Jacek Kubicki's research while affiliated with Adam Mickiewicz University and other places

Publications (78)

Preprint
Full-text available
Effective photoinduced charge transfer makes molecular bimetallic assemblies attractive for applications as active light induced proton reduction systems. For a more sustainable future, development of competitive base metal dyads is mandatory. However, the electron transfer mechanisms from the photosensitizer to the proton reduction catalyst in bas...
Article
Full-text available
Time-resolved studies with temporal resolution that separate molecular level dynamics from macroscopic changes, allow clear distinction between the time scales of the different degrees of freedom involved. Cooperative molecular switching in the solid state is exemplified by spin crossover phenomenon in crystals of transition metal complexes. Here w...
Article
Full-text available
The results of time-resolved fluorescence measurements of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in rigid polyvinyl alcohol films (PVA) demonstrate that fluorescence intensity decays are strongly accelerated in the presence of fluorescent dimers and nonradiative energy transfer processes ⟨τ⟩fl = 2.66 ns (at λexc = 445 nm) and ⟨τ⟩fl = 2.02 (at λexc = 487 nm) a...
Article
Full-text available
A new base metal iron‐cobalt dyad has been obtained by connection between a heteroleptic tetra‐NHC iron(II) photosensitizer combining a 2,6‐bis[3‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene]pyridine with 2,6‐bis(3‐methyl‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene)‐4,4′‐bipyridine ligand, and a cobaloxime catalyst. This novel iron(II)‐cobalt(III) assembly has been extensivel...
Preprint
Full-text available
Cooperative molecular switching at the solid state is exemplified by spin crossover phenomenon in crystals of transition metal complexes. Time-resolved studies with temporal resolutions that separate molecular level dynamics from macroscopic changes, afford clear distinction between the time scales of the different degrees of freedom involved. In t...
Article
Full-text available
Electron transfer dynamics in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) employing triphenylamine Y123 dye were investigated by means of femtosecond broadband transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible and mid-IR range of detection. The electron injection process to the titania conduction band was found to appear biphasically with the time constant o...
Article
[Fe(phen)2(NCS)2] is a prototype transition metal complex material that undergoes a phase transition between low-spin (LS) and high-spin (HS) phases, induced by temperature, pressure or light. Vibrational modes play a key role for spin-state switching both in thermal and photoinduced cases, by contributing to vibrational entropy for thermal equilib...
Preprint
[Fe(phen)2(NCS)2] is a prototype transition metal complex material, which undergoes a phase transition between low-spin (LS) and high-spin (HS) phases, induced by temperature, pressure or light. Vibrational modes play a key role for spin-state switching both in thermal and photo-induced cases, by contributing to vibrational entropy for thermal equi...
Article
Comprehensive studies of all charge-separation processes in efficient carbazole dye-sensitized solar cells are correlated with their photovoltaic parameters. An important role of partial, fast electron recombination from the semiconductor nanoparticles to the oxidized dye is revealed; this takes place on the picosecond and sub-nanosecond timescales...
Article
The process of primary charge separation in Ru-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) based on both TiO2 and ZnO photoanodes has been studied in fully working devices by time-resolved measurements, including emission and transient absorption (from femtoseconds to microseconds), and electrochemical techniques (current-voltage characteristics and im...
Article
We discuss the capacity of ultrafast broadband spectroscopy to become a test bed for investigating dynamics of metals driven far from equilibrium by a femtosecond laser pulse. A controversy in conventional description of the reflectivity of metals is looked upon by means of pump–probe white light set-up.
Article
The temperature effects on coumarin 102 steady-state absorption and fluorescence, and on the decay of its excited state are presented. Our results have shown that similar to coumarin 153, hydrogen bonding between coumarin 102 and protic solvents has an important impact on the deactivation process of the excited state of this dye. But the nature of...
Article
The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of the dually fluorescent 2,5-diethyl-(dibenzoxazolyl)-hydroquinone (DE-BBHQ) was studied with several time resolved techniques. The complementary character of up-conversion and time correlated single photon counting methods was demonstrated. According to the up-conversion experiment...
Article
The photochemistry of diazocyclohexadienone, o-phenylene thioxocarbonate and 2-chlorophenol in solution was studied using time-resolved UV-vis and IR transient absorption spectroscopies. In these three cases, the same product cyclopentadienyl ketene is formed, and two different mechanistic pathways leading to this product are discussed: (a) rearran...
