Chantal Kemner's research while affiliated with Utrecht University and other places
What is this page?
This page lists the scientific contributions of an author, who either does not have a ResearchGate profile, or has not yet added these contributions to their profile.
It was automatically created by ResearchGate to create a record of this author's body of work. We create such pages to advance our goal of creating and maintaining the most comprehensive scientific repository possible. In doing so, we process publicly available (personal) data relating to the author as a member of the scientific community.
If you're a ResearchGate member, you can follow this page to keep up with this author's work.
If you are this author, and you don't want us to display this page anymore, please let us know.
It was automatically created by ResearchGate to create a record of this author's body of work. We create such pages to advance our goal of creating and maintaining the most comprehensive scientific repository possible. In doing so, we process publicly available (personal) data relating to the author as a member of the scientific community.
If you're a ResearchGate member, you can follow this page to keep up with this author's work.
If you are this author, and you don't want us to display this page anymore, please let us know.
Publications (132)
How do researchers in psychology view the relation between scientific knowledge, its applicability, and its societal relevance? Most research on psychological science and its benefits to society is discussed from a bird’s eye view (a meta-scientific perspective), by identifying general trends such as psychology’s dominant focus on lab-based experim...
Many of us, especially in the more experimental tradition, are used to doing it all ourselves: we don't know better than to collect our own data for every new study. We invest considerable amounts of time and resources in designing experiments, ethical review applications, participant recruitment, finding and training measuring assistants, and writ...
Computer-vision-based gaze estimation refers to techniques that estimate gaze direction directly from video recordings of the eyes or face without the need for an eye tracker. Although many such methods exist, their validation is often found in the technical literature (e.g., computer science conference papers). We aimed to (1) identify which compu...
There is growing interest in the hypothesis that early parenting behaviors impact children's self-regulation by affecting children’s developing brain networks. Yet, most prior research on the development of self-regulation has focused on either environmental or neurobiological factors. The aim of the current study was to expand the literature by ex...
A primary mode of human social behavior is face-to-face interaction. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of gaze and its relation to speech behavior during video-mediated face-to-face interactions between parents and their preadolescent children. 81 parent–child dyads engaged in conversations about cooperative and conflictive family...
The Tobii Pro TX300 is a popular eye tracker in developmental eye‐tracking research, yet it is no longer manufactured. If a TX300 breaks down, it may have to be replaced. The data quality of the replacement eye tracker may differ from that of the TX300, which may affect the experimental outcome measures. This is problematic for longitudinal and mul...
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have smaller vocabularies in infancy compared to typically-developing children. To understand whether their smaller vocabularies stem from problems in learning, our study compared a prospective risk sample of 18 elevated risk and 11 lower risk 24-month-olds on current vocabulary size and...
It is unclear whether infants differentially process emotional faces in the brain at 5 months of age. Contradictory findings of previous research indicate that additional factors play a role in this process. The current study investigated whether five‐month‐old infants show differential brain activity between emotional faces. Furthermore, we explor...
Infants’ socio-cognitive ability develops dramatically during the first year of life. From the perspective of ontogeny, the early development of social behavior allows for parent-child attachment, which in turn enhances survival. Thus, it is theorized that the development of social behavior, driven by social brain networks, forms the core of develo...
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical processing of facial expressions. Research with autistic toddlers suggests that abnormalities in processing of spatial frequencies (SFs) contribute to such differences. The current event-related-potential (ERP) study investigated differences between 10-month-old infants with high- and lo...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) likely emerges from a complex interaction between pre-existing neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities and the environment. The interaction with parents forms a key aspect of an infant's social environment, but few prospective studies of infants at elevated likelihood (EL) for ASD (who have an older sibling with ASD) have...
Behavioral development in children shows large inter-individual variation, and is driven by the interplay between biological, psychological, and environmental processes. However, there is still little insight into how these processes interact. The YOUth cohort specifically focuses on two core characteristics of behavioral development: social compet...
From infancy onwards, EEG is widely used to measure face-categorization, i.e. differential brain activity to faces versus non-face stimuli. Four ERP components likely signal infants’ face-sensitivity but reflect different underlying mechanisms: the P1, N290, P400, Nc. We test whether these components reveal similar developmental patterns from early...
