Anne K. Goplen's research while affiliated with Oslo University Hospital and other places

... T. gondii infection after birth can have an asymptomatic course or it can affect other organs including the eyes causing fever and lymphadenopathy (115)(116)(117)(118). The virulence of the disease varies depending on the individual's genetic characteristics, susceptibility, and the strain of the parasite (119). ...

... PCNSL accounts for 1%-2% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and most of the cases (over 90%) are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (2,3). Immunocompromised individuals, such as HIV-infected or immunosuppressive patients, are deemed to have a higher risk of developing PCNSL (4,5). PCNSL was historically associated with poor prognosis, with an overall survival (OS) of 1.5 months if the patient did not receive proper treatment. ...

... HIV patients in the UCSD cohort who had failed cART showed even more signs of encephalitis and severe leukoencephalopathy (Langford et al. 2003b). Another autopsy cohort from a population in Oslo, Norway, has found that HIV-induced brain lesions increased with lengthened survival times (Maehlen et al. 1995). Interestingly, this study noted that antiretroviral treatment, particularly ZDV/AZT, reduced the incidence of brain lesions but only if continued until death; those who discontinued use presented an increase in HIVE. ...

... Vi har tidligere også vist at det hos hivpasienter er økt forekomst av maligne sykdommer som ikke er inkludert i aidsdefinisjonen (18). Det har vaert diskutert om moderne behandling kan ha mindre effekt når det gjelder å unngå malign aidsdefinerende sykdom (7)(8)(9). ...

... Two autopsy studies from India on AIDS patients have also not documented even a single PCNSL case, (Lanjewar et al., 1998;Satishchandra et al., 2000) although autopsy studies in the west have demonstrated that PCNSL occurs frequently (12-40%) in patients with AIDS (Loureiro et al., 1988;Goplen et al., 1997). These facts appear paradoxical because HIV prevalence is quite high in India. ...

... Transmission can also occur from the mother to the child causing severe congenital toxoplasmosis with various malformations and late onset ocular lesions. The risk of maternal-fetal transmission of congenital toxoplasmosis increases with the age of pregnancy at the time of maternal infection, Toxoplasma gondii infection is responsible for severe encephalitis in nearly 40% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and causes the death of about a third of these patients [8]. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common congenital infections in the world [9]. ...

... Of seven epigenetic studies analyzing post-mortem brain tissues of HIV + individuals, only four specifically addressed HAND (Yelamanchili et al., 2010;Zhou et al., 2012;Levine et al., 2016;Xu et al., 2017) (part of Table 3). Of 40 genetic studies testing association of candidate genes with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric problems or HAND, only eight specifically stated that they analyzed brain tissues (Dunlop et al., 1997;Sato-Matsumura et al., 1998;Boven et al., 1999;Quasney et al., 2001;Cutler et al., 2004;Diaz-Arrastia et al., 2004;Levine et al., 2009;Soontornniyomkij et al., 2012) while most used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whole blood or other tissues (Table 4). Four genome-wide association studies have addressed HAND but only three specified the cell types used, which were PBMC or whole blood (Levine et al., 2012a;van Manen et al., 2012;Jia et al., 2017;Hulgan et al., 2019) (Table 4). ...

... Supporting this possibility, recent studies have shown that levels Trophic factors, immunity, and viral infection of CNS D Langford and E Masliah 633 of FGF are increased in HIVE patients with preserved neuronal architecture and that this trophic factor protects primary cultured neurons from the neurotoxic effects of HIV gp120 (Everall et al, 2001) (Figure 7). Moreover, in patients with KS, high levels of FGF2 (Faris et al, 1998) produced by the tumor are associated with a decreased risk for neuronal degeneration and neurological impairment (Liestael et al, 1998). In contrast, neurodegeneration in patients with HIV is associated with low levels of FGF1 expression (Everall et al, 2001) (Figure 7). ...

... Significant scientific evidence has shown that APOE4 could able to aggravate more neurodegeneration, tau pathology and inflammation [85][86][87]. Liestøl et al., 2000 have observed that genotypes of APOE4 increases the risk of cancer in patients with immunodeficiency. Interestingly, 24.6% of APOE4 alleles have been found in variant cancer cases where 13.5% were found in noncancerous cases [88]. ...

... Similarly, in a combined group of schizophrenics and controls the CMV-infected subjects performed worse than those uninfected as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 13 . Goplen et al. 14 conclude that CMV can act as a cause or an important cofactor of dementia symptoms in AIDS patients. Moreover, Lin et al. 62 found much higher percentage of CMV DNA in brains of individuals with vascular dementia compared to controls in an elderly sample. ...