Chaoqin Gan's research while affiliated with Shanghai University and other places
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Publications (122)
In the visible light communication (VLC) network, the optical link between the robotic arm and the access point (AP) is easily interrupted due to the random orientation of the receiver on the robotic arm. First, based on the VLC channel model, a position-domain model of reliable AP (R-AP) for a random-orientation receiver (RO-receiver) is proposed....
This paper investigates the feedback period of channel state information (CSI) considering random blockage for an indoor visible light communication (VLC) network. First, a random-blockage model (RBM) for the indoor VLC network was built. Through the RBM, a closed expression for the dynamic blockage and self-blockage probability were obtained. Base...
This paper proposes a low-cost access network architecture supporting flexible point-to-point communication between any optical network units (ONUs). By sharing transceivers between upstream/downstream communication and ONU communication, the number of transceivers required in ONU can be decreased. Coupled with using passive components instead of a...
In this paper, the blockage problem of the optical link between AGV (autonomous ground vehicles) and AP (access point) in the logistics–warehousing VLC (visible light communication) network is analyzed. First, based on the random geometric model, a link-blockage model is proposed. Given the position of AGV, AP and obstacle, the blockage state of th...
In this article, a (network value)‐based inter‐slice and intra‐slice adaptive dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm is proposed for the coexistence scenario of URLLC slices, eMBB slices, and mMTC slices in 5G fronthaul networks. The network value model applicable to network slicing is constructed to provide a means for the value evaluation of virt...
In this paper, a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm based on differentiated service cycle (DSC) in multiple service (multi-service) hybrid Virtual Passive Optical Network (VPON) is proposed. The DSC algorithm introduces neural network prediction and improves the polling mechanism between Optical Network Unit (ONU) and Optical Line Termina...
In this paper, the information value model (IVM) of an access point (AP) and the related intelligent handover model (IHM) are firstly founded in the subway light-fidelity (LiFi) network. At first, based on statistical methods, the IVM is created by analyzing the behavioral characteristics of subway passengers. By the IVM, the probability of user ac...
The emergence of services such as high-definition video, smart home, and virtual reality has led to stringent requirements for delay jitter in 5G fronthaul network. In this paper, a novel differentiated traffic scheduling algorithm is proposed in 5G fronthaul hybrid network. It can not only eliminate the delay jitter, but also simultaneously transm...
A novel architecture with full-duplex direct communications (FDDC) between any two ONUs for optical access network is proposed in this paper. By designing combination switch ingeniously, the architecture is finished to realize FDDC between any two ONUs in wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks. By utilizing interconnected optical...
In this paper, a self-adaptive resource-allocation scheme combining traffic prediction with user satisfaction is firstly established in multi-wavelength VPON. Among VPONs, by proposing a (wavelength utility)-based dynamic wavelength allocation algorithm, the optimal allocation of wavelengths can be achieved. In a VPON: under condition that the tota...
In this paper, a load model of ONUs is proposed under the condition of one‐to‐many mode matching scenario in multi‐standard virtual passive optical network. By founding the load model of ONUs, the minimum number of loaded ONUs can be realized to reduce the total wavelength tuning times of MT‐ONUs (Mode Transformation ONU). By integrating this model...
A novel architecture with point-to-multipoint direct communication (P2MPDC) between any two optical network units (ONUs) for data center is proposed in the paper. By designing transceiver module (TM) ingeniously, the architecture is finished to realize P2MPDC between ONUs in wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-PONs). By c...
In this paper, an adaptive cross-layer handover algorithm based on multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) is proposed to solve the handover problem in hybrid light fidelity (LiFi) and wireless fidelity (WiFi) networks (HLWNets). According to this algorithm, the system can adapt to the user’s business type and behavioral characteristics to...
In this paper, a multi-dimensional quantitative model is firstly founded for evaluating communication network value, and the quantification of the abstract concept of network value is realized. By analyzing various factors that influence the evaluation of network value from multiple perspectives, an index system of multi-dimensional network value e...
