Peter Scarlett's research while affiliated with UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and other places

... It is well known that light and flow regimes control the metabolism of rivers (Bernhardt et al., 2022), so the peak during high temperature and residence times is to be expected and suggests another limiting factor before 1990 (e.g., high light attenuation from suspended sediments delivered by WWTP effluents). In terms of the overall productivity of the Elbe, GPP peaks are similar to those reported in other large rivers, such as the Seine and Thames (Escoffier et al., 2018;Pathak et al., 2022). ...

... These data were collected as part of the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme field measurement programme in Wales Wood et al., 2021). In total, 300 individual 1 km squares were randomly selected from within land classification strata in proportion to their extent across Wales in order to be representative of the range of habitat types across Wales or targeted to areas with high potential for agri-environment scheme uptake (Wood et al., 2021). ...

... The performance and outcomes of biodiversity surveys have been examined within several studies with a particular focus on the comparative effectiveness of morphology and DNA-based approaches of specific taxonomic groups highlighting discrepancies that may arise in the application of these methods [70][71][72][73][74][75][76]. In addition, single primer pairs or combinations of primer pairs sequencing the same or different regions have been used within metabarcoding studies targeting different taxa [77][78][79][80][81]. ...

... Air temperature (Ta;°C) and relative humidity (RH; %) were measured with an HMP155 temperature and humidity probe (Vaisala BV, n.d., Finland). At MS, soil temperature (Tsoil;°C) and soil moisture (%) were measured using TEROS 11 temperature and moisture probes (METER Group Inc, n.d.) at a depth of 5 cm, soil heat flux (G; W m −2 ) was measured using HFP01-SC heat flux plates (Hukesflux, 2023, Netherlands) at a depth of 5 cm, and precipitation (mm) was measured at a nearby COSMOS-UK weather station with an OTT Pluvio 2 rain gauge (OTT HydroMet, 2019, USA; Cooper et al., 2021). At PS, G was measured using HFP01-L heat flux plates (Hukesflux, Netherlands in Campbell Scientific, n.d., USA), Ta and Tsoil were measured using TDT soil water content sensors (Acclima, n.d., USA) at a depth of 5, 10, 15 and 25 cm, while water level (cm) was measured with a CS451 pressure transducer (Campbell Scientific, n.d., USA), and precipitation was measured with an SBS500 tipping bucket rain gauge (Environmental Measurements Ltd.). ...

... Large rivers have critical ecological functions that are essential for the well-being of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (Costanza et al., 1997;Pathak et al., 2021). However, biodiversity and ecosystem functions of river ecosystems have declined globally because of widespread human activities (Yuan et al., 2022). ...

... Site scores (circles) and environmental gradients (arrows) are represented in the left-hand plots, while species (triangles) are represented with sites in the right-hand plots for improved readability. Each site was colored according to its ecological status using the color code recommended by the WFD directive, blue-high; green-good; yellow-moderate; orange-poor; red-bad samples D1c and D2c (NEM; OLI; CER) are tolerant to organic pollution and indicators of low ecological quality (Höss et al. 2006;Johnson et al. 2019); some of the taxa associated with UPc are noticeably more sensitive, e.g., DUG or CAE, while others are of median sensitivity (ERP, GLO) (Paisley et al. 2014). ...

... Colloids are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, for instance frequently found to constitute 20-50% of the total organic carbon in seawater. They are important in natural waters to the speciation and bioavailability of organic compounds (Larsson et al. 2002;Old et al. 2019). Pokrovsky et al. (2014) observed a gradual and systematic decrease in colloidal organic carbon with increasing salinity in highlatitude estuaries linking major peat draining rivers to the Arctic Ocean. ...

... However, rivers face challenges due to the discharge of substantial amounts of industrial wastewater (Suthar et al., 2010;Kanu and Achi, 2011) and domestic sewage (Ullah et al., 2013;Anh et al., 2023), so understanding the shifts in river water quality and identifying their causes is fundamental for targeted river management initiatives. Over the past 2 decades, many scholars have analyzed water quality changes in several famous river basins, such as the Thames River basin (Neal et al., 2006;Bowes et al., 2018), the Nile River basin (Wahaab and Badawy, 2004;Abdel-Satar et al., 2017), the Amazon River basin (Ríos-Villamizar et al., 2017;Nóbrega et al., 2018) and the Ganges River basin (Mishra, 2010;Meher et al., 2015). ...

... The data was collected as part of the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP) field measurement program in Wales (Emmett et al., 2017;Wood et al., 2021). In total, 300 individual 1 km squares were randomly selected from within land classification strata in proportion to their extent in order to be representative of the range of habitat types across Wales or targeted to areas with high potential for agri-environment scheme uptake (Wood et al., 2021). ...

... (2.75±1.23) in autumn. DSi in River Thames and its tributaries in UK varied from 2.4 to 7.0 mg L -1 or ppm (Bowes et al., 2018). DSi in Amazon River in South America ranged from 120 μmol L -1 in June 2010 to 145 μmol L -1 in November ( Hughes et al., 2013). ...