Jean-Luc Jaffrezo's research while affiliated with Université Grenoble Alpes and other places
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Publications (157)
The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) is a major driver of PM-associated health effects. In India, the emission sources defining PM-OP, and their local/regional nature, are yet to be established. Here, to address this gap we determine the geographical origin, sources of PM, and its OP at five Indo-Gangetic Plain sites inside and o...
Fungal spore organic aerosol emissions have been recognised as a significant source of particulate matter as PM10; however, they are not widely considered in current air quality models. In this work, we have implemented the parametrisation of fungal spore organic aerosol (OA) emissions introduced by Heald and Spracklen (2009) (H&S) and further modi...
Black carbon (BC) is a major component of sub-micron particulate matter (PM) with significant health and climate impacts. Many cities in emerging countries lack comprehensive knowledge about BC emissions and exposure levels. This study investigates BC concentration levels, identify its emission sources, and characterize the optical properties of BC...
The BIO-MAÏDO (Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo: processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols formation) campaign was conducted from 13 March to 4 April 2019 on the tropical island of Réunion. The main objective of the project was to improve understanding of cloud impacts on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) f...
Source apportionment models were widely used to successfully assign highly time-resolved aerosol data to specific emissions and/or atmospheric chemical processes. These techniques are necessary for targeting the sources affecting air quality and for designing effective mitigation strategies. Moreover, evaluation of the toxicity of airborne particul...
The chemical composition of PM10 and non-overlapping PM2.5 was studied at the summit of Mt. Chacaltaya (5380 m a.s.l., lat. −16.346950°, long. −68.128250°) providing a unique long-term record spanning from December 2011 to March 2020. The chemical composition of aerosol at the Chacaltaya Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) site is representative of the r...
The capacity of particulate matter (PM) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo leading to oxidative stress, is thought to be a main pathway for the health effect of PM inhalation. Exogenous ROS from PM can be assessed by acellular oxidative potential (OP) measurements as a proxy of the induction of oxidative stress in the lungs. Here, we...
Oxidative potential (OP) is an emerging health-related metric which integrates several physicochem-ical properties of particulate matter (PM) that are involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases resulting from exposure to PM. Daily PM 2.5-fraction aerosol samples collected in the rural background of the Carpathian Basin and in the suburban area an...
La Paz and El Alto are two fast-growing, high-altitude Bolivian cities forming the second-largest metropolitan area in the country. Located between 3200 and 4050 m a.s.l. (above sea level), these cities are home to a burgeoning population of approximately 1.8 million residents. The air quality in this conurbation is heavily influenced by urbanizati...
The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) has recently been considered as a viable health-based metric of PM exposure. Several acellular assays have been developed to assess OP, but...
Correspondence to: Maud Leriche (m.leriche@opgc.fr) and Pierre Tulet (pierre.tulet@aero.obs-mip.fr) 40 2 Abstract. The BIO-MAÏDO (Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island): processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols formation) campaign was conducted from the 13 th of March to the 4 th of April 2019 on the tropical R...
Source apportionment models were widely used and/or atmospheric chemical processes. These technics are necessary to target the sources affecting air quality and to design effective mitigation strategies. More, the evaluation of the toxicity of airborne particulate matter gains interest as the PM concentrations classically measured appear insufficie...
The chemical composition of PM10 and PM2.5 was studied at the summit of Mt. Chacaltaya (5380 masl, lat.-16.346950º, lon. -68.128250º) providing a unique long-term record spanning from December 2011 to March 2020. The chemical composition of aerosol at the Chacaltaya GAW site is representative of the regional background, seasonally affected by bioma...
Oxidative potential (OP) is an emerging health-related metric which integrates several physicochemical properties of particulate matter (PM) that are involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases resulting from the exposure to PM. Daily PM2.5-fraction aerosol samples collected in the rural background of the Carpathian Basin and in the suburban area...
