Biao Zhu's research while affiliated with Peking University and other places
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Publications (110)
Soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence is predominantly governed by mineral protection, consequently, soil mineral-associated (MAOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) turnovers have different impacts on the vulnerability of SOC to climate change. Here, we generate the global MAOC and POC maps using 8341 observations and then infer the turnover ti...
China’s massive wave of urbanization may be threatened by land subsidence. Using a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique, we provided a systematic assessment of land subsidence in all of China’s major cities from 2015 to 2022. Of the examined urban lands, 45% are subsiding faster than 3 millimeters per year, and 16% are subsi...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization is a key component of the global carbon cycle. Its temperature sensitivity Q 10 (which is defined as the factor of change in mineralization with a 10 °C temperature increase) is crucial for understanding the carbon cycle-climate change feedback but remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrate the universal contro...
Nitrogen availability in the rhizosphere relies on root‐microorganism interactions, where root exudates trigger soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition through the rhizosphere priming effect (RPE). Though microbial necromass contribute significantly to organically bound soil nitrogen (N), the role of RPEs in regulating necromass recycling and plant...
The presence of biodegradable microplastics (MPs) has the potential to affect soil pH, and possibly accelerate or inhibit the loss of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in calcareous soils. However, most researchers have focused on the release of biotic carbon dioxide (CO 2) from soils following MP amendments, and few studies have investigated SIC-derived...
Over 70% of soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored at a depth greater than 20 cm belowground. A portion of this deep SOC actively cycles on annual to decadal timescales and is sensitive to global change. However, deep SOC responses to global change likely differ from surface SOC responses because biotic controls on SOC cycling become weaker as mineral...
Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is highly sensitive to external interference. However, little attention has been paid on how soil DOM characteristics in the dry period affect the warming response of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition in riparian ecosystems under flooding conditions. The temperature sensitivity (Q 10) of SOC decomposition w...
Soil ecosystems are under considerable pressure due to anthropogenic factors, including microplastics (MPs) pollution and drought. However, little is known about the interactive effects of MPs and drought on soil organisms, especially soil micro-food web. We conducted a microcosm experiment with MPs pollution (including two types and two sizes of M...
Microbial communities in soils are generally considered to be limited by carbon (C), which could be a crucial control for basic soil functions and responses of microbial heterotrophic metabolism to climate change. However, global soil microbial C limitation (MCL) has rarely been estimated and is poorly understood. Here, we predicted MCL, defined as...
Our knowledge on the responses of permafrost ecosystems to climate warming is critical for assessing the direction and magnitude of permafrost carbon‐climate feedback. However, most of the previous experiments have only been able to warm the air and surface soil, with limited effects on the permafrost temperature. Consequently, it remains challengi...
Microplastics (MPs) pollution is identified as an important new global change factor potentially influencing ecosystem functions and services. MPs have been shown to strongly affect soil biota. However, whether soil biota respond differently to biodegradable and conventional MPs, and the generalizable pattern of responses of soil biota to MPs size,...
We studied the effect of nitrogen and biochar on CO2 emission from SOC and SIC.
Nitrogen increased SIC-derived CO2 by 41% but decreased SOC-derived CO2 by 20%.
Biochar reduced total soil-derived CO2 by neutralizing nitrogen-induced acidity.
We proposed a method for 3- or 4-source partitioning CO2 emission from calcareous soils.
Biochar addition gen...
Global climate change is expected to increase the frequency of drought and heavy precipitation, which could create more frequent drying‐rewetting cycles (DWC) in the soils. Although the DWC effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition have been widely studied, the effect of DWC and the subsequent legacy effect on the decomposition of differen...
Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition in response to fresh plant residue inputs (i.e., the priming effect) represent an important biogeochemical process controlling soil C dynamics. However, the variations in priming induced by the addition of leaf and root residues with different chemical compositions among tree species and their pote...