Atypicalities in connectivity between brain regions have been implicated in a range of neurocognitive disorders. We require metrics to assess stable individual differences in connectivity in the developing brain, while facing the challenge of limited data quality and quantity. Here, we examine how varying core processing parameters can optimise the...
A popular goal in psychological science is to understand human cognition and behavior in the ‘real-world.’ In contrast, researchers have typically conducted their research in experimental research settings, a.k.a. the ‘psychologist’s laboratory.’ Critics have often questioned whether psychology’s laboratory experiments permit generalizable results....
The main thrust of Shamay-Tsoory and Mendelsohn’s ecological approach is that “the use of real-life complex, dynamic, naturalistic stimuli provides a solid basis for understanding brain and behavior” (p. 851). Although we support the overall goal and objectives of Shamay-Tsoory and Mendelsohn’s approach to “real-life” neuroscience, their review ref...
Researchers have increasingly focused on how the potential for social interaction modulates basic processes of visual attention and gaze behavior. In this study, we investigated why people may experience social interaction and what factors contributed to their subjective experience. We furthermore investigated whether implying social interaction mo...
Processing faces and understanding facial expressions are crucial skills for social communication. In adults, basic face processing and facial emotion processing rely on specific interacting brain networks. In infancy, however, little is known about when and how these networks develop. The current study uses functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f...
Introduction
Functional Electroencephalography (EEG) networks in infants have been proposed as useful biomarkers for developmental brain disorders. However, the reliability of these networks and their characteristics has not been established. We evaluated the reliability of these networks and their characteristics in 10‐month‐old infants.
Methods...
Gaze allocation to human faces has recently been shown to be greatly dependent on the social context. However, what has not been considered explicitly here, is how gaze allocation may be supportive of the specific task that individuals carry out. In the present study, we combined these two insights. We investigated (1) how gaze allocation to facial...
Sensitivity to another person’s eye gaze is vital for social and language development. In this eye-tracking study, a group of 74 children (6–14 years old) performed a gaze-cueing experiment in which another person’s shift in eye gaze potentially cued the location of a peripheral target. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether childre...
Given the importance of self-regulation for a broad range of developmental outcomes, identifying reliable precursors of self-regulation early in development is important for early prevention of developmental problems. The aim of this study was to examine whether three visual attention measures (fixation duration, variation in fixation duration, and...
Research on social impairments in psychopathology has relied heavily on the face processing literature. However, although many sub-systems of facial information processing are described, recent evidence suggests that generalizability of these findings to social settings may be limited. The main argument is that in social interaction, the content of...
During puberty a dip in face recognition is often observed, possibly caused by heightened levels of gonadal hormones which in turn affects the re-organization of relevant cortical circuitry. In the current study we investigated whether a pubertal dip could be observed in three other abilities related to social information processing: gaze following...
Facial expressions provide crucial information for an infant's social and cognitive development. Expressions are discriminated based on specific basic-level information, such as global and local information represented in spatial frequencies. Research in adults suggests that different neural pathways are involved in emotion discrimination, each act...
Face perception is characterized by configural processing, which depends on visual information in the low spatial frequency (LSF) ranges. However, it is unclear whether LSF content is equally important for face memory. The present study investigated how face information in the low and high SF range plays a role in the configural encoding of faces f...
Rapid decoding of emotional expressions is essential for social communication. Fast processing of facial expressions depends on the adequate (subcortical) processing of important global face cues in the low spatial frequency (SF) ranges. However, children below 9 years of age extract emotional expression information from local details represented b...
A long-standing hypothesis is that humans have a bias for fixating the eye region in the faces of others. Most studies have tested this hypothesis with static images or videos of faces, yet recent studies suggest that the use of such “nonresponsive” stimuli might overlook an influence of social context. The present study addressed whether the bias...
Understanding the development of attention is key to understanding cognitive maturation. The gap-overlap task can be administered at all ages and is widely used to study the development of overt visual attention. However, studies using the gap-overlap task report different measures and little is known about the tasks’ psychometric properties, espec...
