Christopher Hyde's research while affiliated with University of Exeter and other places
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Publications (48)
Objectives
To systematically review the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems for grading of fundus images in diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the ClinicalTrials.gov from 1st January 2000 to 27th August 2021. Accuracy studies published in English were included if th...
Comparative diagnostic test accuracy studies assess and compare the accuracy of 2 or more tests in the same study. Although these studies have the potential to yield reliable evidence regarding comparative accuracy, shortcomings in the design, conduct, and analysis may bias their results. The currently recommended quality assessment tool for diagno...
Background
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is an immune‐mediated allergic response to proteins in milk that is common in infants. Broad CMPA symptoms make diagnosis a challenge, particularly in primary care. Symptom scores may improve a clinician's awareness of symptoms, indicating a need for further testing. This systematic review examined the d...
Objectives: (1) To identify and classify comparative diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) study designs; and (2) to describe study design labels used by authors of comparative DTA studies.
Methods: We performed a methodological review of 100 comparative DTA studies published between 2015 and 2017, randomly sampled from studies included in 238 comparative...
Although it is commonly said that the notions of sensitivity and specificity were first defined by Jacob Yerushalmy in 1947, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests have been assessed as far back as the early 1900s. These notions share a common origin with the development of serology. They were originally immunologic concepts, closely a...
Background
Tools based on diagnostic prediction models are available to help general practitioners (GP) diagnose colorectal cancer. It is unclear how well they perform and whether they lead to increased or quicker diagnoses and ultimately impact on patient quality of life and/or survival. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the develo...
Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies are fundamental to the decision making process in evidence based medicine. Although such studies are regarded as high level evidence, these reviews are not always reported completely and transparently. Suboptimal reporting of DTA systematic reviews compromises their validity and generalis...
Objective
Comparative diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews (DTA reviews) assess the accuracy of two or more tests and compare their diagnostic performance. We investigated how comparative DTA reviews assessed the risk of bias (RoB) in primary studies that compared multiple index tests.
Study Design and Setting
Overview of comparative DTA re...
An evaluation of a rapid portable gold- nanotechnology measuring SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgA and IgG antibody concentrations against spike 1 (S1), spike 2 (S) and nucleocapsid (N) was conducted using serum samples from 74 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA on admission to hospital, and 47 historical control patients from March 2019. 59 patients were RNA(+)...
A multiplexed biophotonic assay platform has been developed using the localised particle plasmons in gold nanoparticles functionalised into an array with two assays: total IgG and C reactive protein (CRP). A protein A/G (PAG) assay, calibrated with a NIST reference material, shows a maximum surface coverage of max = 7.13 ± 0.19 mRIU, equivalent to...
The fraction of intact monomer in a sample (moles/moles), the monomeric purity, is measured as a quality control in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies but is often unknown in research samples and remains a major source of variation in quantitative antibody-based techniques such as immunoassay development. Here, we describe a novel multiplex techniqu...
Aims/hypothesis
Treatment change following a genetic diagnosis of MODY is frequently indicated, but little is known about the factors predicting future treatment success. We therefore conducted the first prospective study to determine the impact of a genetic diagnosis on individuals with GCK-, HNF1A- or HNF4A-MODY in the UK, and to identify clinica...
Importance
Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy synthesize data from primary diagnostic studies that have evaluated the accuracy of 1 or more index tests against a reference standard, provide estimates of test performance, allow comparisons of the accuracy of different tests, and facilitate the identification of sources of variability in...
Introduction
High quality evidence for test accuracy can be scarce. We assessed the test accuracy of two tests (Actim Partus and PartoSure) for the prediction of preterm birth. Twenty published full-text papers were included whilst conference abstracts were excluded. Since systematic reviews of diagnostic tests on other topics may need to rely on d...
Background
Expert opinion is often sought to complement available information needed to inform model-based economic evaluations in health technology assessments. In this context, we define expert elicitation as the process of encoding expert opinion on a quantity of interest, together with associated uncertainty, as a probability distribution. When...