Because of the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil-derived N uptake, N difference (FNRDiff) and ¹⁵ N tracer (FNR15N) methods may give significantly different estimates of the fertilizer N recovery (FNR) in crops. To better understand quantitative differences in FNR (∆FNR) between the two methods, we evaluated the effect of fertilizer N inp...
Phosphatases play a vital role in phosphorus (P) acquisition for both plant roots and soil microbes. However, how this P-acquisition strategy responds to exogenous nitrogen (N) and P input in tropical forests of different successional stages remains unclear. Using the 7-yr N and P addition experiment in two tropical montane forests under different...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) changes under future climate warming are difficult to quantify in situ. Here we apply an innovative approach combining space-for-time substitution with meta-analysis to SOC measurements in 113,013 soil profiles across the globe to estimate the effect of future climate warming on steady-state SOC stocks. We find that SOC st...
Plant residue input plays a vital role in cropland carbon (C) balance, which can be greatly affected by climate change. Our knowledge of the effect of plant residue on soil respiration is crucial for evaluating C exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems, but large uncertainties remain in the effect of plant input on the temperatur...
Forest soils contain a large amount of organic carbon and contribute to terrestrial carbon sequestration. However, we still have a poor understanding of what nutrients limit soil microbial metabolism that drives soil carbon release across the range of boreal to tropical forests. Here we used ecoenzymatic stoichiometry methods to investigate the pat...
Purpose
Grasslands are facing the threat of climate change and intensive land use. Soil respiration (Rs) in grassland ecosystems can be potentially altered by changes in precipitation and land use. We aimed to quantify the impact of changes in precipitation and common land use practices in an Inner Mongolia grassland, i.e., mowing and grazing, on s...
Phosphorus (P) limitation to microorganisms is increasingly recognized in soils, but how the limitation mediates the metabolic processes of microbes driving soil carbon (C) release remains unclear. Here, we performed a 60-day incubation experiment adding two 13 C-labeled organic C sources (glucose and straw) at five inorganic P addition levels in l...
Aims
Plant roots show various functional strategies in soil phosphorus (P) acquisition. Under limited soil phosphatase activity, P deficiency is the main concern, and roots either invest carbon (C) to produce higher levels of phosphatase or establish more symbioses with mycorrhizal fungi. However, these strategies and their interactions are not cle...
Purpose
Changes in precipitation amount and land use are expected to greatly impact soil respiration (Rs) of grasslands, but little is known about whether they can interactively impact Rs and how plant and soil microbial communities regulate the Rs response.
Methods
We investigated the impacts of altered precipitation amount (–50%, ambient and + 5...
Increasing phosphorus (P) inputs induced by anthropogenic activities have increased P availability in soils considerably, with dramatic effects on carbon (C) cycling and storage. However, the underlying mechanisms via which P drives plant and microbial regulation of soil organic C (SOC) formation and stabilization remain unclear, hampering the accu...
Plant residue input plays a vital role in cropland carbon (C) balance, which can be greatly affected by climate change. Our knowledge of the effect of plant residue on soil respiration is crucial for evaluating C exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems, but large uncertainties remain in the effect of plant input on the temperatur...
In calcareous soils, recent studies have shown that soil-derived CO2 originates from both soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) dissolution, a fact often ignored in earlier studies. This may lead to overestimation of the CO2 emissions from SOC decomposition. In calcareous soils, there is a chemical balance between...
We investigated the effects of warming on litter decomposition and the contribution of soil organisms (microbes vs. fauna) to it across the cold and warm seasons in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our results showed that (1) warming profoundly increased litter decomposition by ~ 35%, but this warming effect only occurred in coarse-...
The newly added exogenous organic matter may change the decomposition rate of native soil organic matter (SOM) by the priming effect (PE) and further impact the terrestrial carbon (C) balance. Earth system models have not yet considered the distinct responses of soil C pools with different stability and turnover rates to PE. We addressed this knowl...