Perception of visual stimuli improves with training, but improvements are specific for trained stimuli rendering the development of generic training programs challenging. It remains unknown to which extent training of low-level visual features transfers to high-level visual perception, and whether this is accompanied by neuroplastic changes. The cu...
RationaleThe dopaminergic system has been implicated in visuospatial attention and inhibition, but the exact role has yet to be elucidated. Scarce literature suggests that attenuation of dopaminergic neurotransmission negatively affects attentional focusing and inhibition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluated the eff...
Eye-tracking research in infants and older children has gained a lot of momentum over the last decades. Although eye-tracking research in these participant groups has become easier with the advance of the remote eye-tracker, this often comes at the cost of poorer data quality than in research with well-trained adults (Hessels, Andersson, Hooge, Nys...
Dataset used for statistical analyses.
For each participant gender, age and EDAN, ADAN, P1 and N200 amplitude (VEEG), P1 and N200 latency (LEEG), median saccadic reaction times (ET) and median manual reaction times (EEGRT)—towards invalid (I) and valid (V) targets that were preceded by faces that were either unfiltered (U) or filtered to contain th...
Laterality * filter.
Mean ± SE of EDAN and ADAN amplitude for each hemisphere, laterality (i.e. contralateral (C) and ipsilateral (I)) and filter condition (i.e. unfiltered (UF) or filtered to contain the lower spatial frequencies (LSF), mid spatial frequencies (MSF) of high spatial frequencies (HSF)).
(TIF)
Gaze direction is an important social communication tool. Global and local visual information are known to play specific roles in processing socially relevant information from a face. The current study investigated whether global visual information has a primary role during gaze-cued orienting of attention and, as such, may influence quality of int...
Cue-validity * filter.
Mean ± SE of P1 amplitude, P1 latency, N200 amplitude, N200 latency, manual reaction times (RT) and saccadic reaction times (RT) for each cue-validity (i.e. invalid (I) and valid (V)) and filter condition (i.e. unfiltered (UF) or filtered to contain the lower spatial frequencies (LSF), mid spatial frequencies (MSF) of high sp...
Two questions were posed in the present study: (1) Do infants search for discrepant items in the absence of instructions? We outline where previous research has been inconclusive in answering this question. (2) In what manner do infants search, and what are the fixation and saccade characteristics in saccadic search? A thorough characterization of...
A problem in eyetracking research is choosing areas of interest (AOIs): Researchers in the same field often use widely varying AOIs for similar stimuli, making cross-study comparisons difficult or even impossible. Subjective choices while choosing AOIs cause differences in AOI shape, size, and location. On the other hand, not many guidelines for co...
Eye tracking has become a valuable tool for investigating infant looking behavior over the last decades. However, where eye-tracking methodology and achieving high data quality have received a much attention for adult participants, it is unclear how these results generalize to infant research. This is particularly important as infants behave differ...
Both categorization and segmentation processes play a crucial role in face perception. However, the functional relation between these subprocesses is currently unclear. The present study investigates the temporal relation between segmentation-related and category-selective responses in the brain, using electroencephalography (EEG). Surface segmenta...
Social interaction starts with perception of other persons. One of the first steps in perception is processing of basic information such as spatial frequencies (SF), which represent details and global information. However, although behavioural perception of SF is well investigated, the developmental trajectory of the temporal characteristics of SF...
To identify the broader autism phenotype (BAP), the Family History Interview subject and informant versions and an observational tool (Impression of Interviewee), were developed. This study investigated whether the instruments differentiated between parents of children with autism, and parents of children with Down syndrome (DS). The BAP scores of...
The way we perceive the present visual environment is influenced by past visual experiences. Here we investigated the neural basis of such experience dependency. We repeatedly presented human observers with an ambiguous visual stimulus (structure-from-motion) that can give rise to two distinct perceptual interpretations. Past visual experience is k...
What are the decision criteria for choosing an eyetracker? Often the choice is based on specifications by the manufacturer of the validity (accuracy) and reliability (precision) of measurements that can be achieved using a particular eyetracker. These specifications are mostly achieved under optimal conditions-for example, by using an artificial ey...
In the current study, we investigated the role of noradrenaline in directing (bias) and disengagement of visuospatial attention.