In Europe, COVID-19 lockdown restrictions were first implemented in March 2020 to control the spread of the disease from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Many studies have focused on the influence of the applied measures on pollution levels during this period, but very limited information on the oxidative potential (OP), an emerging metric of particulate matt...
Background:
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been found to be detrimental to respiratory health of children, but few studies have examined the effects of prenatal PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP) on lung function in infants and preschool children.
Objectives:
We estimated the associations of personal exposure to PM2.5 and OP during pregnancy on...
La Paz and El Alto are two fast-growing high-altitude Bolivian cities forming the second largest metropolitan area in the country, located between 3200 and 4050 m a.s.l. Together they host a growing population of around 1.8 million people. The air quality in this conurbation is strongly influenced by urbanization. However, there are no comprehensiv...
Background:
Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) assessed through its mass concentration has been associated with foetal growth restriction in studies based on outdoor levels. Oxidative potential of PM2.5 (OP) is an emerging metric a priori relevant to mechanisms of action of PM on health, with very limited evidence to indicate its...
This work presents the results from a set of aerosol- and gas-phase measurements collected during the BIO-MAÏDO field campaign in Réunion between March 8 and April 5, 2019. Several offline and online sampling devices were installed at the Maïdo Observatory (MO), a remote high-altitude site in the Southern Hemisphere, allowing the physical and chemi...
The effect of post-depositional processing on the preservation of snow nitrate isotopes at Summit, Greenland, remains a subject of debate and is relevant to the quantitative interpretation of ice-core nitrate (isotopic) records at high snow accumulation sites. Here we present the first year-round observations of atmospheric nitrate and its isotopic...
Long-term monitoring at sites with relatively low
particulate pollution could provide an opportunity to identify changes in
pollutant concentration and potential effects of current air quality
policies. In this study, 9-year sampling of PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 µm) was performed in a rural background site in France (Obs...
Particulate matter (PM) is the air pollutant that causes the greatest deleterious health effects across the world, so PM is routinely monitored within air quality networks, usually in respect to PM mass or number in different size fractions. However, such measurements do not provide information on the biological toxicity of PM. Oxidative potential...
The spatiotemporal variations in free-cellulose concentrations in atmospheric particles, as a proxy for plant debris, were investigated using an improved protocol with a high-performance liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPLC-PAD) method. Filter samples were taken from
nine sites of varying characteristics across France and...
The Arctic is warming two to three times faster than the global average, and the role of aerosols is not well constrained. Aerosol number concentrations can be very low in remote environments, rendering local cloud radiative properties highly sensitive to available aerosol. The composition and sources of the climate-relevant aerosols, affecting Arc...
Aerosols play an important yet uncertain role in modulating the radiation balance of the sensitive Arctic atmosphere. Organic aerosol is one of the most abundant, yet least understood, fractions of the Arctic aerosol mass. Here we use data from eight observatories that represent the entire Arctic to reveal the annual cycles in anthropogenic and bio...
Particulate matter (PM) is the air pollutant which causes the greatest deleterious heath effects across the world and PM is routinely monitored within air quality networks where PM mass according to its size, and sometimes number are reported. However, such measurements do not provide information on the biological toxicity of PM. Oxidative potentia...
We present here the results obtained during an intensive field campaign conducted in the framework of the French “BIO-MAÏDO”
(Bio-physico-chemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island): processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols' formation)
project. This study integrates an exhaustive chemical and microphysical characterization of...
La pollution atmosphérique représente, dans le monde, la quatrième cause de mortalité, principalement due à la présence de particules fines de propriétés physico-chimiques très variées et aux sources multiples. La diversité considérable de ces particules fines rend l'évaluation de leur toxicité complexe. Cette publication vulgarise des travaux de t...
The effect of post–depositional processing on the preservation of snow nitrate isotopes at Summit, Greenland remains a subject of debate which hinders the interpretations of ice–core nitrate concentrations and isotope records. Here we present the first year–round observations of atmospheric aerosol nitrate and its isotopic compositions at Summit, a...