Direct communication between optical network units (ONUs) provides the opportunity to reduce substantial latency among two communicating ONUs, which is very significant for next generation optical networks. In this paper, an expandable intersection-ring architecture to support direct communication among ONUs is proposed. By adopting two tunable fib...
In this paper, an (ONU-load and RTTs)-based (OLR) dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation (DWBA) algorithm for upstream channel in next-generational Ethernet passive optical network (NG-EPON) is proposed. By proposing adaptive threshold grouping algorithm, the waste of bandwidth resources caused by massive guard timeslots and mismatch between a...
This paper proposes a cost-effective tree architecture supporting flexible communication between any optical network units (ONUs). The proposed ONU-communication scheme has higher wavelength utilization and lower transmission latency. By creatively introducing proximal node (PN) and skillfully utilizing spatial isolation, the intra-communication si...
In this paper, a novel adjustment scheme of the position-predicted period (PP: position-predicted period) in indoor VLC network is proposed. The scheme is adaptive to the movement speed. It contains two key parts: speed-adaptive PI collection (PI: position information) and speed-adaptive PP adjustment. By user’s mobile characteristics, speed-adapti...
In this paper, a self-adaptable anti-interference scheme in a hybrid wireless fidelity (WiFi) and visible light communication (VLC) network is firstly proposed by light-path blocking. By human behavior characteristics, a user-device position relationship model is constructed to determine users’ orientations. By the model, a strategy of choosing acc...
A novel architecture with full-duplex direct communications(FDDC) between any two ONUs for optical access network is proposed in this paper. By designing combination switch(CS) ingeniously, the architecture is finished to realize FDDC between any two ONUs in wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks(WDM-PONs). By utilizing interconn...
In this paper, a fair resource allocation mechanism based on user satisfaction in multiple optical line terminal (multi-OLT) virtual passive optical network (VPON) is proposed. By introducing user satisfaction functions, the satisfaction of users can be quantified. By presenting multi-OLT VPON in metro-access optical network (MAON), different prior...
With the emergence of new services such as high-definition video, cloud computing and virtual reality, the load's bandwidth prediction ability is necessary to support soaring services request bandwidth with diversified characteristics and requirements. In this paper, a novel bandwidth allocation algorithm based on differential bandwidth request pre...
In this paper, a mode transformation algorithm based on traffic prediction in virtual multiple optical line terminal (OLT) passive optical network (PON) is proposed. By proposing exponential smoothing algorithm based on weight update (WU‐ESA), user traffic is predicted well. WU‐ESA is a combination of two algorithms: exponential smoothing algorithm...
With the smooth upgrade of the access network, multiple tuning-time devices will coexist in the long-reach access network, and the subsequent problems of high round-trip time (RTT) and optical network unit (ONU) tuning delay need to be solved urgently. In this paper, a multi-thread multiple tuning-time devices coexistence (MT-MTDC) bandwidth alloca...
In this paper, a three-dimensional grid architecture supporting discretionary direct communication among optical network units (ONUs) is proposed. By setting up one $N \times N\hspace{3pt}$ N × N arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and two coarse wavelength division multiplexers in the remote node (RN), the optimal path selection of discretionary direc...
In this paper, a (network-service value)-based admission decision mechanism for ONU’s virtual access under distributed control in virtual passive optical network (VPON) is proposed. By introducing distributed control into VPON, a more efficient VPON architecture is proposed. By designing corresponding information flow, the virtual connections betwe...
With the development of passive optical network (PON), multiple PON systems using various multiplexing technologies can coexist. Virtualization technology is a preferable solution for multi-standard coexistence. In this paper, (max-min model)-based mode-matched algorithm is proposed in multisystem-based virtual passive optical network (VPON). By co...