We assessed the effect of clonidine on event-related brain potential (ERP) reflections of bias and disengagement in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design. An initial dose of 200-µg clonidine was replaced by 1...
Visual segmentation, a process in which elements are integrated into a form and segregated from the background, is known to differ from adults at infancy. The further developmental trajectory of this process, and of the underlying brain mechanisms, during childhood and adolescence is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the developmenta...
Significance
The human auditory system can filter sounds to select specific information. For example, when attention is “drawn” toward a tone of 1,000 Hz, the ear becomes more sensitive to that tone than to other tones. Here, we report that attention is drawn not only toward one specific frequency, as previously was assumed, but to octave-related f...
Superiority in visual search for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a well-reported finding. We administered two visual search tasks to individuals with ASD and matched controls. One showed no difference between the groups, and one did show the expected superior performance for individuals with ASD. These results offer an...
Atypical visual perception in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is hypothesized to stem from an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain. We used neuronal oscillations in the gamma frequency range (30-90 Hz), which emerge from a balanced interaction of excitation and inhibition in the brain, to assess contextual modul...
Understanding the neuropharmacology of inhibition is of importance to fuel optimal treatment for disorders such as Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of noradrenergic antagonism by clonidine on behavioral-performance and brain-activity indices of inhibition. A placebo-controlled, double...
Face perception in adults depends on skilled processing of interattribute distances ('configural' processing), which is disrupted for faces presented in inverted orientation (face inversion effect or FIE). Children are not proficient in configural processing, and this might relate to an underlying immaturity to use facial information in low spatial...
Face perception in adults depends on skilled processing of interattribute distances ('configural' processing), which is disrupted for faces presented in inverted orientation (face inversion effect or FIE). Children are not proficient in configural processing, and this might relate to an underlying immaturity to use facial information in low spatial...
Communication and integration of information between brain regions plays a key role in healthy brain function. Conversely, disruption in brain communication may lead to cognitive and behavioral problems. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired social interactions and aberrant basic information processing. Aberrant...
Multiple Complex Developmental Disorder (MCDD) is a well defined and validated behavioral subtype of autism with a proposed elevated risk of developing a schizophrenic spectrum disorder. The current study investigated whether children with MCDD show the same deficits in sensory gating that are commonly reported in schizophrenia, or whether they are...
The onset of psychosis is thought to be preceded by neurodevelopmental changes in the brain. However, the timing and nature of these changes have not been established. The aim of the present study was to determine whether three "classic" neurophysiological markers of schizophrenia are also characteristic of young adolescents (12-18 years) at ultra-...
Individuals with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at increased risk for schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Given the prevalence of visual processing deficits in these three disorders, a causal relationship between genes in the deleted region of chromosome 22 and visual processing is likely. Therefore, 22q11DS may represe...
Successful integration of various simultaneously perceived perceptual signals is crucial for social behavior. Recent findings indicate that this multisensory integration (MSI) can be modulated by attention. Theories of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) suggest that MSI is affected in this population while it remains unclear to what extent this is re...
Recent array-based studies have detected a wealth of copy number variations (CNVs) in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Since CNVs also occur in healthy individuals, their contributions to the patient's phenotype remain largely unclear. In a cohort of children with symptoms of ASD, diagnosis of the index patient using ADOS-G and ADI-R...
Studying genetically defined syndromes associated with increased risk for psychopathology may help in understanding neurodevelopmental mechanisms related to risk for psychopathology. Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is one of the most common sex chromosomal aneuploidies (1 in 650 male births) and associated with increased vulnerability for psychopatho...
Reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the auditory startle reflex is a hallmark feature of attention-processing deficits in patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Recent evidence suggests that these deficits may also be present before the onset of psychosis in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) and become progressively worse as...
The ability to use the gaze direction of another person to guide attention is important for social functioning, but behavioral reports on this topic among individuals with schizophrenia are inconclusive. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) can very accurately pinpoint the shifting of attention, and can therefore shed more light on cueing abilities in s...
A detailed visual processing style has been noted in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); this contributes to problems in face processing and has been directly related to abnormal processing of spatial frequencies (SFs). Little is known about the early development of face processing in ASD and the relation with abnormal SF processing. We investigated wh...
