B. Warburton's research while affiliated with Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research and other places

... Sharp and Saunders (2011) developed an approach, based on the Five Domains model Mellor et al. 2020), to seek expert opinions to assess the relative humaneness of pest animal control methods. The Sharp and Saunders welfare assessment model provides a framework to promote systematic and comprehensive consideration of impacts on the welfare of a subject animal or animals (Beausoleil et al. 2016. Application of the model following a clearly articulated process (Hampton et al. 2023) by a diverse group of experts can be used to develop a defensible consensus outcome regarding the relative welfare impacts of various methods or procedures, which should increase acceptance of the outcome (Baker et al. 2016). ...

... Local communities in urban areas have detailed knowledge of the impacts of invasive species on biodiversity, their local environment and their values and perceptions of their local environment . To establish approaches to the management and restoration of invaded urban landscapes, engaging with local communities -along with experts in both restoration and invasion ecology, but led by local knowledge and those who continue to live in those landscape -provides innovative approaches and frameworks to manage and restore urban landscapes degraded by invasive species (Fisher, 2011;Fisher, 2016;Gaertner et al., 2012) . Local communities understand the importance of managing the landscape and the ecosystem as a whole . ...

... Welfare impacts can therefore be minimised by reducing the number of animals affected and by opting for actions with the least impact. Problems of animal welfare are likely to be lessened by acting early before the population whose members will be affected has either grown or declined problematically [19] (Cowan and Warburton 2011). Further, Hampton, Fisher, and Warburton [20] (2020) caution that the terms humane and inhumane are prone to disingenuous use, for example, to deflect public scrutiny or imply discredit. ...

... Many countries like USA and Spain depend on the samples from hunter harvested deer to check for wTB infection (Santos et al. 2015;VerCauteren et al. 2018). In countries like England, feral badgers are captured using steel straps and tests are administered to them while in New Zealand, feral brushtail possums and ferrets are captured and tested (Warburton and Livingstone 2015;Buzdugan et al. 2016). In Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park South Africa, African buffaloes are captured and wTB tests are administered (Clarke et al. 2022). ...

... The observation component of the model follows the structure of closed population capturerecapture models using existing trapping data, whereby the sampling process generating observations on the size of the population is explicitly modelled. The description below gives a brief description of our approach which is slightly modified from that given in Forsyth et al., (2003). (The computer code with comments explaining each step of our statistical analyses is available from SNH on request). ...

... Since about 1996 vertebrate pest control operations, especially those carried out as part of TB management, have been implemented through a competitive contract system (Warburton and Cowan 2008). TBfree New Zealand (the predominant contracting agent) typically publicises a range of control operations for competitive tender. ...

... At each site, we attached a single camera trap in the upright position to either a fence post or tree at a height between 40 and 50 cm, facing a path or trail to improve the detection of passing animals (Welbourne, 2013;Meek et al., 2014b). We positioned camera traps facing southwards to avoid excessive exposure to direct sunlight, which causes false triggers and poor image quality (Glen et al., 2014). At some sites, we placed camera traps at an angle of 45° to the trail, rather than perpendicularly, which allowed the camera a better view of a longer section of the trail (Wearn and Glover, 2017). ...

... Immuno-contraceptive research targeting antigens on the sperm or egg was discontinued in Australia due to the slow progress being made, but in 2006, a contraceptive vaccine for New Zealand possums was considered to be only 3-4 years away (J.A Duckworth Personal communication, cited by Coleman and Forsyth 2007). ...

... Approaches should seek to minimise negative impacts and be subject to continual improvement ). Here, we used an established (Cowan et al. 2013;Beausoleil et al. 2016;Baker et al. 2022) welfare assessment model (Sharp & Saunders 2011) to systematically assess the relative impacts of two methods of blood sampling a live badger in the field. The outcomes clearly demonstrated that both methods have negative impacts on badger welfare. ...

... Many examples of this form of killing involve killing predators to alleviate their impacts on prey. Additional examples include killing common herbivores to alleviate competition with threatened herbivores (Sharp et al. 1999) or killing herbivores to reduce their impacts on This type of animal killing may be a necessary (Fleming and Ballard 2019), temporary solution when abundant vertebrates pose an immediate threat to the survival of a rare species (Goodrich and Buskirk 1995) given that killing relatively few animals in the short term can reduce the overall numbers of animals killed in the long term (Warburton et al. 2012; Allen and Hampton 2020). However, the repeated killing of common animals to save endangered ones may produce several adverse outcomes, including the high cost of population control, ecosystem changes that favour increases of other harmful species, or increases of diseases harmful to the endangered species (Goodrich and Buskirk 1995). ...