Enhancing the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink (referred to as terrestrial C sink) is an important way to slow down the continuous increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and to achieve carbon neutrality target. To better understand the characteristics of terrestrial C sinks and their contribution to carbon neutrality, this revi...
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) enrichment play an important role in regulating soil N2O emission, but their interactive effect remains elusive (i.e. whether the effect of P or N enrichment on soil N2O emission varies between ambient and elevated soil N or P conditions). Here, we conducted a Bayesian meta-analysis across the global natural ecosyst...
Aims
This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of the priming effect (PE) induced by root exudates on soil carbon pools at different stages of decomposition.
Methods
The ¹³ C-labeled and unlabeled glucose, glycine and oxalic acid were added to soils of 15-year old-field (OF), 15-year bare-fallow (BF) and 23-year bare-fallow plus additional 815-da...
Background and aims
Priming effect (PE) plays an important role in modifying the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), but large uncertainties remain in the temperature effect on PE mainly due to the variation in SOM stability.
Methods
We tested the temperature effect on PE of the relatively stabilized SOM by incubating soils collected from...
Aim
An important research question in ecology is how climate and the biodiversity of aboveground plants and belowground microbiomes affect ecosystem functions such as nutrient pools. However, little is studied on the concurrent role of above- and belowground species composition in shaping the spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem functions acr...
Climate change may significantly increase drying-wetting cycles (DWC) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the effects of DWC on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) remain elusive. Therefore, we used a meta-analysis including 187 observations to clarify the effects of DWC on soil MBC and DOC. The results showed tha...
Nitrogen (N) deposition poses a threat to terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem functioning globally. However, little is known concerning how the structure and function of litter fauna communities will respond in this context. Here, a gradient of N deposition (0, 20, and 40 kg N ha−1 yr−1) was simulated in a subtropical forest of southwestern Chin...
Purpose: Changes in precipitation amount and land use are expected to greatly impact soil respiration (Rs) of grassland ecosystems. However, little is known about whether they can interactively impact Rs and how plant and soil microbial communities regulate the response of Rs.
Methods: Here, we investigated the impacts of altered precipitation amo...
Global climate change is expected to increase the frequency of drought and heavy precipitation, which could create more frequent drying-rewetting cycles (DWC) in the soils. Although DWC effects on SOC decomposition has been widely studied, the effect of DWC and the subsequent legacy effect on the decomposition of different SOC pools is still unclea...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in soil nitrogen cycling. However, the effect of AMF on soil N2O emission and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we conducted a Bayesian meta-analysis to determine whether AMF has an N2O mitigation potential and what are the potential mechanisms. We found that AMF significantly...
Plants can be classified as either resource-acquisitive or resource-conservative strategies based on their root traits. Compared with conservative trees, acquisitive trees produce larger amounts of readily decomposable carbon, owing to their high specific root length and low root C:N ratio, which could reduce the content and stability of soil organ...
Global increases in nitrogen (N) deposition influence the belowground allocation of plant photosynthates and the formation of roots and rhizosphere-associated symbionts as well as soil nutrient availability, thereby affecting the nutrient acquisition by trees. Trees obtain nutrients primarily through fine root growth or mycorrhizal symbioses. These...
Priming plays an important role in modifying the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), but there are large uncertainties in the temperature effect on priming mainly due to the variation in SOM stability. Long-term bare fallow offers a unique opportunity to isolate the relatively stabilized SOM pool and study its properties. We tested the temp...
Although phosphorus (P) addition and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization have potential for mitigating soil N2O emission, the effects and mechanisms remain unresolved. We conducted a pot experiment with ryegrass (Lolium perenne) growing in a growth chamber for 80 days with three factors: Plant and AMF presence (unplanted, with plants,...
Rhizosphere effects play crucial roles in determining soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, the rhizosphere effect on soil gross nitrogen (N) mineralization (Nmin) has not been quantitatively assessed on the global scale. Here we performed a meta-analysis of compiled data from 24 publications and 37 species to synthesize the rhizospher...