Schizophrenia is associated with aberrant event-related potentials (ERPs) such as reductions in P300, processing negativity and mismatch negativity amplitudes. These deficits may be related to the propensity of schizophrenia patients to experience auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). However, AVH are part of extensive and variable symptomatology i...
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with deficits in inhibition mechanisms. This is reflected in reports showing impaired sensorimotor and sensory gating in OCD patients, as measured with prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex and P50 suppression paradigms. However, most of the patients in these studies used medication and th...
There is converging evidence for the presence of a fast subcortical face-processing route that operates on global face characteristics in the mature brain. Until now, little has been known about the development of such a route, which is surprising given suggestions that this fast subcortical face-processing route might be affected in neurodevelopme...
Onderzoek heeft laten zien dat mensen met autisme een basale afwijking in de visuele waarneming hebben. Deze waarnemingsafwijkingen
zijn waarschijnlijk direct negatief gerelateerd aan het vermogen om op een optimale manier sociale informatie (zoals gezichten)
te kunnen verwerken. De oorzaak van de waarnemingsafwijking heeft waarschijnlijk te maken...
Many genetic studies in autism have been performed, resulting in the identification of multiple linkage regions and cytogenetic aberrations, but little unequivocal evidence for the involvement of specific genes exists. By identifying novel symptoms in these patients, enhanced phenotyping of autistic individuals not only improves understanding and d...
A new social distance judgment task was used to measure quantitatively the extent to which social cues are immediately and involuntary interpreted by typically developing (TD) individuals and by individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The task thus tapped into the ability to involuntary "pick up" the meaning of social cues. The cues teste...
Recent studies have shown that schizophrenia is characterized by visual perceptual deficits, especially in the ability to integrate stimulus details into a global percept. Also, several studies have found amplitude attenuation of the visual P1 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP), probably indicating impaired visual feedforward proc...
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia are both neurodevelopmental disorders that have extensively been associated with impairments in functional brain connectivity. Using a cross-sensory P50 suppression paradigm, this study investigated low-level audiovisual interactions on cortical EEG activation, which provides crucial information abo...
To examine the inter-rater reliability and stability of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses made at a very early age in children identified through a screening procedure around 14 months of age. In a prospective design, preschoolers were recruited from a screening study for ASD. The inter-rater reliability of the diagnosis of ASD was measured...
Rapidly decoding the emotional content of a face is an important skill for successful social behavior. Several Event Related brain Potential (ERP) have indicated that emotional expressions already influence brain activity as early as 100 ms. Some studies hypothesized that this early brain response to fear depends on coarse-magnocellular inputs, whi...
Superior performance on block design tasks is reported in autistic individuals, although it is not consistently found in high-functioning individuals or individuals with Asperger Syndrome. It is assumed to reflect weak central coherence: an underlying cognitive deficit, which might also be part of the genetic makeup of the disorder. We assessed blo...
Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors such as ketamine, induce abnormalities in healthy subjects similar to those found in schizophrenia. However, recent evidence, suggests that most of the currently known NMDA antagonists have a broader receptor profile than originally thought. Besides exerting an antagonistic effect on NMDA rec...
A new social distance judgment task was used to measure quantitatively the extent to which social cues are immediately and involuntary interpreted by typically developing (TD) individuals and by individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The task thus tapped into the ability to involuntary ‘‘pick up’’ the meaning of social cues. The cues tes...
A strategy to improve genetic studies of schizophrenia involves the use of endophenotypes. Information on overlapping genetic contributions among endophenotypes may provide additional power, reveal biological pathways, and have practical implications for genetic research. Several cognitive endophenotypes, including intelligence, are likely to be mo...
The association between the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and psychiatric disorders, particularly psychosis, suggests a causal relationship between 22q11DS genes and abnormal brain function. The genes catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) and proline dehydrogenase both reside within the commonly deleted region of 22q11.2. COMT activity and pro...
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable and complex disorder. Multiple genes are likely to be involved, complicating genetic research into the etiology of this disorder. Intermediate phenotypes or endophenotypes may facilitate genetic research if they display a simpler mode of transmission than schizophrenia itself, i.e., if they reflect more closely t...
