![Fig. 2 Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the pathological specimens. A The subsidiary raised area was composed of irregularly thickened stratified squamous epithelium and a core of fibrovascular tissue. B The surface of the lesions was relatively smooth, and thick rete-like epithelial projections extended in the stromal core (Makise et al. [47])](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370407948/figure/fig1/AS:11431281154543649@1682858766315/Hematoxylin-and-eosin-staining-of-the-pathological-specimens-A-The-subsidiary-raised_Q320.jpg)
April 2023
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Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
If esophageal papilloma (EP) is a rare condition, esophageal papillomatosis (EPS) is a distinct rarity. To date, only 53 well documented cases have been described in English literature. However, the number of reports on EPS significantly increased to over 40 cases during the past 20 years. Perhaps, this is due to the broad use of endoscopy and related research achievements. Most of the cases are individual and it seems that there are no associations between them. And up to now no guidelines can be followed. To further understand this exceedingly rare disease, we had a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, treatment, and clinical course of EPS.