Background:
Improved dementia identification is a global health priority, and general practitioners (GPs) are often the first point of contact for people with concerns about their cognition. However, GPs often express uncertainty in using assessment tools and the evidence based on which tests are most accurate in identifying dementia is unclear. I...
Objective:
Motivated by recent calls to use electronic health records for research, we reviewed the application and development of methods for addressing the bias from unmeasured confounding in longitudinal data.
Design:
Methodological review of existing literature SETTING: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles addressing the threat to cau...
Background
Peripheral venous cannulation is an everyday practice in hospitals, which many adults find painful. However, anaesthesia for cannulation is usually only offered to children. Inadequate pain relief is not only unpleasant for patients but may cause anxiety about further treatment and deter patients from seeking medical care in the future....
Background:
When data needed to inform parameters in decision models are lacking, formal elicitation of expert judgement can be used to characterise parameter uncertainty. Although numerous methods for eliciting expert opinion as probability distributions exist, there is little research to suggest whether one method is more useful than any other m...
Objective:
Monogenic diabetes is rare but is an important diagnosis in pediatric diabetes clinics. These patients are often not identified as this relies on the recognition of key clinical features by an alert clinician. Biomarkers (islet autoantibodies and C-peptide) can assist in the exclusion of patients with type 1 diabetes and allow systemati...
Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of behaviour changing interventions targeting ordering of thyroid function tests.
Design Systematic review.
Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database up to May 2015.
Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included studies evaluating the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions aimi...
Objective Clinicians predominantly use clinical features to differentiate type 1 from type 2 diabetes yet there are no evidence-based clinical criteria to aid classification of patients. Misclassification of diabetes is widespread (7–15% of cases), resulting in patients receiving inappropriate treatment. We sought to identify which clinical criteri...
To assess whether clinical characteristics and simple biomarkers of β-cell failure are associated with individual variation in glycemic response to GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
We prospectively studied 620 participants with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c ≥58 mmol/mol (7.5%) commencing GLP-1RA therapy as part...
To understand the meaning of having a false-positive screening mammogram.
Qualitative interview study.
Twenty-one women, who had experienced false-positive screening mammograms, took part in semi-structured interviews that were analysed with Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. This research took place in the United Kingdom.
The analysis reveale...
To obtain summary estimates of the accuracy of a single baseline measurement of the Elecsys Troponin T high-sensitive assay (Roche Diagnostics) for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting to the emergency department.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.
Medline, Embase, and other relev...
To gain an understanding of the views of women with false-positive screening mammograms of screening recall services, their ideas for service improvements and how these compare with current UK guidelines.
Inductive qualitative content analysis of semistructured interviews of 21 women who had false-positive screening mammograms. These were then comp...
Aims
Defining responders to glucose lowering therapy can be important for both clinical care and for the development of a stratified approach to diabetes management. Response is commonly defined by either HbA1c change after treatment or whether a target HbA1c is achieved. We aimed to determine the extent to which the individuals identified as respo...
The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group developed an approach to assess the quality of evidence of diagnostic tests. Its use in Cochrane diagnostic test accuracy reviews is new. We applied this approach to three Cochrane reviews with the aim of better understanding the application of the GRADE cri...
To determine a plausible estimate for a test's performance in a specific setting using a new method for selecting studies.
It is shown how routine data from practice may be used to define an "applicable region" for studies in receiver operating characteristic space. After qualitative appraisal, studies are selected based on the probability that the...
Elicitation is a technique that can be used to obtain probability distribution from experts about unknown quantities. We conducted a methodology review of reports where probability distributions had been elicited from experts to be used in model-based health technology assessments.
Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and the CRD database were searc...
Background
The decision on whether a diagnostic test accuracy study is applicable to practice is largely a qualitative process. Consequently, the summary estimates provided by meta-analysis may be, in some cases, completely inaccurate for a particular setting.
Objective
To develop a new method in which the selection of applicable studies is based...
