Chun Li's research while affiliated with Sichuan University and other places
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Publications (53)
CO2 mineralization is a technological solution to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It is more cost-effective to use industrial wastes as feedstock than natural minerals and eliminate some of the energy-consuming operations, to recover various value-added byproducts. In this study, hydroxycancrinite zeolite was synthesized by a solvent-free metho...
In this study, a route for simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and production of titanium dioxide and ammonium alum, and microporous silicon dioxide from titanium-bearing blast furnace slag (TBBF slag) was proposed, which is comprised of (NH4)2SO4 roasting, acid leaching, ammonium alum crystallization, silicic acid flocculation and Ti hydrolysis. Th...
Leach solutions of vanadium (V) slag was generated from (NH4)2SO4 (AS) roasting and water leaching process. After separating titanium (Ti) from the solutions, the remaining liquor contains a large amount of V and iron (Fe). In this study, a system composed of trioctyl tertiary amine (N235) and sulfonated kerosene was used to separate V; moreover, t...
Traditional vanadium products recovered from vanadium slag, such as alloys or battery electrolytes, are manufactured by oxidizing the vanadium to a high valence state (V(V)) and then reducing it to a low valence state again. This process consumes significant energy and raw materials and generates toxic waste water and residue laden with V(V). In th...
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The CO2 mineralization is an economical route to reduce CO2 emission for the production of high-value carbonate products. The performance of CO2 indirect mineralization of MgSO4 by (NH4)2CO3 solution was studied systematically. The effects of process parameters on the reaction performance and morphology of MgCO3·3H2O were investigated. In the react...
A route for the indirect carbonation of different minerals using (NH4)2SO4 (AS) as a recyclable reagent has been recently proposed. For saving energy, the extraction of alkaline components, such as calcium and magnesium, is typically expected to occur at the roasting stage. To enhance the extraction efficiency, the kinetics and mechanism of the rea...
Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is one of the most important technological options to mitigate the effect of greenhouse gases on the global climate. A process for indirect mineral carbonation of blast furnace slag (BFS) with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 as a recyclable reagent has been proposed recently. Preparation of high-performance and high-va...
Mineral carbonation is an important technique for the sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) on a large scale. In this article, indirect carbonation of abundant wollastonite [CaSiO3] mineral combined with the use of a CO2 mineralization cell (CMC) for the recovery of mineralization energy has been proposed. The results of thermodynamic analysis reve...
Mineral carbonation is an important technical option for the effective reduction of CO2 emissions. Natural magnesium‐containing minerals, such as serpentine and blast furnace slag (BFS), have recently been used for CO2 storage with an indirect carbonation route using ammonium sulfate. In this study, the effects of the feeding mode and process param...
Carbon dioxide mineralization for the disposition of blast‐furnace slag is an important method for reducing CO2 emissions and simultaneously dealing with solid waste from the steel industry. However, due to the stable structures and properties of blast‐furnace slag, low mineralization reaction efficiency is a key issue in this process and hinders i...
Coal fly ash (CFA) is the powdery waste generated in coal-fired power plants. The content of Al2O3 in CFA can be up to 40 wt % and can serve as an alternative to bauxite for aluminum production. Recently, the ammonium sulfate (AS) roasting process has attracted wide interest for extracting aluminum from CFA. During the process, aluminum enters the...
The chlorinated tailing (CT) generated during titanium extraction from Ti‐bearing blast‐furnace slag contains 3–5 wt% chlorides, which are hazardous to the environment. In this paper, a process for simultaneous CO2 mineralization, dechlorination, and recovery of multiple value‐added products was proposed to fully utilize the CT. In this process, Ti...
A route for the indirect mineral carbonation of blast furnace slag (BFS) with (NH4)2SO4 as a recyclable reagent has been proposed recently. To improve the economy of the process, an improved recovery route was put forward herein, guided by thermodynamic studies and phase diagrams. A purer, and thus higher-value-added byproduct, ammonium alum, can b...
The commercial sulfate process for pigment production uses concentrated sulfuric acid (> 85 wt% H2SO4) as feeding material and discharges 8–10 tons of spend dilute acid (20 wt% H2SO4) per ton of product. Re-using spend acid to leach ilmenite can cut the waste emission and save fresh feeding acid. However, the leaching reaction with dilute acid is v...
A route for the indirect mineral carbonation of blast furnace slag using (NH4)2SO4 as a recyclable reagent has recently been proposed. The main challenges associated with this route are reducing its energy consumption and improving its cost-efficiency. In this process, the recycling of (NH4)2SO4 by evaporation of the carbonation liquor make up a la...