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is a priority pollutant for urban air pollution management because of its negative effects on human health and visibility. Emissions from road traffic have been a major focus of management over the past few decades, but non-exhaust emissions i.e., emissions from brake, tyre, road wear, and the resuspension of dus...
Long-term monitoring at sites with relatively low particulate pollution could provide an opportunity to identify changes in pollutant concentration and potential effects of current air quality policies. In this study, a 9-year sampling of PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 µm) was performed in a rural background site in France fr...
The spatiotemporal variations of free cellulose concentrations in atmospheric particles, as a proxy for plant debris, were investigated using a novel HPLC-PAD method. Filter samples were taken from nine sites of varying characteristics across France and Switzerland, with sampling covering all seasons. Concentrations of cellulose, as well as carbona...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) carried or induced by particulate matter (PM)
are suspected of inducing oxidative stress in vivo, leading to adverse health impacts such as respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM, displaying the ability of PM to oxidize the lung environment, is gaining strong interest in examining he...
We present here the results obtained during an intensive field campaign conducted in the framework of the French “BIO-MAÏDO” (Bio-physico-chemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island): processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols’ formation) project. This study integrates an exhaustive chemical and microphysical characterization of...
This work provides an evaluation of the emission factors (EFs) of typical garden waste burning (fallen leaves and hedge trimming) in terms of particulate matter (PM), elemental and organic carbon (EC-OC) together with a detailed chemical characterization of 88 particle-bound organic species including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), levoglu...
The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) measures PM capability to potentially cause anti-oxidant imbalance. Due to the wide range and complex mixture of species in particulates, little is known about the pollution sources most strongly contributing to OP. A 1-year sampling of PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10) wa...
The characterization of the molecular composition of organic carbon in both
gaseous and aerosol is key to understanding the processes involved in the
formation and aging of secondary organic aerosol. Therefore a technique
using active sampling on cartridges and filters and derivatization followed
by analysis using a thermal desorption–gas chromatog...
A fine-scale source apportionment of PM10 was conducted in three different urban sites (background, hyper-center, and peri-urban) within 15 km of the city in Grenoble, France using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF 5.0) on measured chemical species from collected filters (24 h) from February 2017 to March 2018. To improve the PMF solution, several...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) carried or induced by particulate matter (PM) are suspected to induce oxidative stress in vivo, leading to adverse health impacts, such as respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM, displaying the ability of PM to oxidize the lung environment, is gaining a strong interest to examine hea...
The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) quantifies PM capability to cause anti-oxidant imbalance. Due to the wide range and complex mixture of species in particulates, little is known on the pollution sources most strongly contributing to OP. A one-year sampling of PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10) was performed...
The CARA program has been running since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and the regional monitoring networks, to gain better knowledge—at a national level—on particulate matter (PM) chemistry and its diverse origins in urban environments. It results in strong collaborations with international-level academi...
Primary Biogenic Organic Aerosols (PBOA) were recently shown to be produced by only a few types of microorganisms, emitted by the surrounding vegetation in the case of a regionally homogeneous field site. This study presents the first comprehensive description of the structure and main sources of airborne microbial communities associated with tempo...
The CARA program has been developed since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and the regional monitoring networks to gain a better knowledge at the national level on the particulate matter (PM) chemistry and its diverse origins in urban environments. It results of strong collaborations with international-leve...
A fine-scale source apportionment of PM10 was conducted in three different urban sites (background, hyper-center, and peri-urban) within 15 km of the city in Grenoble, France using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF 5.0) on measured chemical species from collected filters (24-hr) from February 2017 to March 2018. To improve the PMF solution, severa...
Ambient air pollution is one of the leading five health risks worldwide. One of the most harmful air pollutants is particulate matter (PM), which has different physical characteristics (parti-cle size and number, surface area and morphology) and a highly complex and variable chemical composition. Our goal was first to comparatively assess the effec...
Particulate matter is a component of ambient air pollution that has been linked to millions of annual premature deaths globally1–3. Assessments of the chronic and acute effects of particulate matter on human health tend to be based on mass concentration, with particle size and composition also thought to play a part⁴. Oxidative potential has been s...