Plant residue inputs play a crucial role in regulating soil carbon (C) stock and nitrogen (N) availability in cropland. However, little is known regarding how plant inputs mediate the relationships between soil C and net N mineralization, causing additional uncertainty in predicting ecosystem C and N dynamics. This study investigated the influences...
In carbonate-rich soils with plants, CO2 emissions from the rhizosphere may come from as many as three sources, that is, root-derived respiration, decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC), and dissolution of soil inorganic carbon (SIC), so partitioning of CO2 emissions by source is important to accurately quantify the rhizosphere effect (RE). Bec...
Priming plays important roles in terrestrial carbon cycling, but the patterns and drivers of priming and its responses to nutrient addition in tropical forests remain unclear. By collecting soils along a tropical forest elevation gradient, we conducted an incubation experiment with ¹³C‐labeled glucose and nutrient (N and/or P) additions. Results sh...
Tree roots and their associated microbes can significantly influence soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, i.e., the rhizosphere priming effect. This effect is expected to be greater in trees associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which produce higher extracellular enzymes especially surrounding hyphae, than in trees associated with...
Background and aims
Changes of soil organic matter (SOM) stability in alpine ecosystems can alter carbon release from the soil and consequently feed back to climate change. We sought to explore the altitudinal patterns of SOM stability and their relationships with climatic, vegetational and edaphic factors.
Methods
We combined a number of biologic...
Background and aims
Long-term nitrogen (N) addition can affect soil organic carbon (SOC) pool within different soil fractions with different turnover rates. However, the mechanisms of these effects, particularly in alpine grassland ecosystems, are not clear.
Methods
We studied the responses of SOC content in different soil fractions to N addition...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play important roles in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. The impact of increasing N deposition on AM fungi will inevitably affect ecosystem processes. However, generalizable patterns of how N deposition affects AM fungi remains poorly understood. Here we conducted a glo...
From recent developments on how roots affect soil organic carbon (SOC) an apparent paradox has emerged where roots drive SOC stabilization causing SOC accrual, but also SOC destabilization causing SOC loss. We synthesize current results and propose the new Rhizo‐Engine framework consisting of two linked components: microbial turnover and the soil p...
Woody plant roots can be classified into absorptive roots and transport roots based on root functions, order and traits. While there is an emerging view that living roots actively affect soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition via the rhizosphere priming effect (RPE), the linkages of the RPE with C allocation to absorptive roots (relative to total...
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has a significant influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in forest ecosystems. Microbial residues, as by-products of microbial anabolism, account for a significant fraction of soil C pools. However, how N deposition affects the accumulation of soil microbial residues in different forest biomes remain...
Understanding plant roots induced changes in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, the rhizosphere effect, is critical to predict soil carbon and nutrient cycling within and across biomes. Root functional traits are proposed to regulate the rhizosphere effect. We measured the rhizosphere effect on SOM decomposition by incubating rhizosphere and...
Root exudation stimulates microbial decomposition and enhances nutrient availability to plants. It remains difficult to measure and predict this carbon flux in natural conditions, especially for mature woody plants. Based on a known conceptual framework of root functional traits coordination, we proposed that root functional traits may predict root...
Anthropogenic activities and atmospheric deposition have increased the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs to terrestrial ecosystems, which can significantly alter ecosystem carbon cycling. To better understand the mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) responding to nutrient fertilization, we measured physical fractions (by particle-size fract...
Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has substantially affected carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. However, the responses of different soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions with different turnover rates to N addition are highly divergent, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we explored the respons...
Primary forest conversion is a worldwide serious problem associated with human disturbance and climate change. Land use change from primary forest to plantation, grassland or agricultural land may lead to profound alteration in the emission of soil greenhouse gases (GHG). Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis concerning the effects of primary f...
Drying-rewetting cycles (DWC) is an important climate change factor in this century. The rewetting of dry soil stimulates carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere, which is called the Birch effect. Although a large number of studies have been conducted to quantify the effect of DWC on cumulative soil respiration (CSR), their results are often co...