Sodium and calcification roasting processes are traditional technologies to recover vanadium from vanadium slag. However, these processes are associated with many drawbacks, including high energy consumption, serious environment pollution, and the inability to simultaneously extract associated titanium resources. In this paper, a novel technology f...
Large quantities of blast furnace (BF) slag and CO2 are discharged annually from iron and steel industries, along with a large amount of waste heat. The mineral carbonation of BF slag can not only reduce emissions of solid waste but also realize the in-situ fixation of CO2 with low energy consumption if integrated with the waste heat utilization. I...
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In a rotary kiln process for phosphoric acid production, the reaction between gaseous phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and phosphate ore and silica contained in feed balls (the so-called P2O5 “absorption”) not only reduces phosphrous recovery but also generates a large amount of low melting-point side products. The products may give rise to formation of...
The extraction of potassium from a tablet mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4 by roasting was studied with a focus on the effects of the decomposition behavior of CaSO4 on the potassium extraction process. The roasted slags were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and t...
Titanium dioxide, as one of the most important optical materials, is usually manufactured by the hydrolysis of titanyl salts, in which the seeds are a key to affect product properties. In the sulfate process, hydrolysis normally leads to anatase which is then converted to rutile in a high-temperature calcination with the help of a crystal transform...
With the depletion of high-grade manganese ores, Mn ore tailings are considered valuable secondary resources. In this study, a process combining high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) with hydrometallurgical methods is proposed to recycle fine-grained Mn tailings. The Mn tailings were treated by HGMS at 12,500 G to obtain a Mn concentrate of 30%...
Large quantities of CO2 and blast furnace slag are discharged in the iron and steel industry. Mineral carbonation of blast furnace slag can offer substantial CO2 emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of the solid waste. This paper describes a novel route for indirect mineral carbonation of titanium-bearing blast furnace (TBBF) slag, in w...
Large quantities of CO2 and blast furnace slag are discharged in the iron and steel industry. Mineral carbonation of blast furnace slag can offer substantial CO2 emission reduction and comprehensive utilisation of the solid waste. In this study, a recyclable extractant, (NH4)2SO4, was used to extract calcium and magnesium from blast furnace slag (m...
This paper describes a novel process for preparation of synthetic rutile using an intermediate, sulfated ilmenite from the sulfate TiO2 process as the feedstock. The synthetic rutile can be obtained by selective thermal decomposition of the sulfated ilmenite, followed by targeted leaching for removal of various impurities. The results of the decomp...
A new method coupling CO2 mineralization and solvent extraction was proposed and investigated to precipitate magnesium from high Mg/Li ratio brine. Organic amine was employed to extract HCl formed during the CO2 mineralization process， and to realize continuously converting MgCl2 to precipitated MgCO3, thereby removing the magnesium contained in th...
This paper describes a novel, facile chemical pathway for preparing synthetic rutile from ilmenite. The pathway consists of two primary units, i.e., selectively sulfating ilmenite, which was realized via roasting ilmenite with (NH4)2SO4 followed by selective thermal decomposition of the sulfated ilmenite, and targeted leaching of the impurities. Th...
The selective extraction of nitric and acetic acids from a simulated etching waste acid was investigated using a mixture of the extractants Alamine 336 (N235) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The effects of dilution of the etching waste acid, N235 and MIBK concentrations, organic/aqueous (O/A) phase ratio, extraction temperature, and contact time...
The issues of reducing CO2 emissions, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources, and dealing with industrial waste offer challenges for sustainable development in energy and the environment. We propose an efficient methodology via the co-reaction of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum for the extraction of soluble potassium salts and recovery of SO2...
This paper describes an environmentally friendly and efficient milling-assisted technology to produce soluble potassium from natural K-feldspar with the additive of calcium salts, and capture CO2 via mineralization. The milling-assisted process could facilitate the extraction of potassium from K-feldspar under mild conditions (e.g. 30∼40°C), and mi...
The extraction of potassium from K-feldspar via a calcium chloride calcination route was studied with a focus on the effects of the calcination atmosphere, calcination temperature and time, mass ratio of CaCl2 to K-feldspar ore and particle size of the K-feldspar ore. The results demonstrated that a competing high-temperature hydrolysis reaction of...
Based on the academic thought of carbon capture and utilization, a novel process to integrate the potassium extraction from the insoluble potassium feldspar, industrial waste utilization, and the subsequent CO2 fixation using the resultant potassium-depleted residue was proposed in our previous studies. The potassium-depleted residue comprises seve...
The issues of reducing CO2 levels in the atmosphere, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources, and dealing with industrial waste offer challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. The latest advances in CO2 mineralization technology involving natural minerals and industrial waste are summarized in this...