Optical network unit (ONU)'s wavelength tuning time is a key factor that cannot be ignored in ONU scheduling algorithm for multi-wavelengths passive optical network (PON). In this paper, we propose an adaptive scheduling algorithm for the coexistence of ONUs with different tuning time in virtual PON, which is called multi-tuning-time ONU scheduling...
Direct communication of optical network units (ONUs) is an important function in metro‐access optical network. In this paper, a grid architecture supporting discretionary and efficient communication between ONUs is proposed. The grid architecture is built by using two interconnecting fibers to connect every two ONUs; this can give protection to eve...
Here, Tg‐minimised bandwidth‐allocated scheme is proposed for VPON supporting joint scheduling of multiple subsystems in metro‐access optical network. To minimise guard time (Tg) in WDM‐PON and TDM‐PON, the Tg‐transferred mechanism is introduced. To reduce the number of Tg in OFDM‐PON, the subcarrier allocation algorithm based on the minimum number...
In this paper, a multiple optical line terminal (OLT) passive optical network (PON) and the dynamic programming algorithm for downstream channel is proposed. By wavelength-selectable module, the adjustable remote node (RN) is constructed. By this adjustable RN, a simple and efficient multi-OLT PON is designed. By the way of first-plan and then-load...
In this paper, an (overlap and non-overlap)-based dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm with wavelength optimal length (WOL) for upstream channel in multi-OLT passive optical network (PON) is proposed. By introducing optical line terminal (OLT) pool, the problem of OLT services imbalance is solved. Based on the service and its weight factor,...
Direct communication between optical network units (ONUs) is an important function in metro-access optical networks. In this paper, a grid architecture supporting the intracommunication and intercommunication between ONUs is proposed. By employing an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and coarse wavelength division multiplexer in a remote node, not on...
With the development of passive optical network, different standards will occur in the same network topology. Virtualization technology is a preferable solution for multi-standard coexistence. In this paper, priority-based mode transformation algorithm is proposed for cross-standard bandwidth management in multisystem-based virtual passive optical...
Direct communication among optical network units (ONUs) is very significant for next-generation optical networks. In this paper, a metro-access optical network architecture supporting intra-communication and inter-communication is proposed based on dual-fiber ring topology. By adopting two tunable fiber Bragg gratings and one arrayed waveguide grat...
In the metro-access optical network, a two-stage bandwidth-allocated algorithm is proposed for the multi-subsystem-based virtual passive optical network (VPON) that can achieve the syncretism of multiple systems such as time division multiplexing-PON, wavelength division multiplexing-PON and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-PON. In this p...
Recently, the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group has been working to explore new solutions for the nextgeneration Ethernet passive optical network (NG-EPON). It’s desirable for NG-EPON to support the coexistence of multi-type users and multi-type services (MUMS) on a single access platform. Moreover, in the future, ONU may be equipped with multiple...
A reconfigurable and reliable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) metro-access optical network architecture is proposed in this paper. With the establishment of one optical transmitter in the optical network unit (ONU) and the reuse of optical distribution network, three kinds of reconfigurable WDM optical networks can be successfully built to a...
In this paper, a reliable scheme based on star topology is proposed by introducing group protection. Depending on interconnecting fibers, all optical network units (ONUs) are divided into some groups and each group contains 2 ONUs. Through these groups, the network can not only realize efficient transmission of local area network service between ad...
Adopting the pay-as-you-grow approach to upgrade passive optical network (PON) facilities by WDM technology insures the smoothness of the upgrade, and also results in the coexistence of wavelength-fixed/tunable optical network units (ONUs) in WDM/TDM PONs. Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) is the key to support such coexistence of heterogeneous ON...
An optical wavelength division multiplexing metro access network is proposed in this paper. With the design of flexible distribution node (FDN), three kinds of reconfigurable networks can be flexibly built to achieve intra- and inter-optical network unit (ONU)-direct communications. With the adoption of multiple tangent twin-ring topologies, four-l...