Article
The photochemistry of pivaloyl, benzoyl, 4‐phenylbenzoyl, and 2‐anthroyl azides has been studied using femtosecond (fs) time‐resolved infrared (TRIR) and UV–vis spectroscopy and interpreted with the aid of computational chemistry. Density functional theory calculations revealed a significant difference in the nature of the lowest singlet excited st...
Article
The photochemistry of 2-naphthylsulfonyl azide (2-NpSO(2)N(3)) was studied by femtosecond time-resolved infrared (TR-IR) spectroscopy and with quantum chemical calculations. Photolysis of 2-NpSO(2)N(3) with 330 nm light promotes 2-NpSO(2)N(3) to its S(1) state. The S(1) excited state has a prominent azide vibrational band. This is the first direct...
Article
The photochemistry of 2-naphthoyl azide was studied in various solvents by femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy with IR and UV-vis detection. The experimental findings were interpreted with the aid of computational studies. Using polar and nonpolar solvents, the formation and decay of the first singlet excited state (S(1)) wa...
Article
The photochemistry of diphenylphosphoryl azide was studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, by chemical analysis of light-induced reaction products, and by RI-CC2/TZVP and TD-B3LYP/TZVP computational methods. Theoretical methods predicted two possible mechanisms for singlet diphenylphosphorylnitrene formation from the photoexcited...
Article
The photochemistry of diphenylphosphoryl azide was studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, by chemical analysis of light-induced reaction products, and by RI-CC2/TZVP and TD-B3LYP/TZVP computational methods. Theoretical methods predicted two possible mechanisms for singlet diphenylphosphorylnitrene formation from the photoexcited...
Article
Ultrafast photolysis (350 nm) of alkylphenyldiazirines promotes the diazirine to the S(1) excited state. Solvent and substituent effects on the excited state lifetimes indicate that the S(1) state is highly polarized and undergoes a [1,2]-H shift in concert with nitrogen extrusion in cyclohexane.
Article
Ultrafast laser flash photolysis (lambda(ex) = 375 nm) of para-methoxy-3-phenyl-3-methyl diazirine (p-CH(3)OC(6)H(4)CN(2)CH(3)) produced a transient absorption band in the 400-700 nm region. The carrier of the transient absorption is assigned to the S(1) electronic excited state of this compound based on quantum chemical calculations. The strongest...
Article
Ultrafast UV-vis/IR spectroscopies were used to study the photochemistry of a vinyl diazo ester PhCH=CHCN2CO2CH3 (1) in solution. The results indicate that singlet styrylcarbomethoxy carbene ((1)2) is produced from the excited state of diazo precursor (1*). It is concluded that vinyl singlet carbene ((1)2) undergoes an intramolecular cyclopropenati...
Article
Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy shows that in chloroform, beta-lactam is formed immediately after the laser pulse but gamma-lactam is formed from both slow and fast processes. It is concluded that beta-lactam is formed from the diazoamide excited state via the rearrangement in the excited state (RIES) mechanism and that gamma-lactam is formed from...
Conference Paper
Diazo esters and ketones have been studied with ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopies, and the direct detection of produced singlet carbenes indicates that singlet carbenes are greatly stabilized by the neighboring carbonyl groups and have interesting inter- and intramolecular reactions. In this study, singlet carbenes with a neighboring C=C doubl...
Article
Full-text available
The photochemistry of three carbonyl azides was studied by ultrafast time-resolved IR spectroscopy. Benzoyl, 2-naphthoyl, and pivavoyl azides are promoted to upper excited states S(n) with 270 nm excitation in chloroform. The S(n) states decay in 300 fs to form both the carbonylnitrenes and the S(1) excited states. The decay of the S(1) states of t...
Article
Ultrafast laser flash photolysis (lambda(ex) = 270 nm) of phenyldiazirine produces transient infrared absorptions at 2040 and 1582 cm(-1). The first band is assigned to phenyldiazomethane, and the second is assigned to singlet phenylcarbene. This assignment is consistent with DFT calculations. Diazo band integration reveals that photoisomerization...