The beneficiation of titania (TiO2) by sulfuric acid (H2SO4) pressure leaching of Panzhihua ilmenite was investigated. The reaction temperature, H2SO4 concentration, and concentration of ferrous ions (Fe2 +) had significant effects on the enrichment of TiO2. With increasing reaction temperatures, the dissolution of iron from ilmenite was enhanced,...
We report an alternative technology for the mineralization of CO2 and production of soluble potash fertilizer via thermal activation of the insoluble K-feldspar with industrial waste of CaCl2 with lower energy consumption since the activation temperature was about 800–900 °C compared with the conventional temperature of 1300 °C. A remarkable K-extr...
Hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate solutions with TiO2 concentrations of 140–180 g/L was investigated. The effects of the concentrations of impurities present in ilmenite, for example iron(II), magnesium, and aluminium, on hydrolytic conversion, and on the morphology and composition of the hydrolysates, were examined. The results showed that with increa...
This article describes a novel CO2 mineralization approach using natural insoluble K-feldspar and phosphogypsum for the emission of CO2, reduction of phosphogypsum waste, and production of soluble potash. K-feldspar was activated with CaSO4 at high temperature and then mineralized with CO2 to extract potassium under hydrothermal conditions. Activat...
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Separation of ferrous iron from titanium (IV) in a simulated ilmenite hydrochloric acid leachate by simultaneous oxidation and MIBK extraction was investigated. The effects of oxygen flow rate, O/A phase ratio, temperature, and hydrochloric acid concentration were studied. The results showed that with pure oxygen as oxidant and 100% (v/v) MIBK as e...
CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is an important strategy in combatting anthropogenic climate change. However, commercial application of the CCS technique is currently hampered by its high energy expenditure and costs. To overcome this issue, CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) is a promising CO2 disposal method. We, for the first time, developed a prom...
The relationship between hydrolysis conditions and hydrous titania polymorphs obtained in a titanyl sulfate and sulfuric acid solution was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results revealed that the feeding rate of the titanyl sulfate stock...
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The extraction of Ti from the simulated ilmenite sulfuric acid leachate was investigated using TRPO-kerosene extraction system. The effects of stirring rate, contact time, TRPO concentration, phase ratio, and temperature were examined. Optimized extraction conditions were found to be: 25% (v/v) TRPO in kerosene, O/A 4:1, and temperature 30 °C. Unde...
Synthesis of porous titania via mechanical activation of natural ilmenite and subsequent simultaneous dissolution and hydrolysis in dilute solutions of sulfuric acid was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption measurements, energy...
The oxidation kinetics and mechanism of ilmenite milled in air and oxygen atmospheres were investigated. Effects of mill spin rate, milling ball/ore mass ratio and oxygen pressure on the oxidation were examined. The results showed that the former two parameters significantly affected the oxidation process while the influence of oxygen pressure was...
Dissolution of mechanically activated Panzhihua ilmenite in hydrochloric acid for the preparation of synthetic rutile was investigated. Both the dissolution and its coupled titanium hydrolysis were greatly enhanced by the mechanical pretreatment. Increases in the lattice strain and surface area of ilmenite induced by energetic ball milling were res...
Dissolution of mechanically activated Panzhihua ilmenite was conducted in 5–20% sulphuric acid solutions. With high milling intensity the milling atmosphere significantly affected the dissolution with milling under vacuum almost double the dissolution of ilmenite milled in air. This was due to formation of a lot of acid-resistant pseudorutile and l...
Dissolution of mechanically activated Panzhihua ilmenite was carried out at 100 °C with a 50% sulfuric acid solution. The particle size, specific surface area, crystallite size, lattice strain and mechano-chemical reaction of milled ilmenite were measured. The cleavage induced by energetic milling occurred more preferentially along the a-axis of il...
Simultaneous milling and dissolution in a stirred mill was tested on Panzhihua ilmenite in a 50% sulfuric acid solution. The results show that the dissolution of ilmenite was greatly enhanced by in situ milling, which continuously produced new surface and new crystal defects on the surface of unreacted particles. The milling–dissolution resulted in...
About 90% of the titanium deposits in China are located in the Panzhihua area. The dissolution of Panzhihua ilmenite in sulfuric acid was investigated. The kinetic experiments were carried out with an initial acid/ilmenite (wt.) ratio of 500:15, a sulfuric acid concentration of 15.4 M and temperatures from 100 to 198 °C. The results show that the l...