Network reliability and scalability are two important factors in metro-access networks. In this paper, a scalable and resilient intersection-ring architecture for metro-access networks is proposed. By adopting intersection-ring topology and expanding modules, the network can not only realize online expansion but also carry out mutual protection bet...
An optical time-and-wavelength-division-multiplexing metro-access network (TWDM-MAN) is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. By the reuse of tangent-ring optical distribution network and the design of distributed control mechanism, ONUs needing to communicate with each other can be flexibly accessed to successfully make up three kinds of reconf...
In this paper, we propose a novel tangent-ring TWDM metro-access network providing flexible reconfiguration and high reliability. With the innovate design of flexible distribution node (FDN) and distributed control mechanism (DCM), three kinds of reconfigurable TWDM-PONs can be built to achieve efficient intra and inter ONU direct communication by...
A passive optical network (PON) with multiple optical line terminals (OLTs) will play an important role in the optical access network. In this study, a novel dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm for the downstream channel in a multi-OLT PON is proposed. To take care of bandwidth demands of different users, weight factors are introduced. Bas...
In this paper, a novel architecture of hybrid PON for smart grid is proposed by introducing a wavelength-routing module (WRM). By using conventional optical passive components, a WRM with M ports is designed. The symmetry and passivity of the WRM makes it be easily integrated and very cheap in practice. Via the WRM, two types of network based on di...
DBA scheme based on Load balance algorithm (LBA) and wavelength recycle mechanism (WRM) for multi-wavelength upstream transmission is proposed in this paper. According to 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps line rates, ONUs are grouped into different VPONs. To facilitate wavelength management, resource pool is proposed to record wavelength state. To realize quantit...
In this article, a (ring-and-tree)-based metro-access network architecture is proposed. By using some conventional optical components, the network can realize passivity in both a remote node and optical network unit (ONU). By employing ring-and-tree topology, the network cannot only provide protection for feeder fibers, but also realize large-scale...
A simple wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network is proposed in this paper. By simply designing the remote node, the virtual-ring local area network (LAN) services transmitted among optical network units are realized. And coupled with conventional broadband light source and spectrum-sliced technology, the network can support the LA...
ONU schedule algorithm and ONU transfer mechanism for multi-subsystem-based VPONs’ management is proposed in this paper. To avoid frequent wavelength switch and realize high system stability, ONU schedule algorithm is presented for wavelength allocation by introducing box-filling model. At the same time, judgement mechanism is designed to filter wa...
As it is known that the access network is very sensitive to the cost, and the number of remote nodes (RNs) is large in metro-access network. RN cost occupies the main part of the whole network cost.
Therefore, reducing the cost of RN is the key to improve the cost efficiency of the whole network. In this paper, we only use some conventional optical...
Mode transformation algorithm and universal control mechanism for multiple subsystems in metro-access optical network are proposed to realize a multisubsystem-based virtual passive optical network. By combining the characteristics of different multiplexing technologies, a flexible control node (FCN) is constructed. By defining functional modules of...
Based on multi-standard OLT management structure, this paper realizes supporting GPON and EPON simultaneously in metro-access optical network. To adjust VPON structure dynamically, virtual access mechanism is established. To support two different standards, compatible multi-standard management structure for VPONs is proposed. It can also manage dyn...
In a metro-Access optical network, a bandwidth-Allocated algorithm is proposed for traffic-orientated multisubsystem-based virtual passive optical network (MS-VPON) that can implement the syncretism of multiple systems such as time division multiplexing-PON (TDM-PON), wavelength division multiplexing-PON (WDM-PON), and orthogonal frequency division...
A highly reliable semi-passive WDM optical network is proposed in this paper. By newly designing passive array scheme in remote node, the network can support ring, grid and three-dimension topologies of optical network units (ONUs). By using optical switches and connecting fibers between the adjacent ONUs, the network can achieve 1:N (N ≥ 2) protec...