Article
Ultrafast laser flash photolysis (310 nm) of methyl 2-napthyldiazoacetate (2-NpCN2CO2CH3) in acetonitrile or cyclohexane produces a diazo excited state which absorbs broadly in the visible region (tau = 300 fs). The decay of the excited diazo compound is accompanied by growth of the vibrationally excited singlet 2-naphthyl(carbomethoxy)carbene ((1)...
Article
The photochemistry of a p-biphenylyl diazo ester (BpCN2CO2CH3) and diazo ketone (BpCN2COCH3) were studied by ultrafast time-resolved UV-vis and IR spectroscopies. The excited states of these diazo compounds were detected and found to decay with lifetimes of less than 300 fs. The diazo ester produces singlet carbene with greater quantum efficiency t...
Article
The influence of coordinating solvents on singlet-to-triplet carbene intersystem crossing (ISC) rates has been studied with diphenylcarbene (DPC) and para-biphenyltrifluoromethylcarbene (BpCCF 3) by using ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy. DPC has a triplet ground state in all of the solvents considered, and the concentration of singlet carbene...
Article
The photochemistry of 5-diazo-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[a,d]diazocycloheptene (DDBC) and 9-diazoanthrone (DAN) were studied by ultrafast time resolved techniques. The excited states of these diazo compounds were observed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and were found to decay in 300 fs. The diazo excited state decays led to the appearance and first direct observ...
Article
The photochemistry of two isomeric aryl diazo ketones was investigated by fs time-resolved UV-vis and IR spectroscopies. Both diazo ketone excited states decompose in less than 300 fs by multiple pathways. One pathway involves concerted Wolff rearrangement and nitrogen extrusion, most likely in the syn rotomer. In the anti rotomer of one isomer, ox...
Article
Ultrafast photolysis (lambda(ex) = 308 nm) of p-biphenylyltrifluoromethyl diazomethane (BpCN2CF3) releases singlet p-biphenylyltrifluoromethylcarbene (BpCCF3) which absorbs strongly at 385 nm in cyclohexane, immediately after the 300 fs laser pulse. The initial absorption maximum shifts to longer wavelengths in coordinating solvents (nitrile, ether...
Article
The paper reports on the recovery of the Smoluchowski Collins Kimball (SCK) parameters from simulated fluorescence quenching decays for a donor of a subnanosecond lifetime. The accuracies are established to which the reaction distance (R), the sum of diffusion coefficients of donor and quencher (D) and the specific rate constant of the quenching pr...
Article
Ultrafast photolysis of 9-diazofluorene (DAF) produces a broadly absorbing transient within the instrument time resolution (300 fs), which is assigned to an excited state of the diazo compound. The diazo excited state fragments to form fluorenylidene (Fl) in both its lowest energy singlet state (1Fl, 405-430 nm, depending on the solvent) and a high...
Article
Ultrafast photolysis (lambda(ex) = 308 nm) of phenyl azide in 100% formic acid produces a broadly absorbing transient within the instrument time resolution (300 fs), which is assigned to an excited state of the azide. The azide excited state fragments within 300 fs to form singlet phenylnitrene. The decay of the nitrene (tau = 12.0 ps) produces a n...
Article
Exposure of 2-naphthyl azide in acetonitrile at ambient temperature to femtosecond pulses of 266 nm light produces a transient absorption with maxima at 350 and 420 nm. The carrier of the 350 nm band decays more rapidly than that of the 420 nm band which has a lifetime of 1.8 ps. Analogous experiments with 1-chloro-2-naphthyl azide in methanol allo...
Article
This paper describes a new type of spectrofluorimeter, composed of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system directly connected to a fluorescence detector and an absorption photodiode array detector, designed for studying the emission of weakly emitting species. Procedures for measurements of emission spectra (ES), emission excitation...
Article
Ultrafast photolysis (lambdaex = 270, 350, or 360 nm) of bromophenyl, chlorophenyl, fluorophenyl, and fluoro-para-trifluoromethylphenyl diazirines produces transient species which absorb broadly in the UV and visible regions. Transient decay can be fit to either mono- or biexponential functions (tau1 approximately 0.3-10 ps, tau2 approximately 10-3...
Article
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Article
The compound 4-methoxy-2,5-bis(phenyliminomethyl)-phenol representing a group of recently synthesized new photochromic Schiff bases, has been studied by transient absorption and time-resolved fluorescence measurements in femto- and picosecond time domains. Two different conformers of the keto tautomer, decaying with the time constants 480 and 110ps...