Although tropical forest soils contributed substantially global soil methane uptake, observations on soil methane fluxes in tropical forests are still sparse, especially in Southeast Asia, leading to large uncertainty in the estimation of global soil methane uptake. Here, we conducted two-year (from Sep, 2016 to Sep, 2018) measurements of soil meth...
The modification of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition by plant carbon (C) input (priming effect) represents a critical biogeochemical process that controls soil C dynamics. However, the patterns and drivers of the priming effect remain hidden, especially over broad geographic scales under various climate and soil conditions. By combining syst...
Background and aims
Human activities have significantly increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) inputs to terrestrial ecosystems. However, the impact of N and P enrichment on soil microbial community structure and functioning in temperate and alpine grassland ecosystems remains unclear.
Methods
In this study, we investigated the responses of so...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an indicator of soil fertility. Global warming accelerates SOC decomposition, consequently, resulting in land degradation. Characterization of the response of SOC decomposition to temperature is important for predicting land development. A simulation model based on temperature sensitivity (Q10) of SOC decomposition has...
Information on the homogeneity and distribution of ¹³ carbon ( ¹³ C) and nitrogen ( ¹⁵ N) labeling in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is limited. We conducted a dual labeling experiment to evaluate the variability of ¹³ C and ¹⁵ N enrichment in aboveground parts of labeled winter wheat plants. Labeling with ¹³ C and ¹⁵ N was performed on non-n...
Understanding rhizodeposited carbon (C) dynamics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important for improving soil fertility and increasing soil C stocks. However, the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization on photosynthate C allocation to rhizodeposition of wheat grown in an intensively farmed alkaline soil remain elusive. In this study, pot‐g...
Rhizosphere respiration (from roots and rhizosphere microbes utilizing root-derived carbon (C)) is a significant component of soil respiration, and rhizosphere priming effect (RPE, change in soil C decomposition by the presence of living roots in the rhizosphere) is crucial for regulating soil C decomposition. However, the relationships between rhi...
Background and aims
Under the scenario of global change, continuous ¹³C-enriched CO2 labeling is a powerful tool for evaluating the interaction between plants and soil, especially the influence of elevated CO2 on the input of plant-derived C (new C) into soil in the short term. However, the methodological validity concerning the acquisition of isot...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition can potentially feedback to climate change. However, the biotic, abiotic and inherent factors controlling the stability of soil carbon, and changes in these factors with soil depth, remain poorly understood. In this study, we combined a number of complementary methods to quantify the biological, thermal, chem...
Increasing phosphorus (P)deposition induced by anthropogenic activities has increased the availability of P, and thus could affect ecosystem carbon cycling. Although soil respiration (R s )plays a crucial role in driving the global carbon cycle and regulating climate warming, a general pattern reflecting the R s response to P addition in terrestria...
The associations between electron shuttling of in situ organic matter and its microbial accessibility in natural soils remain elusive. In this study, through combining soil physical fractionation with incubation experiments, we show that the in situ solid-phase organic matter in soils is a heterogeneous pool with varied electron shuttling capacitie...
Rhizosphere respiration (Rroot) and rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) are crucial for regulating soil carbon dynamics. However, their responses to light intensity are not fully resolved. We investigated Rroot and RPE of soybean and sunflower using a continuous isotope-labeling technique. The two species were subjected to five levels of light intensi...
Even though over half of the world's soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored in subsoils (> 20 cm deep), and the old ages of subsoil OC indicate its cycling differs from surface SOC, there are few studies examining in situ decomposition processes in deep soils. Here, we added 13C-labeled fine roots to 15, 55, and 95 cm depths of a well characterized co...
Soil respiration (Rs), a key process in the terrestrial carbon
cycle, is very sensitive to climate change. In this study, we synthesized 54
measurements of annual Rs and 171 estimates of Q10 value
(the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration) in grasslands across China.
