BN CUTHBERT's research while affiliated with University of Florida and other places
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Publications (8)
We tested the hypothesis that the response mobilization that normally accompanies imagery of emotional situations is deficient in psychopaths. Cardiac, electrodermal, and facial muscle responses of 54 prisoners, assigned to low- and high-psychopathy groups using R. D. Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, were recorded while subjects imagine...
Thirty-eight anxiety patients participated in a study of diagnostic differences in the psychophysiology of emotional imagery. Tape-recorded scripts based on phobic memories as well as other personal and standardized control scripts were used to prompt imaginal experience. Phobic imagery produced significantly larger heart rate and skin conductance...
Citations
... In questi esperimenti veniva chiesto ai soggetti di immaginare delle situazioni caratterizzate da una valenza affettiva positiva e da una valenza affettiva negativa. I risultati ottenuti in questi esperimenti non concordano tuttavia con il pattern classico, caratteristico della modulazione affettiva: ciò che spesso è stato trovato, infatti, è che sia nel caso dell'immaginazione di una situazione positiva sia nel caso dell'immaginazione di una situazione negativa vi era potenziamento della risposta di startle (Bradley, Cuthbert, & Lang, 1995). Sembrerebbe infatti che la risposta durante i compiti di immaginazione sia modificata soprattutto dal grado di arousal associato alla situazione immaginata. ...
... This perspective may clarify the mechanism underlying abnormal startle modulation by pleasant stimuli in neglected individuals. Both animal and human models of frustrative nonreward have found that food deprived individuals show marked startle potentiation while viewing food cues (Drobes, Hillman, Bradley, Cuthbert, & Lang, 1995;Wagner, 1963). Lang and colleagues (1997) generalized these findings, proposing that subsequent to restriction or deprivation of appetitive resources, presentation of pleasant stimuli becomes a frustrative non-rewarding condition, thus resulting in startle potentiation. ...
... In the present study, imagery responses were systematically compared to standard fear situations which are known to elicit defensive mobilization (Lang et al., 1980;Cuthbert et al., 2003;McTeague et al., 2010). In accordance with well-established script-driven mental imagery tasks (Lang et al., 1980;Cook et al., 1988;Cuthbert et al., 2003;McTeague et al., 2009;Gruszka et al., 2018), neutral scripts were included as a non-aversive control condition. We assessed verbal indicators of defensive activation during imagery including hedonic valence as well as arousal, experienced anxiety, and the tendency to avoid imagery. ...
... In other words, deficient fear is the problem. Psychopaths famously show deficient aversive conditioning (Aniskiewicz, 1979;Hare, 1965;Patrick, Cuthbert, and Lang, 1994) and passive avoidance learning (Lykken, 1957;Newman & Kosson, 1986), problems with extinction of learned responses (Newman, Patterson, and Kosson 1987) and reversal learning (Budhani, Ritchell, and Blair, 2006). Adolescents with psychopathic tendencies report experiencing fear less often, and recall those incidents as less associated with sympathetic responses, such as breathing changes, than do controls (Marsh et al., 2011). ...
Reference: The Oxford Handbook of Moral Psychology
... A short picture rating task (see "Methods") was administered to 4019 (3476 following data exclusion) de-identified participants in December 2021. Participants rated 48 unique color images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) 68,69 on a scale of −3 (dislike very much) to +3 (like very much). Anxiety scores were derived from the state component of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire 70 , a validated anxiety questionnaire. ...