Under the multi-system coexistence environment in the future, cross-system DBA algorithm will be the key technology to improve network resource utilization. This paper presents a sort of cross-system DBA algorithm to transfers the system triggered by threshold, thus it achieves the load balance of different systems and increases network throughput....
In the metro-access optical network, a multi-channel scheduling algorithm is proposed for multi-subsystem-based virtual passive optical network (VPON) that can implement the syncretism of multiple systems such as time division multiplexing-PON (TDM-PON), wavelength division multiplexing-PON (WDM-PON), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-PON...
In the metro-access optical network, bandwidth-allocated mechanism and its algorithm are proposed for the multi-subsystem-based virtual passive optical network (VPON) that can implement the syncretism of multiple systems such as time division multiplexing-PON, wavelength division multiplexing-PON and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-PON....
WDM (wavelength-division multiplexing)/TDM (time-division multiplexing) PON (passive optical network) is being viewed as a promising solution for delivering multiple services and applications, such as high-definition video, video conference and data traffic. Considering the real-time transmission, QoS (quality of services) requirements and differen...
To the wavelength-division multiplexing/time-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM/TDM PON) architecture that implements wavelength sharing and traffic redirection, a priority-rotating dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The priority of each ONU is set and rotated to meet the bandwidth demand and gua...
A ring-based wavelength division multiplexing access network is presented in this paper. By introducing a novel alternate transmission mode, the network can optimize the optical power received by each node. By using ring topology, the central office can provide full protection in the case of both single- and double-fiber failure. It can make the nu...
WDM/TDM passive optical network (PON) is being viewed as a promising solution for delivering multiple services and applications, such as high-definition video, video conference and data traffic. This paper introduces a novel bandwidth allocation scheme to efficiently utilize the bandwidth and support QoS (Quality of Service) guarantees in WDM/TDM P...
In this paper, an optical power splitter module (OPS-M) and (OPS-M)-based WDM-PON are proposed. The symmetry and passivity of OPS-M makes it easy to integrate and dirt cheap in practice. It shows this OPS-M can be widely applied in an optical network. By utilizing the OPS-M, the wavelength tri-reuse is realized. At the same time, the coherent inter...
A novel modularized twin-ring wavelength division multiplexer access network is proposed in this paper. By originally designing the switch module and the exchange module, the central office and the remote nodes are formed respectively. This gives the network both modularity and scalability. By using twin-ring topology, the architecture of network i...
A novel architecture of optical access network based on round shift method is proposed. Round shift method is composed by round service mode of carriers and cycle characteristic of 2×N arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). By utilizing the round service mode, every carrier is tri-reused to provide service for three different optical network units. Besid...
We propose a novel virtual passive optical network (VPON) scheme syncretizing multiple subsystems for metro-access optical network, which reflects the characteristic of flat network and meets the demand of technology compatibility. In this scheme, in order to maximize the utilization of finite network resource, the threshold-based resource recyclin...
In this paper, an algorithm of dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) is proposed to achieve multi-granularity dynamic bandwidth allocation in multi-wavelength in Metro-Access Optical Network based on OFDM-PON. The DBA mainly focuses on the inner ONU bandwidth allocation. An inner ONU queue is proposed based on OFDM-PON. By the DBA, bandwidth of differ...
A self-healing WDM-PON access ring architecture with high-reliable remote nodes is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. Four protecting modes are designed for protection of different fiber failures. The protecting fiber of the central ring can provide protection for working fiber. Optical line terminal and remote nodes can automatically switch...
WDM/TDM (wavelength-division multiplexing/time-division multiplexing) PON (passive optical network) appears to be an attractive solution for the next generation optical access networks. Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) plays a crucial role in efficiently and fairly allocating the bandwidth among all users in WDM/TDM PON. In this paper, two dynami...
Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) is of great importance and interest to multichannel passive optical networks (PONs). It plays a crucial role in efficiently and fairly allocating the bandwidth among all users. In this paper, a novel quota-based excess-distribution algorithm which can achieve accurate bandwidth allocation for end-users by using Co...