Article
The solvation dynamics of 4-aminophthalimide (4-AP) in two micellar systems (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (M-CTAB) and Triton X-100 (M-TX-100)) has been studied. The results presented are in agreement with our earlier findings in sodium dodecyl sulfate (M-SDS) micelle (J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 13,986, J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 9422). They ha...
Article
Spectral and photophysical properties of thioxanthone (9H-thioxanthen-9-one, TX) were determined in a few protic solvents (H2O, D2O, hexafluoro-2-propanol) and compared with those in aprotic solvents. On the basis of the time-resolved and steady-state emission measurements and available literature data, it has been shown that the dominant S1-TX dea...
Article
A photochromic symmetric Schiff base, N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine, is proposed as a probe for the study of solvent dependent enol-keto tautomerism in the ground and excited states. The ground state equilibrium between the enol-keto tautomers is found to depend mainly not on polarity but on the proton donating ability of the solvent. U...
Article
Time-resolved emission spectra (TRES) of 4-aminophthalimide (4-AP) dissolved in water solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for three surfactant concentrations (0.05, 0.15, and 0.45 M) have been determined. The fraction of 4-AP dissolved in the water phase surrounding the micelles has been shown to increase with decreasing concentration of the...
Article
4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) shows solvent-dependent dual fluorescence from the initially excited state B* and a highly polar TICT state A*. Room-temperature time-resolved picosecond fluorescence investigations prove the bimodal kinetics of the excited-state electron transfer reaction B*-->A* in polar aprotic media. In medium polarity solvents...
Article
Two simple, structurally related photochromic Schiff bases, salicylideneaniline (SA) and salicylaldehyde azine (SAA) were studied in femto– and picosecond time domains. In both systems an ultrafast excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction was stated with the characteristic time below 50 fs. For SA this result is in contrast to...
Article
The effect of the refraction index of the solvent on the instrument response time during the the picosecond lifetimes measurements by time correlated single photon counting method was analyzed. The lifetimes of S 2 fluorescence of xanthione in different solvents were measured for the analysis. The lifetime values varied from∼ 5 to ∼ 38 ps in solven...
Article
Hitherto, it has been commonly assumed that the changes observed in the time-resolved emission spectra (TRES) of the probe molecule placed in a micellar system have been a consequence of the process of solvation, related mainly to unspecific interactions. However, as follows from analysis of the shape and position of the TRES of 4-aminophthalimide...
Article
The results of time-resolved pico- and femtosecond absorption and emission study performed for the title photochromic Schiff base, (BSP) are presented. Transient absorption spectra of intermediates, appearing in the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) were identified. A full scheme of deactivation of the excited BSP molecule, inclu...
Article
Steady-state emission properties of gossypol in acetonitrile at room temperature have been studied using a HPLC system equipped with a specially improved highly sensitive fluorescence detector (ΦF⩾10−7). The fluorescence lifetimes (τ) have been determined using a time-correlated single photon counting system. At room temperature gossypol shows weak...
Article
The effects of n-alkyl group substitution on the photophysics, photochemistry and spectroscopy of benzopyranthione (BPT), a rigid model aromatic thione, have been investigated. The absorption, emission and excitation spectra of BPT and its 2-substituted n-C4H9 (I) and n-C10H21 (II) derivatives, their S2 → S0 fluorescence and T1 → S0 phosphorescence...
Article
Full-text available
The paper discusses three different artifacts related to two-photon absorption (TPA), stimulated Raman amplification (SRA) and cross-phase modulation (XPM), all intrinsic to transient absorption measurements with femtosecond time resolution. Certain properties of these signals are analysed and shown to superimpose onto measured transient absorption...
Article
The Letter discusses the mechanism and dynamics of intra- and intermolecular electronic relaxation of the S2 state of a xanthione molecule in acetonitrile, a quenching solvent, as well as the most important properties of the S2-exciplex formed upon the quenching process. Despite very efficient quenching of S2-XT and other thiones it has not been po...
Article
The influence of the intersection angle between pump and probe beams on the temporal resolution in time-resolved pump–probe experiments was investigated. The calculations were performed for the Gaussian temporal shape of the pulses and for both, rectangular and Gaussian spatial energy distribution of the beams. The results were experimentally verif...