This study investigated self-monitoring in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with event-related potentials looking at both the error-related negativity (ERN) and error-related positivity (Pe). The ERN is related to early error/conflict detection, and the Pe has been associated with conscious error evaluation or attention allocation. In a...
An important premise for successful social-affective communication is rapid perception of visual and auditory emotional cues, as well as their multisensory integration (MSI). We investigated to what extent a deficit in recognition of emotions in individuals with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) may have its roots in abnormal MSI of emotional...
Integration of information from multiple sensory sources is an important prerequisite for successful social behavior, especially during face-to-face conversation. It has been suggested that communicative impairments among individuals with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) might be caused by an inability to integrate synchronously presented vi...
Impaired gaze following is an important hallmark of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in clinical settings. Yet, ASD subjects perform normally on laboratory tasks involving gaze shifts. We investigated this contradiction, hypothesizing that impaired gaze following in ASDs is not related to basic impairments in attention orienting but to impaired emo...
An important characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increased visual detail perception. Yet, there is no standing neurobiological explanation for this aspect of the disorder. We show evidence from EEG data, from 31 control subjects (three females) and 13 subjects (two females) aged 16-28 years, for a specific impairment in object bound...
Subjects with PDD excel on certain visuo-spatial tasks, amongst which visual search tasks, and this has been attributed to enhanced perceptual discrimination. However, an alternative explanation is that subjects with PDD show a different, more effective search strategy. The present study aimed to test both hypotheses, by measuring eye movements dur...
Multiple complex developmental disorder (MCDD) is a well-defined and validated behavioural subtype of pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and is thought to be associated with a higher risk of developing a schizophrenic spectrum disorder. The question was addressed whether patients with MCDD show the same psychophysiol...
Enhanced detail processing is a characteristic of ASD. However, previous studies could not yet provide a neural explanation of this trait. Since the balance between visual feedforward and feedback processing is probably essential for the character of visual perception, we conjectured that this balance is disturbed in ASD. Using a new texture discri...
Patients diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, show impaired integration of information across different senses. The processing-level from which this impairment originates, however, remains unclear. We investigated low-level integration of auditory and visual stimuli in subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder. High-functioning adult subjects with...
Despite extensive research, it is still debated whether impairments in social skills of individuals with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) are related to specific deficits in the early processing of emotional information. We aimed to test both automatic processing of facial affect as well as the integration of auditory and visual emotion cues...
Research on visual perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tries to reveal the underlying mechanisms of aberrant local and global processing. Global motion perception is one way to study this aspect of ASD. We used plaid motion stimuli, which can be perceived as a coherently moving pattern, requiring feature integration, or as two transparent...
Children with ADHD make more errors than control children in response-conflict tasks. To explore whether this is mediated by enhanced sensitivity to conflict or reduced error-processing, task-related brain activity (N2, Ne/ERN, Pe) was compared between 8- to 12-year-old children with ADHD and healthy controls during performance of a flanker task. F...
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common, heritable neurodevelopmental conditions. The genetic architecture of ASDs is complex, requiring large samples to overcome heterogeneity. Here we broaden coverage and sample size relative to other studies of ASDs by using Affymetrix 10K SNP arrays and 1,181 [corrected] families with at least two affected...
Observing facial expressions automatically prompts imitation, as can be seen with facial electromyography. To investigate whether this reaction is driven by automatic mimicry or by recognition of the emotion displayed we recorded electromyograph responses to presentations of facial expressions, face-voice combinations and bodily expressions, which...