Background
Cochrane reviews are one of the best known and most trusted sources of evidence-based information in health care. While steps have been taken to make Cochrane intervention reviews accessible to a diverse readership, little is known about the accessibility of the newcomer to the Cochrane library: diagnostic test accuracy reviews (DTARs)....
Introduction:
in 2007 the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) restricted the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine.
Methods:
we conducted a health technology assessment (HTA) of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine for the treatment of AD to re-consi...
Introduction:
Management of a patient's diabetes is entirely dependent upon the type of diabetes they are deemed to have. Patients with Type 1 diabetes are insulin deficient so require multiple daily insulin injections, whereas patients with Type 2 diabetes still have some endogenous insulin production so insulin treatment is only required when di...
Objectives:
To identify the psychological effects of false-positive screening mammograms in the UK.
Methods:
Systematic review of all controlled studies and qualitative studies of women with a false-positive screening mammogram. The control group participants had normal mammograms. All psychological outcomes including returning for routine scree...
The value of a diagnostic test is not simply measured by its accuracy, but depends on how it affects patient health. This article presents a framework for the design and interpretation of studies that evaluate the health consequences of new diagnostic tests
Most studies of diagnostic tests evaluate only their accuracy. Although such studies descri...
Citations
... For example, to prevent diabetic retinopathy [6], guidelines suggest that people with type 2 diabetes should undergo a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist at the time of diagnosis [5]. To aid with the identification and grading of diabetic retinopathy, there are several machine learning (ML) tools that use images of the interior of the eye (retinal fundus images) [7][8][9][10]. ...
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... The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool, which comprises four main domains: patient selection, index test, reference standard, flow and timing [32,33], and its extension for comparative reviews (QUADAS-C) [34]. ...
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... 33 Therefore, the open challenge test is We found two literature reviews discussed the CoMiss. Vandenplas et al., 35 which gives a wide range of sensitivity and specificity (20% to 70%), (54% to 92%), respectively, and Thompson et al. 36 also give a wide range of sensitivity (37% to 98%) and specificity (38% to 93%). The two studies did not do any pooling for the results but just a qualitative analysis. ...
... The study protocol was developed based on the STROBE checklist. Characteristics of the study design are presented in Table 1 [17]. ...
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... • Sensitivity (SE) and Specificity (SP) (Kahn, 1942;Yerushalmy, 1947;Binney et al., 2021) (Kubat et al., 1998) ...
... Several predictive models have been developed to improve clinical judgment in patients with abdominal symptoms, and some have included quantitative FITs, but none have been fully validated [35]. ...
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... This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines [38]. The completed PRISMA checklist can be found in Supplementary Table S2. ...
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... Many comparative reviews use all available evidence, also including studies that evaluated only one of the index tests, and compare results from separate studies performed in different study groups (ie, "between-study" or "indirect" comparisons). Indirect comparisons are frequently the only source of evidence about the relative accuracy of tests because of the paucity of published primary comparative accuracy studies (46,47). However, such comparisons are prone to bias due to confounding (48) and results from indirect comparisons should be interpreted with caution. ...
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... A systematic review of symptom scores carried out in 2020 to inform the triage for CMA pinpointed two potential diagnostic tools: the CoMiSS awareness tool and the Gibbons et al. 2012 symptom score. [15][16][17][18] CoMiSS was initially developed to assess symptoms for a multicentre trial on two different hypoallergenic formulas, after which (with input from a group of international experts) it evolved into the original version of CoMiSS. Meyer described CoMiSS as a simple symptom awareness tool aimed at increasing HCP recognition of CMA and noted that, since its original identification, it has undergone extensive study and validation. ...
... Methods Biophotonic Multiplexed Immuno-kinetic assay A biophotonic platform using localised particle plasmon resonance has been described in detail elsewhere in a SARS-CoV-2 antibody sensing application 13 . The resulting assays are fully quantitative and calibrated against the NIST standard human antibody, RM8671, NISTmAb, a recombinant humanized IgG1ĸ with a known sequence 14 . ...
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