Article
Systematic studies of the ¯uorescence picosecond lifetimes determination by laser-excited time-correlated single-photon-counting (TCSPC) have been undertaken. The results have been used to develop methods for determining lifetimes with much smaller error and much greater reproducibility than any hitherto reported. The error in the de-termination of...
Article
Electron transfer in the reaction center of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rb. sphaeroides R-26 has been studied at room temperature by transient absorption spectroscopy with a time resolution of 120 fs. Measurements of absorption changes were performed in the range from 400 nm up to 680 nm, after excitation with a laser pulse of 80 fs duratio...
Article
The experimental set-up for time dependent transient absorption/gain measurements with femtosecond time resolution is presented. Using pump-probe spectroscopy technique with femtosecond pulses from Ti:Sapphire laser system (Spectra Physics), the optical density of transient absorption and transient gain in the spectral range of 330–700 nm, time res...
Article
A time-resolved study of forward and reverse excitation energy transport in a disordered two-component system of Na-fluorescein (donor) and rhodamine 6G (acceptor) in glycerol–ethanol solution is reported. The experimental results are compared with those of the hopping model (HM), accounting for the effect of reverse energy transfer. Quantitative a...
Article
Design and construction of a new spectrometer for picosecond fluorescence decay measurements by time-correlated single-photon counting is described. The use of pico/femtosecond excitation pulses from a tunable Ti:Sapphire laser in combination with a fast microchannel plate photodetector and ultrafast timing electronics resulted in an excellent temp...
Article
Experimental set-up for time dependent transient absorption/gain measurements with femtosecond time resolution is presented. The pump-probe spectroscopy technique with femtosecond pulses from Ti: Sapphire laser system (Spectra Physics) allowed measurements of the optical density of transient absorption and transient gain in the spectral range of 33...
Article
A simple, feasible and precise method of calibration of the time scale of a TCSPC laser spectrometer is devised, based on the insertion of an optical delay into one of the start/top channels. The delay can vary from a fews ps to about 1 ns depending on the geometry and refractive index of the medium used, and can be determined with an accuracy bett...
Article
The shape and integral intensity of the depolarized component of Rayleigh light scattering on molecules of pivalic acid has been analyzed in the temperature range covering partly plastic and liquid phase. The occurrence of fast reorientations of pivalic acid monomers, earlier searched for by other authors, has been confirmed. This kind of motion wa...
Article
Spectral and photophysical properties of a few aromatic thioketones in their S2- and T1-states, in particular those determined by their interactions with solvents, are discussed. The reasons for a drastically different behaviour of thioketones in interactions with benzene as well as saturated hydrocarbons and perfluoroalkanes are analysed in more d...
Article
The paper reports the determination of the times of the orientational relaxation of a succinonitrile trans isomer in the plastic and liquid phase in the temperature range from 292.3 to 348.9 K, by the depolarized Rayleigh light scattering method. The activation energy of the process of the trans isomer reorientation in the plastic phase was found t...
Article
Depolarized Rayleigh spectra (DRS) of the following liquids C6H6, C6H5CH3, CS2 CCl4 and n-alkanes: C5H12, C6H 14, C7H16, C8H18, have been studied. The applied apparatus permitted exact determination of the Lorentz type central line as well as its exponential wing. The percent share of the interaction induced contribution to DRSS as well as the squa...
Article
The profiles of the depolarized component of Rayleigh light scattering were measured for a few organic liquids. The experimental spectra were analysed assuming the simplest model based on a partition of the spectrum into a reorientational part of lorentzian shape and an interaction-induced wing of exponential shape. Under this assumption a narrow s...

Citations

... On the long-time, this additional strain proceeds with the reestablishment of the structural equilibrium along with the dimer softening of the neighboring [Ni(dmit) 2 ] − anions as a relaxation process associated with the shortening of the halogen bond (Fig. 5d). Recent works show similar timescale dynamics related to the photoinduced phase transition due to the elastic amplification induced by the volume expansion of the crystal 28 emphasizing that global volume expansion may be related to the dimer softening process, but it is unlikely to drive the phase transition on the timescale we have studied 28,49 . (Supplementary Discussion 3). ...