Citations
... Gaze-estimation technology has been receiving increasing attention due to its significant application value. This technology has been applied in numerous fields such as computer communication and text input [1], human-computer interaction [2], virtual reality (VR) [3], psychological research [4], advertising and entertainment gaming [5], animation creation [6], and driver distraction monitoring [7]. Eyeball gazing is a form of non-verbal communication. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/11431281104753475-1670237145895_Q64/Niilo-Valtakari.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/870739452366859-1584611871875_Q64/Charlotte-Viktorsson.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/696472077074432-1543063291592_Q64/Ignace-Hooge-2.jpg)
... On the one hand, this may be because parents provide a warm and emotional family atmosphere that requires a long time to take effect. On the other hand, parental warmth may contribute to the formation of parent-child attachment, and secure attachment relationships play an important role in the development of children's self-regulation [39]. So, we still need to keep warmth, sensitiveness, responsiveness, positive expressing, and positive reinforcement as a part of parenting projects. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/11431281103734847-1669804750408_Q64/Marissa-Hofstee-2.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/365213376368641-1464085062477_Q64/Bauke-Van-Der-Velde.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/1121849882738689-1644481263064_Q64/Jorg-Huijding.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/11431281086837210-1664371564922_Q64/Joyce-Endendijk.jpg)
... Another aspect to consider is the difference in AOI sizes. Our AOI sizes were observably larger than those implemented by Ross et al. 17 and Tönsing et al. 19 but smaller than those used by Holleman et al. 61 , for example. Our selection of AOIs was based on our previous implementation of the camera system 42 , with considerations made for estimated accuracy and the anticipation of data noise. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/934580831928320-1599832842108_Q64/Gijs-Holleman.jpg)
... Speech is recorded using a head-mounted microphone (AKG-c520, AKG Acoustics, USA) and a digital recording device (Zoom H4nPro, Zoom Corporation, USA) as described (Boutsen et al., 2023). Eye movement examination is done using a screen-based eye tracking device (Tobii Pro fusion, Tobii, Stockholm) as described (De Kloe et al., 2022). During the test, the participant's eye movements, including pursuits and saccades in both horizontal and vertical direction and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 14 opto-kinetic nystagmus, are recorded using a visual stimulus. ...
... Parental expressed anxiety seems to be associated with infant behavioral avoidance in a social referencing task such as the visual cliff task (Möller et al., 2014), suggesting a role of ostensive cues in the process of trusting parental reference. In fact, infants' neural processing of facial cues seems highly dependent on parental psychological (Bowman et al., 2022;Sandre et al., 2022) and behavioral characteristics (Boomen et al., 2021;Rayson et al., 2017) to the extent that infants with insecure attachment do not show age typical neural discrimination between fearful and non-fearful faces (Peltola et al., 2020), and in middle childhood avoidant children fail in discriminating between stranger's and caregiver's face (Kungl et al., 2022). ...
... We examine whether maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness are associated with distinct patterns of inter-brain connectivity between mother and infant that may be more or less beneficial for the infant's brain maturation. During the second six months of life, the "social brain" undergoes rapid maturation in terms of structural [33] and functional modifications [34,35], the development of networks that enable attention and emotion regulation, and the consolidation of the default-mode [35] and frontoparietal theta networks [36], and we therefore targeted our study at that period. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272843942395910-1442062473534_Q64/Tonya-White.jpg)
... Furthermore, in this study, the sample appeared to be skewed towards caregivers with limited formal education. However, the influence of parental educational level on parent-child interaction in statistical models needs to be further investigated 68 . ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/1095936503758849-1638303032370_Q64/Nanda-Rommelse.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/628004623511552-1526739378148_Q64/Jannath-Begum-Ali.jpg)
... The preliminary findings illuminate future efforts at implementing social robots in healthcare in general. Holleman et al. [9] investigated speech and gaze behavior of 79 parent-child dyads conversing in a state-of-the-art dual eyetracking setup [8]. Parents and their 9-year-old children conversed on a cooperation-like and a conflict-like topic. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/311636810764293-1451311413151_Q64/Maja-Dekovic.jpg)
... The data for this study are derived from the YOUth cohort study following Dutch children prenatally up to early childhood (Onland-Moret et al., 2020). The cohort involved repeated measurements at regular intervals. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/484814378803201-1492600163931_Q64/Jacobine-Buizer-Voskamp.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/676925290844174-1538402974182_Q64/Marieke-Albers.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272456283848743-1441970048833_Q64/Rachel-Brouwer.jpg)
... EEG signals were sampled at 2048 Hz using Actiview (version 7.05). For more details, see Di Lorenzo et al. (2020). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/559114975956993-1510314806448_Q64/Renata-Di-Lorenzo.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/1155702420717568-1652552337162_Q64/Caroline-Junge.jpg)