We quantitatively analyzed their spatial patterns and controlling factors i...
The crucial biogeochemical processes such as carbon and nutrient cycling are increasingly altered at the ecosystem scale by global environmental changes. Although soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) play a critical role in biogeochemical processes, the global patterns of soil EEAs in a changing world remain elusive. Here, we synthesized eig...
Significance
Climate change is altering the structure and function of high-elevation ecosystems. Combining long-term observations with manipulative experiments is a powerful, yet rarely used way to test the sensitivity of such ecosystems to climatic change. Here, experimental evidence and meta-analysis confirm long-term observations that demonstrat...
Rhizosphere priming effects (RPEs) play a central role in modifying soil organic matter mineralization. However, effects of tree species and intraspecific competition on RPEs are poorly understood.
We investigated RPEs of three tree species (larch, ash and Chinese fir) and the impact of intraspecific competition of these species on the RPE by growi...
Soil respiration (Rs), a key process in the terrestrial carbon cycle, is very sensitive to climate change. In this study, we synthesized 54 measurements of annual Rs and 171 estimates of Q10 value (the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration) in grasslands across China. We quantitatively analyzed their spatial patterns and controlling factors i...
The breakdown and decomposition of plant inputs are critical for nutrient cycling, soil development, and climate-ecosystem feedbacks, but uncertainties persist in how the rates and products of litter decomposition are affected by soil temperature, rhizosphere, and depth of input. We investigated the effects of soil warming (+ 4 °C), rhizosphere, an...
The heterogeneous responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition in different soil fractions to nitrogen (N) addition remain elusive. In this study, turnover rates of SOC in different aggregate fractions were quantified based on changes in δ¹³C following the conversion of C3 to C4 vegetation in a temperate agroecosystem. The turnover of both...
Reactive nitrogen (N) increase in the biosphere has been a
noteworthy aspect of global change, producing considerable ecological effects
on the functioning and dynamics of the terrestrial ecosystems. A number of
observational studies have explored responses of plants to experimentally
simulated N enrichment in boreal and temperate forests. Here we...
Plant debris, including woody debris and litter, is an essential but frequently overlooked component of carbon (C) storage in forest ecosystems. Here, we examined the C storage of plant debris and its contribution to total ecosystem C storage in an age sequence of six larch (Larix gmelinii) forest stands (15, 36, 45, 54, 65, and 138 years old) in n...
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been a noteworthy aspect of global change. Previous observational studies in temperate and tropical forests have focused on the effects of N deposition on tree growth. Here we asked how trees and other plant growth forms respond to experimental N deposition in a subtropical forest in China. We conducted a fou...
Soils in the alpine grassland store a large amount of nitrogen (N) due to slow decomposition. However, the decomposition could be affected by climate change, which has profound impacts on soil N cycling. We investigated the changes of soil total N and five labile N stocks in the topsoil, the subsoil and the entire soil profile in response to three...
Citations
... Although the main factors influencing the Q 10 of SOC remain uncertain, the soil carbon energy state [51] and SOC quality [2] are often recognized as key factors. Recently, Zhang et al. (2024) [52] demonstrated that the interaction between SOC quality and carbon availability universally impacts Q 10 . Specifically, when carbon availability is not limited, SOC quality determines the sensitivity, with more recalcitrant SOC exhibiting a higher Q 10 . ...
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... Different from topsoil, subsoil is not exposed to human disturbance. Some studies showed that the subsoil C dynamic was more related to climate than management (Hicks Pries et al., 2023;Zosso et al., 2023). The different changes in topsoil and subsoil C stocks in our study emphasize the importance of exploring subsoils to better understand soil C sequestration capability. ...
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... Reservoirs and lakes exhibited a higher degree of humification, possibly attributable to their lower mobility and more straightforward static enrichment [28]. On the contrary, the biological index (BIX) showed the highest content in groundwater (K-W test, p < 0.01), and specific sites registered values surpassing 1, indicating a higher autogenetic component in groundwater [42]. In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between the HIX and BIX (R 2 = −0.663, ...