The characterization of the molecular composition of organic carbon in both gaseous and aerosol is key to understand the processes involved in the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosol. Therefore a technique using active sampling on cartridges and filters and derivatization followed by analysis using a Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatograp...
The aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), combined with statistical methods such
as positive matrix factorization (PMF), has greatly advanced the
quantification of primary organic aerosol (POA) sources and total secondary
organic aerosol (SOA) mass. However, the use of thermal vaporization and
electron ionization yields extensive thermal decomposition a...
Brown carbon (BrC) is known to absorb light at subvisible wavelengths but its optical properties and sources are still poorly documented, leading to large uncertainties in climate studies. Here, we show its major wintertime contribution to total aerosol absorption at 370 nm (18–42%) at 9 different French sites. Moreover, an excellent correlation wi...
Air pollution is of major concern throughout the world and the use of modeling tools to analyze and forecast the pollutant concentrations in complex orographic areas remains challenging. This work proposes an exhaustive framework to analyze the ability of models to simulate the air quality over the French Alps up to 1.2 km resolution over Grenoble...
Primary biogenic organic aerosols (PBOAs) represent a
major fraction of coarse organic matter (OM) in air. Despite their
implication in many atmospheric processes and human health problems, we
surprisingly know little about PBOA characteristics (i.e., composition,
dominant sources, and contribution to airborne particles). In addition,
specific prim...
Abstract. The aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), combined with statistical methods such as positive matrix factorization (PMF), has greatly advanced the quantification of primary organic aerosol (POA) sources and total secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass. However, the use of thermal vaporization and electron ionization yields extensive thermal decom...
Abstract. Primary biogenic organic aerosols (PBOA) represent a major fraction of coarse organic matter (OM) in air. Despite their implication in many atmospheric processes and human health problems, we surprisingly know little about PBOA characteristics (i.e., composition, dominant sources, and contribution to airborne-particles). In addition, spec...
Estimating agriculture’s contribution to air pollution and global warming is needed to understand and limit its impacts on the environment and climate. It is equally important to estimate the capacity of agricultural practices to mitigate these emissions and to characterize atmospheric deposition and the impacts of air pollutants on agroecosystems....
Epidemiological studies suggest that the main part of chronic effects from air pollution is likely to be linked with particulate matter (PM). Oxidative potential (OP) of PM is gaining strong interest as a promising health exposure metric. This study combined atmospheric detailed composition results obtained for seven different urban background envi...
With over 8 million inhabitants and 4 million motor vehicles on the streets, Tehran is one of the most crowded and polluted cities in the Middle East. Frequent exceedances of national daily PM2.5 limit have been reported in this city during the last decade, yet, the chemical composition and sources of fine particles are poorly determined. In the pr...
The primary sugar compounds (SCs, defined as glucose,
arabitol, and mannitol) are widely recognized as suitable molecular markers
to characterize and apportion primary biogenic organic aerosol emission
sources. This work improves our understanding of the spatial behavior and
distribution of these chemical species and evidences their major effective...
In order to present the whole dataset build during the SOURCES project, an interactive website was set up. The reader may refer to it to investigate the entire profile time serie and chemical composition as well as their associated uncertainty and the similarity assessment.
website: http://pmsources.u-ga.fr
Receptor-oriented models, including positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses, are now commonly used to elaborate and/or evaluate action plans to improve air quality. In this context, the SOURCES project has been set-up to gather and investigate in a harmonized way 15 datasets of chemical compounds from PM10 collected for PMF studies during a fi...
![Figure 6. Time series of the inorganic dust factor [C_CO 3 ] with...](publication/333587764/figure/fig4/AS:765882582196225@1559612045589/Time-series-of-the-inorganic-dust-factor-C-CO-3-with-interquartile-ranges-Q-25-and-Q_Q320.jpg)
Bootstrap analysis is
commonly used to capture the uncertainties of a bilinear receptor model such
as the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. This approach can estimate
the factor-related uncertainties and partially assess the rotational
ambiguity of the model. The selection of the environmentally plausible
solutions, though, can be challeng...
