Arnold B. Scheibel's research while affiliated with University of California, Los Angeles and other places

... To date, many reviews have been published on the evolution, structure, and functional organization of the sense organs in general (Slifer, 1961;Bate, 1978;Ivanov, 2000;Merritt, 2006) and individual modalities: vision (Horridge, 1975;Snyder and Menzel, 1975;Autrum et al., 1979;Stavenga and Hardie, 1989;Eguchi and Tominaga, 1999), olfaction (Amoore et al., 1971;Hansson, 1999;Hansson and Stensmyr, 2011), hearing (Zhantiev, 1977b(Zhantiev, , 1981Michelsen and Larsen, 1985), chemo-and mechanoreception (Wigglesworth, 1972;Keil and Steinbrecht, 1984;McIver, 1985;Ryan, 2002), thermo-and hygroreception (Altner and Prillinger, 1980;Altner and Loftus, 1985), and chordotonal organs (Field and Matheson, 1998;Yack, 2004); only some of the publications are listed above. ...

... PROMINENT among the age-related neurobiological changes reported in man are the memory and cognitive deficits of senescence [3,5,55], the substantial changes in sleep patterns [12,24,43], decline in cerebral metabolic rate and cerebral blood flow [31,39], and the decline in neuronal population and morphological changes that accompany advanced age [7,48]. In general, it has been observed that these neurobiologic changes tend to be more pronounced in dementia patients (dementia as used here refers to a chronic global deterioration of intellectual function and personality acquired in later life due to unspecified causes) and those suffering from organic brain syndrome (organic brain syndrome refers to disorders arising secondary to lost or damaged brain tissue of any type (focal or diffuse) [12,36,37,41]. ...

... These large neurons of the cortex are projection neurons; they have extensive and complex dendritic trees and long axons. The largest neurons in the human and rhesus macaque cortex are the Betz cells in the primary motor cortex, which have long axons, like other layer V neurons (Scheibel and Scheibel, 1978). Betz cells have the largest nucleus and nucleolus with almost imperceptible grains of heterochromatin ( Figure 1A, long arrow). ...

... For example, the cingulum correlated with psychiatric symptom severity (20.29%), memory (14.49%) and language measures (10.14%). Such results could support the idea of a hierarchical brain organization with some tracts involved in mediating many functions, whereas others are more specific, although this requires dedicated study (Pandya and Yeterian, 1990). While the number of associations is likely to be biased by a number of factors including prior hypotheses that a given tract is involved in a specific function, a complementary study has recently mapped 590 cognitive functions, as defined by a meta-analysis of BOLD activation derived from fMRI paradigms, onto an extensive white matter atlas (Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2020). ...

... Scale bar, 1 mm. IGF-I mRNA is highly abundant in somatosensory thalamic nuclei during the period in which specialized dendritic appendages are formed and shaped into the complex intrinsic synaptic circuitry that is characteristic of the somatosensory thalamus (Scheibel and Scheibel, 1978). Morphological maturation and IGF-I gene expression (Fig. 3) are seen somewhat earlier in the central (intralaminar and gelatinosa) thalamic nuclei than in the ventrobasal complex. ...

... The dichromate–silver variant of the Rapid Golgi staining technique was the method of choice with an unknown degree of selectivity in staining cells throughout the tectum (Scheibel and Scheibel, 1978). Animals (N = 23) were heavily anesthetized with MS-222 (tricaine methane-sulfonate, Sigma, A-5040) prior to all surgical procedures. ...

... The results indicate that sleep and EEG variables discriminate well for early, mild SDAT in minimally depressed aged individuals. Sleep EEG Mental function Alzheimer's dementia Depression PROMINENT among the age-related neurobiological changes reported in man are the memory and cognitive deficits of senescence [3, 5, 55], the substantial changes in sleep patterns [12, 24, 43], decline in cerebral metabolic rate and cerebral blood flow [31,39], and the decline in neuronal population and morphological changes that accompany advanced age [7,48]. In general, it has been observed that these neurobiologic changes tend to be more pronounced in dementia patients (dementia as used here refers to a chronic global deterioration of intellectual function and personality acquired in later life due to unspecified causes) and those suffering from organic brain syndrome (organic brain syndrome refers to disorders arising secondary to lost or damaged brain tissue of any type (focal or diffuse) [12, 36, 37, 41]. ...

... Post-mortem reports from patients with epilepsy showed decreased dendritic branching complexity, fewer branches, as well as decreased spine density and dendritic swelling in layer III cortical pyramidal neurons [16]. Dendritic varicosities and loss of dendritic spines have been observed in the hippocampus of these patients [17]. Perinatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury can result in long-term neurologic defects or death of the new-born (reviewed in [18]). ...

... As in our chronic brain hypoperfusion rat model, when the severity of the carotid lesion in humans increases, cerebral hemodynamic status deteriorates [61]. Other risk factors, such as diabetes [79], cardiovascular disease [73,110,111,], mitral valve prolapse [112,], cigarette smoking [73] [80], changes in brain microvessels [12] [31] [56] [71] [74] [95] [100], stroke [89], and vascular disorders [104 – 106] were also found associated with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (Table 1). Two general statements can be made about the Rotterdam study: 1. ...

... 36 Additionally, individual motor neurons within the spinal cord and medulla are interlinked to one another by cell bridges and extensive overlapping dendritic matrices. 221,267 Dendritic bundles link motor neurons at the correct positions to act as repositories for central pattern generation of motor programs. 221 Dendritic bundles suggest, but of course they do not prove, that junctions exist between global neurons. ...