Citations
... NH 4 Al(SO 4 ) 2 ⋅12H 2 O could be further decomposed at high temperatures to produce highpurity Al 2 O 3 , while hydrated silica could be used to synthesize Li 4 SiO 4 for high-temperature CO 2 capture [87]. Another method to recover both Al and Si is to precipitate mixed gels by pH swing, which could then be used to synthesize various types of zeolites by solvent-free [88]or hydrothermal methods [90]. However, it is difficult to treat Ti-containing BFS containing 10-25 wt% TiO 2 in addition to a large amount of Ca, Mg, Al, and Si using the above method. ...
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... One issue is the significant dissolution of Si in the leaching solution, which negatively impacts the quality of the TiO 2 product. Xiong et al. [163] found that the addition of secoalcoholic polyoxyethylene ether 9 to the leaching solution could mitigate this problem, obtaining TiO 2 with 99.1 % purity and uniform particle size distribution. Another challenge is that the recovery of the leaching agent used in the process, which can require substantial heat energy input, making it difficult to achieve net CO 2 emissions. ...
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... In addition, vanadium, as a deoxidizer in steelmaking, is a very important additive in the steel industry. It can be seen that vanadium plays an important role in metal refining and alloy preparation [4][5][6][7]. ...
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... 4 At present, vanadium−titanium−magnetite is the main vanadium extraction raw material, 5,6 which produces vanadium-containing hot metal in the process of steelmaking and then oxidizes and blows to get converter vanadium slag. 6,7 Part of the vanadium spinel phase in vanadium slag is wrapped by a silicate phase, resulting in a large amount of vanadium that cannot be effectively leached. 8,9 Roasting plays a very important role in the vanadium extraction process. ...
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... The morphology of MOC-3 after 1 day ( Figure 9) and 7 days of CO2 exposure ( Figure 10) was analyzed using SEM. Figure 10 shows the morphological images of MOC as needle-like or rodlike figures. This shape has a high specific area and unique structure [18]. CO2 then mineralized and covered the surfaces of MOC, as shown in Figure 11. ...
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... In addition, CaCO 3 formed a protective layer on the surface of the particles, covering the reactive particles [161]. The reaction process of BFS with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 was examined using the shrinkage unreacted nucleus model, and the process involved two steps: the decomposition of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 to NH 4 HSO 4 , and the reaction between NH 4 HSO 4 and BFS [166]. TU et al. [142] established a quantitative method for determining aqueous carbonation kinetics, and found that the diffusion of CaCO 3 product layers was a limiting step for the carbonation of SS. ...
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... To recover Si from BFS, Chu et al. [28] proposed a completely wet process where Al and Si could be recovered in the form of NH 4 Al (SO 4 ) 2 ⋅12H 2 O and hydrated silica, respectively. NH 4 Al(SO 4 ) 2 ⋅12H 2 O could be further decomposed at high temperatures to produce highpurity Al 2 O 3 , while hydrated silica could be used to synthesize Li 4 SiO 4 for high-temperature CO 2 capture [87]. Another method to recover both Al and Si is to precipitate mixed gels by pH swing, which could then be used to synthesize various types of zeolites by solvent-free [88]or hydrothermal methods [90]. ...
... Grinding lepidolite for 30 minutes and baking it at 165℃ for 4 minutes resulted in a lithium recovery rate of 87%. Zhang [96] systematically explored the simultaneous extraction of Li, Rb, and Cs from lepidolite through sulfuric acid baking and water leaching, addressing the previous drawback of requiring high-temperature calcination. Following sulfuric acid baking, lepidolite is transformed into water-soluble sulfate salts. ...
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... NH 3 produced in the roasting process could be used to absorb CO 2 and obtain (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 and NH 4 HCO 3 solutions, which could be used as carbon sources in the carbonation reaction to react with MgSO 4 and CaSO 4 , respectively, and finally precipitated in the form of MgCO 3 and CaCO 3 . In Deng's study, the influence of temperature, concentration of (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 , and solution pH was investigated on the carbonation process of MgSO 4 and (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 aqueous solutions (Deng et al., 2019). As the temperature increased, the carbonation products underwent a transformation from needle-shaped nesquehonite (MgCO 3 ⋅3H 2 O) to hydromagnesite, as exhibited in Fig. 4c. ...
... The mechanism behind the acid chemical modification of silicate minerals involves the dissolution of skeleton elements, such as Si, from the mineral lattice [24][25][26]. There are reported works showing that the wollastonite can be leached and release Si in the presence of inorganic acid [27,28]. Zhang X. et al. [29] conducted experiments that revealed the ability of low molecular weight organic acids in silicate minerals to promote the dissolution of Si ions within the crystal structure of silicate minerals. ...