... The PV-OH is one of the preferred film-forming materials since it is non-toxic and non-carcinogenic and has high thermal stability, high optical permeability, high flexibility, and chemical resistance [17]. Besides, PV-OH exhibits a maximum fluorescence emission when it is exited using a blue wavelength [18,19]. ...
... It should also be noted that in a heterodinuclear Fe− Co photocatalyst the light-independent dissociation of the Co center from the N py atom occurred by simply diluting the catalyst in acetonitrile (MeCN). 23 In such cases, recoordination-driven self-healing of the dinuclear species, i.e. the active catalyst, might only take place efficiently at high concentration. Finally, it should be mentioned that a hybrid system consisting of photosystem I (PSI) and [CoCl(dmgH) 2 (py)] yielded ca. ...
... For example, for pure anatase TiO2 (paste from Dynamo) and TBP in solution, the resulting shift of the TiO2 conduction band edge (towards more negative potentials) reduces the driving force for electron injection, and the JSC of the cells with D205 is then drastically lower than that of MK2 cells (Tables S3 and S4). It should also be noted that D205 cells quickly lose their PCE due to the drop of the photocurrent on the time scale of hours, while MK2 cells keep their PCE constant or sometimes even improve their JSC, probably due to the irradiation effects studied by us recently [44]. For the cells with the D205:MK2 mixtures, a decrease in performance was also observed (but not as much as for the cells with D205 alone); therefore, after 4 h or more, the PCE of the MK2 cells was always the highest. ...
... The spectrum of the trimer after interaction with toluidine blue (Figure 10) presented all the common features of the initial materials and, in addition, the bands located at 1358 cm −1 and 1509 cm −1 , representing the vibration of the newly formed N-O bond between the positively charged nitrogen atom belonging to TB and the negatively charged oxygen atom corresponding to the SO 3 group [65]. The inter-molecular hydrogen bonding evidenced in the hetero-trimer at 3723 cm −1 [66,67] was no longer visible in the complex with TB, proving that the trimer molecules were involved in bonding with toluidine blue molecules and there were less sites available for hydrogen bonding. ...
... [1][2][3] Technological innovations in laser technology, nanotechnology, and photonics are now making the previously unexploited THz frequency band accessible in many fields. [4][5][6][7][8] In particular, THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is emerging as a cuttingedge method to analyze a wide variety of materials with valuable insights into the fingerprint of the molecular structures, building block arrangements, and inter/intramolecular interactions. [9][10][11][12][13] Combining THz spectroscopy with a magnetic field enables the precise characterization of zero-field splitting, providing detailed insights into the electronic structure and magnetic properties of paramagnetic systems. ...
... 7 The essential feature of thioketones is strong fluorescence from the second excited state and negligible one from the first excited state that is a bright example of the Kasha's rule violation. 2,5,8,9 The latter is caused by the large energy gap between S 2 and S 1 states 10 and appears in S 2 long lifetimes of thioketones τ ∼ 10 −9 −10 −11 s. 1,4,7 The second peculiarity of thioketones is the dependence of the phosphorescence quantum yield on the excitation wavelength. The triplets quantum yield, ϕ T , for xanthione (XT) was shown to be close to unity upon the excitation into the first excited state, S 1 , while it is smaller than unity (ϕ T = 0.5−0. ...
... The photoanodes: The photoanodes were prepared in a way similar to that described in our previously published articles [39,40]. Generally, glass plates were cut out from an FTO glass sheet (Sigma Aldrich, 2.2 mm thickness, 13 Ω/sq, Burlington, MA, USA) to a final size of 12 × 17 mm 2 . ...
... All EEMs data were corrected for the influence of inner filter effects (IFE) and Rayleigh masking. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements were made at k ex = 380 nm using the time-correlated single photon counting technique on a picosecond fluorescence spectrophotometer with laser excitation [24,31]. ...
... The superior or satisfactory fit was obtained for all presented kinetic curves, which is summarized in Table S3. The global analysis was performed to obtain wavelength-dependent amplitudes of the indicated time constants using Surface Explorer software from Ultrafast Systems, described in detail elsewhere [49]. All electrochemical studies were carried out using Autolab PGStat 302 N potentiostat-galvanostat systems (Metrohm, Autolab) in a three-electrode system where the investigated sample served as a working electrode, Pt-mesh as a counter electrode and Ag/AgCl/0.1 M KCl as a reference electrode in 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte solution. ...