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... The 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms was done by Majorbio Bio-pharm Technology Co. (Shanghai, China). The primers 338 F and 806 R were used to amplify the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16 S rRNA gene [35]. Afterwards, the products obtained after PCR amplification were subjected to high-throughput sequencing via the Illumina MiSeq platform. ...
... Different microbial functional groups might have similar abilities to produce these enzymes (Carrara et al., 2021;Chen and Sinsabaugh, 2021;Moore et al., 2021), albeit energy costs might be different among different microbial groups depending on substrate quality and availability (Dungait et al., 2012;Karhu et al., 2014;Li et al., 2021;Trivedi et al., 2013). Another reason might be that SOC mineralization in the studied soils was not limited by carbon substrates (Cui et al., 2023) but by abiotic factors such as soil pH and organo-mineral interaction which largely determine the accessibility of SOC to microbial mineralization (Birge et al., 2015;Schmidt et al., 2011), and these factors would be reflected by the composition of microbial community in fresh soil. It is likely that the variance of SOC quantity and quality along the altitudinal gradient determines microbial community and carbon use strategy (Mao et al., 2022;Zeng et al., 2022). ...
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... Nevertheless, most warming experiments cannot heat permafrost on the plateau (Chang et al., 2021;Ding et al., 2019a;Li et al., 2020;Zhang et al., 2017). Considering that techniques that can effectively warm deep soils are rudimentary compared with surface soils , whole-ecosystem warming experiment is highly needed to explore potential effects of permafrost thaw on ecosystem C cycle (Bai et al., 2023). Meanwhile, novel techniques, such as metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing and quantitative stable isotope probing (Hultman et al., 2015;Jansson and Taş, 2014;Mackelprang et al., 2016), are required to identify the unique features of permafrost microbes and their responses to permafrost thaw (Sokol et al., 2022). ...
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... The polymer used in this study was a self-synthesized poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate) using 13 C-labeled monomers. Zhang et al. (2023a) distinguished the carbon source of CO 2 based on the distinct δ 13 C values of poly-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and PLA from the soils. The observed priming effects across farmland soils were 552% − 1744% for PHA, 44% − 179% for PBS, and − 29% − 43% for PLA. ...
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... Despite the differences related to the plant genotype and environmental factors, similarities in rhizomicrobiota composition and the presence of shared taxa selected from the surrounding bulk soil can be observed for all plants. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia are the main bacterial phyla generally found in the rhizosphere, whereas Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are among the dominant fungal groups [92,94,[99][100][101][102]. Recent work on an intercontinental scale and based on comparisons between microbial communities of the rhizosphere and bulk soils revealed that some bacterial groups, including Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, were consistently enriched in the rhizosphere, whereas other phyla (such as Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae) were significantly less abundant in rhizosphere soils than in root-free soils [103]. ...
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... It is estimated that the average environmental residence time of carbon in biochar can reach 90À1600 years (Singh et al., 2012). In fact, however, when biochar is added to the soil, some organic and inorganic carbon will be released from the biochar, resulting in a certain carbon loss, which may affect the global C cycle (Sun et al., 2023;Jones et al., 2020). In the environment, biochar can migrate in the soil in the form of particles (colloids) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), resulting in carbon losses (Debaene et al., 2022;Lian and Xiang, 2017). ...
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... 土壤动物是根际生物的重要组成部分, 是根际 环境中物质循环及能量流动的媒介. 其中, 蚯蚓和线 虫是根系生态功能的主要贡献者, 也是评价土壤健 康水平的重要指标之一 [63,156] . 因此, 本文基于蚯蚓 和线虫这两类典型的土壤动物论述了 PECs 对两者的 影响机制及其介导下的 PECs 根际赋存(图 3). ...
Reference: 颗粒态新污染物的根际赋存
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