A novel scalable wavelength-division multiplexing access network is proposed in this article. By newly designing the remote node, this network can not only support the long-reach transmission and broadcasting services, it can also have flexible scalability and the ability of sharing fiber protection. These make this network have great resilient cap...
In this paper, the general structural models of single-fiber bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network with star topology and ring topology are proposed. The performances of the two general structural models including network scale, construction cost and system reliability, are analyzed and compared numerically. In part...
A simple single-star multi-ring structure of multi-wavelength optical access network for enlarging network scale and protecting distribution fiber is presented. In this scheme, the ring structure enables optical network units to switch automatically to a protection link when the distribution fiber fails, and a star structure is adopted to weaken th...
highly reliable wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network delivering up/downstream and broadcast signals simultaneously is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, subcarrier multiplexing is introduced at the optical line terminal. The optical carriers are used for the transmission of point-to-point and broadcast signals. The combinat...
SUMMARY We propose a wavelength-reuse wavelength-division multiplexing semipassive optical access network architecture with ring topology. Two access rings are controlled by one central office. The system capacity, as well as the network cover area, can be doubled with this proposal. When fiber failure occurs, the corresponding switches in remote n...
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel survivable WDM-PON architecture using Optical Carrier Suppression (OCS) technique. It can provide protection against the feeder fiber failure. The simulation results for the scheme at 2.5 Gbit/s downstream signals and 2.5 Gbit/s upstream signals are presented to verify the feasibility of system.
Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology has been recognised as one of the most promising solutions in optical access network. A general ring-based multi-wavelength optical access network based on WDM technology, which can realise triple-play service including point-to-point service and multicast service is introduced in this study. To eff...
By using cycle shift method, a novel architecture of optical access network is proposed. It can not only achieve the carrier tri-reuse but also provide protection for distribution fibers. By taking cycle service mode, one carrier can respectively provide services for three different optical network units at the same time. And, by utilizing the cycl...
Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) is of great importance and interest to multichannel passive optical networks (PON). It plays a crucial role in efficiently and fairly allocating the bandwidth among all users. In this paper, we proposed an optimized excess bandwidth distribution algorithm. The excess distribution quota obtained from the algorithm...
Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (OFDM-PON). And more importance has been attached to the algorithm achieving dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) by researchers. In this paper, an algorithm which aims at achieving multi-granularity DBA based on OFDM-PON is propo...
A wavelength division multiplexing access network architecture with cobweb topology is proposed in this paper. It can be a candidate for metro access network with high reliability in the future. This architecture can provide two protection methods. The protection strategy which can maximize the protected traffic is elaborated in the context. Mathem...
A self-healing WDM-PON architecture with broadcasting services was proposed in this paper. In this scheme, the network cannot only transmit the broadcasting services, but also have the self-healing ability when there is a fault happening on feeder fiber and distributed fiber. The proposed system can support 150 ONUs under the common state with Fibe...
A novel wavelength division multiplexing metro-access network based on dual-fiber ring of remote nodes and star topology of optical network units is designed to realize the reliable network in case of either single or dual fiber failure. In the design, the survivability of the network is largely enhanced by three work modes. Simultaneously, this ne...
In this paper, an extensible optical access network architecture is proposed on the basis of multiple tangent single-fiber rings. With the proposed architecture, both multistage protections and data aggregation can be realized. Optical line terminal and remote nodes (RNs) can automatically switch to protection mode to overcome fiber failure occurri...
A WDM-PON based on a central single-fiber ring and secondary trees is presented and demonstrated. With the proposed architecture, both protection and dynamic wavelength assignment can be realized. The central ring can provide protection for the feeder fiber. The design of the Remote Node (RN) can realize the function of dynamic wavelength assignmen...
A colorless wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network delivering up/downstream signals and video broadcast signal (VBS) simultaneously is presented in this paper. In this scheme, subcarrier modulation technique is adopted at the optical line terminal. Here un-modulated double-sideband subcarriers and optical carriers operating in dif...
