Daniel J Valentino's research while affiliated with Cook County Hospital and other places
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Publications (8)
Data from our previous studies indicate that Taser X26 stun devices can acutely alter cardiac function in swine. We hypothesized that most transcardiac discharge vectors would capture ventricular rhythm, but that other vectors, not traversing the heart, would fail to capture the ventricular rhythm.
Using an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committ...
Electromuscular incapacitation (EMI) devices are being used and evaluated by both military and law enforcement agencies. Although the gross muscular response is obvious, physiological responses to these devices are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the intense, repetitive, muscle contractions evoked by EMI devices would cause dose-dependent m...
Data from the authors and others suggest that TASER X26 stun devices can acutely alter cardiac function in swine. The authors hypothesized that TASER discharges degrade cardiac performance through a mechanism not involving concurrent acidosis.
Using an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)-approved protocol, Yorkshire pigs (25-71 kg)...
Stun guns or electromuscular incapacitation devices (EMIs) generate between 25,000 and 250,000 V and can be discharged continuously for as long as 5 to 10 min. In the United States, over 200,000 individuals have been exposed to discharges from the most common type of device used. EMI devices are being used increasingly despite a lack of objective l...
Very little objective laboratory data are available describing the physiologic effects of stun guns or electromuscular incapacitation devices (EIDs). Unfortunately, there have been several hundred in-custody deaths, which have been temporally associated with the deployment of these devices. Most of the deaths have been attributed to specific cardia...
Little objective laboratory data are available describing the physiologic effects of stun guns or electromuscular incapacitation (EMI) devices, but increasing morbidity and even deaths are associated with their use. We hypothesized that exposure to EMI discharges in a model animal system would induce clinically significant acidosis and cardiac arrh...
Citations
... The potential for the TASER to cause ventricular arrhythmias has been the focus of much research, often with conflicting results. Both animal [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and human models [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] have been examined. In experimental models it was found that because of the short duration of the TASER pulse, large duration of the cardiac cell membrane time constant and the small fraction of current that passes through the heart, the TASER should not produce an ectopic beat in the majority of patients. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/394981899554817-1471182431089_Q64/Robert-Walter-2.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/418746083627010-1476848254955_Q64/Andrew-Dennis-3.jpg)
... It should be noted that we did not do chest exposures as per manufacturer targeting guidelines and animal studies have consistently demonstrated no cardiac electrical effects for exposures off of the chest. [9][10][11][12] The spirometry data had mixed results. While the data did not show statistically signi cant drops in respiratory rate, tidal volume or minute ventilation during exposure, it was noted that 5 subjects were apneic for the 8 seconds. ...
... [42,43] However, it is not possible to fibrillate even small swine with a transcutaneous CEW drive-stun application. [44][45][46][47] The electrical current simply does not penetrate deeply enough to affect any human muscles or organs. In fact, with a CEW drive-stun application directly over the human phrenic nerves (the nerves that control breathing) there is no effect. ...
... Latency, time limit and amplitude were recorded at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after artificial nerve transplantation. Latency, which reflects the time of rapid conduction fibers in nerve axons reaching muscles (Valentino et al., 2007), was lengthened and conduction velocity was slowed after nerve injury ( Figure 2A). Time limit showed the discharge of each single muscle fiber at the same time. ...
... Past publications have discussed the risk of direct electrical stimulation of the heart through ESD exposure. Some experimental research has been based on animal experiments [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] and human experiments [9] [10] [11] [12]. However, approval of new devices is very complicated if it requires these kinds of experimental methods. ...
... Similarly, Dennis et al. used 6 swine weighing between 22 -46 kg [21]. Walter used swine weighing 25-71 kg [22].Valentino used swine weighing 25-36 kg [23]. Dawes used swine weighing 36.7-38.6 kg [24,26]. ...
... [42,43] However, it is not possible to fibrillate even small swine with a transcutaneous CEW drive-stun application. [44][45][46][47] The electrical current simply does not penetrate deeply enough to affect any human muscles or organs. In fact, with a CEW drive-stun application directly over the human phrenic nerves (the nerves that control breathing) there is no effect. ...
