara, 1982; Baba, 2003; Kaifu et al., 2011; Kubo et al., 2011; Mizoguchi, 2011; Saso et al., 2011; Suwa et al., 2011 ). Ultimately, validation of this model requires additional discovery of Paleolithic human fossils in the Japanese Islands, particularly of presumed northern immigrants who introduced the Siberia-derived microblade technology into Hokkaido and Honshu between 20,000 and 14,000 yBP (Imamura, 1996b; Kimura, 1997; Hanihara and Ishida, 2009). Second, the micro-evolutionary adaptation model premises selective pressure on individual and/or population body size in general accordance with ecogeographic patterning of Bergmann's rule, hypothesizing that the geographic cline was achieved mostly during the Jomon period. ...
... Each of these paradigms employs certain methods for the solution of the problems belonging to the sphere of its application, that is the astronomical and the cosmological one, as well as new areas of discourse to be investigated (Kuhn, 1997;2000;. The Ptolemaic paradigm already can be regarded as the epitome of the main scientific Hellenistic and Alexandrian tradition (Pedersen, 2011;Jones, 2010), but its further inner metamorphoses it has undergone in the hands of the Byzantine and the Arabic and Islamic astronomers shows directly its own internal dynamical evolution, as specific epistemological issues had to be resolved, just mentioning the case of the problematic issue of the equant, but also the confrontation with the even more accurate observational data had to be accomplished on even greater degree (Saliba, 1994;Kelley and Milone, 2005), that is in accordance with the fountain of the scientific truth, a fact which is never denied by Thomas Kuhn himself. The scientific theories, as expressed within these paradigms, should have, as a map, or even better, a conceptual mapping, a one-to-one correspondence with natural reality (Russo, 2004). ...
... So what would happen if the calendar of one family dates back three thousand years before that and was disjointed, contradictory, and ambiguous? This science follows the science of genealogy, and the Arabs have excelled so much in this science that they even traced the lineage of their horses with useful notarized documents [45], [46], [47]. ...
... 14 Maxim, Szücs-Csillik, 2003. 15 Szücs-Csillik, Comșa, 2017 See the 13 constellations of the zodiac (Kelley, Milone, 2011). 17 45 degree north latitude. ...
... The dipper symbolism for the Big Dipper asterism is present worldwide but only episodically documented across different traditions [10]-so this symbolism can be ascribed to the star pattern naturally resembling this man-made tool, rather than to cultural diffusion [28]. There are also some parallels between Western and indigenous American constellations to an extent unlikely to be due to colonial influence: constellations located in the sky region of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) [38] Sco, with scorpion geometry and semantics, were documented not only in the Western world but also in the pre-colonial Aztec and Maya cultures of Mesoamerica [41]. A small-scale cognitive study showed that the line geometry for 30 of the classical Ptolemaic constellations [78] are predictable to Western observers from the star pattern alone [24]. ...
Reference: The semantics of constellation line figures