We propose wavelength-reuse WDM-PON architecture with ring topology. Two access rings are controlled by one central office. Two wavelength bands are cross-wavelength reused as the light source by the two access rings for downstream and upstream modulation separately. The system capacity, as well as the network cover area can be doubled with this pr...
Citations
... Video applications make use of the mobile internet to provide visual content to mobile users carrying handheld terminal devices, and depend on excellent technologies of wireless communication to support a high-definition and smooth viewing experience [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The target of the videos' release focuses on the large-scale popularity over the internet [7][8][9][10]. ...
... Subramani et al (2022) proposed a technique to reduce the energy consumption for IoT devices and increased the efficiency in addition to route adjustment scheme. The IoT devices were used in the IoT environment in course of testing the proposed method [16], [64]. ...
... Existing HEMS research focuses more on the participation of individual users in DR, but in practice, the large number of HEMS users participating in demand response generates a large amount of data when interacting with demand-side dispatchable resources [20], [21], and the large amount of data generates a large amount of bandwidth demand and computational power demand. Unreasonable bandwidth allocation will result in data transmission delays and waste of bandwidth resources, while insufficient computing power in the data center will result in queuing delays, both of which will affect the real-time data transmission [22], [23]. ...
... IEEE 1914.3 [19] and IEEE P802.1CM [20] propose the mechanism and standards to carry the multiple timesensitive traffic streams over the Ethernet fronthaul networks. Like our proposed scheme, the studies CFIT [21] and DTSA [22] implemented the fronthaul scenarios based on the 3GPP [7] and IEEE standards [19] [20]. A study [21] proposes a scheduling algorithm named CFIT to transmit multiple common public radio interface (CPRI) streams over a single switching network. ...
... a) MO-VPON: In the MO-vPON approach of NFV, a centralized physical OLT (main server OLT) virtualizes multiple OLT processes or manages multiple client OLTs. Each client OLT is responsible for a subset of respective ONUs in vPON and has its bandwidth allocation policies and upstream bandwidth maps [24]. The client OLT processes can cooperate with the help of the centralized physical OLT to provide better services to their ONUs. ...
... Hu et al. [21] proposed an adaptive cross-layer handover algorithm based on multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) to address the handover hitch in a hybrid light fidelity (LiFi) and wireless fidelity (WiFi) networks (HLWNets). Based on the algorithm, the adaptiveness of the system to the user's business type and behavioural traits was exhibited, leading to seamless handover. ...
... Based on our previous work, we define a new concept for network slicing to evaluate network performance, namely, network value. 17 Network value consists of two parts: economic value and QoS value. The economic value measures the profit of the network, and the QoS value measures the network service quality from the perspective of user perception. ...
... However, bridging optical access and metro networks requires a careful estimation of the deployment costs and power budgeting to facilitate the end-user with the guaranteed facilities [11]. Many researchers have widely deployed the ring topology in OMANs due to its self-healing characteristics and reliability for access networks [12][13][14]. X. Li et al. deployed a dual fiber ring structure for protection measurements and multiple transmitters at the optical line terminal side (OLT) [15]. Similarly, a ring-based OMAN network is deployed with two OLTs in [16] for protection purposes. ...
... In this section, the schemes of [15], [18], [25], [26], [29], [31], [33], [34], [57], [58] that were proposed in recent years and the schemes in this paper are compared in terms of the amortized cost performance. To ensure a fair comparison, the same price information as that given in this paper is used in the analysis, and two conventional networking scenarios, a dispersive scenario and a collective scenario, are selected to analyze the cost that each ONU needs to bear in each scheme under their respective maximum network scales. ...
... Fair resource allocation and management approaches are proposed for providing user satisfaction in multiple optical lines in virtual passive optical networks [13,14]. These approaches operate with the double equitable dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme based on a combination of two algorithms. ...