The primary sugar compounds (SC, defined as glucose, arabitol and mannitol) are widely recognized as suitable molecular markers to characterize and apportion primary biogenic organic aerosol emission sources. This work improves our understanding of the spatial behavior and distribution of these chemical species and evidences their major effective e...
This study presents the molecular composition of organic aerosol (OA) using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap) at an urban site in Central Europe
(Zurich, Switzerland). Specific source spectra were also analysed, including
samples representative of wood-burning emissions from Alpine valleys during
wood-burning pollution episodes and...
In order to identify and quantify key species associated with non-exhaust
emissions and exhaust vehicular emissions, a large comprehensive dataset of
particulate species has been obtained thanks to simultaneous near-road and
urban background measurements coupled with detailed traffic counts and
chassis dynamometer measurements of exhaust emissions...
Located in the Mediterranean Basin and close to Marseille (France), Fos-sur-Mer is situated in the vicinity of industrial harbor and agricultural lands. Its location makes it prone to mixed pollution contributions, combining the influence of residential, industrial, agricultural, maritime road and traffic sources. For this study, the origins of car...
A growing number of studies are using specific primary sugar species, such as sugar alcohols or primary saccharides, as marker compounds to characterize and apportion primary biogenic organic aerosols (PBOAs) in the atmosphere. To better understand their annual cycles, as well as their spatiotemporal abundance in terms of concentrations and sources...
The interplay between microbes and atmospheric physical and chemical conditions is an open field of research that can only be fully addressed using multidisciplinary approaches. The lack of coordinated efforts to gather data at representative temporal and spatial scales limits aerobiology to help understand large scale patterns of global microbial...
This study presents the molecular composition of OA using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap) at an urban site in Central Europe (Zurich, Switzerland). Specific source spectra were also analysed, including samples representative of wood burning emissions from Alpine valleys during wood burning pollution episodes and chamber investiga...
Bootstrap analysis is commonly used to capture the uncertainties of a bilinear receptor model such as the positive matrix factorisation (PMF) model. This approach can estimate the factor related uncertainties and partially assess the rotational ambiguity of the model. The selection of the environmentally plausible solutions though can be challengin...
A growing number of studies are using specific primary sugar species, such as sugar alcohols or primary saccharides, as marker compounds to characterize and apportion primary biogenic organic aerosols (PBOA) in the atmosphere. To better understand their annual cycles, as well as their spatio-temporal abundance in terms of concentrations and sources...
In order to identify and quantify key-species associated with non-exhaust emissions and exhaust vehicular emissions a large comprehensive dataset of particulate species has been obtained thanks to simultaneous near-road and urban background measurements coupled with detailed traffic counts and chassis dynamometer measurements of exhaust emissions o...
Derivatization techniques based on α-effect amines and H+ catalysis are commonly used for the measurement of carbonyl compounds (CCs), whether in environmental, food, or biological samples. Here, we investigated the potential of aniline-based catalysts to improve derivatization rates of selected carbonyls by using dansylacetamidooxyamine (DNSAOA) a...
Inhaled aerosolized particulate matter (PM) induces cellular oxidative stress in
vivo, leading to adverse health outcomes. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM
appears to be a more relevant proxy of the health impact of the aerosol rather
than the total mass concentration. However, the relative contributions of the
aerosol sources to the OP are still...
Many studies have demonstrated associations between exposure to ambient
particulate matter (PM) and adverse health outcomes in humans that can be
explained by PM capacity to induce oxidative stress in vivo. Thus, assays
have been developed to quantify the oxidative potential (OP) of PM as a more
refined exposure metric than PM mass alone. Only a sm...
Dans le cadre du programme CARA (Caractérisation chimique des particules), un suivi de la composition chimique des PM10 est effectué depuis 2008 sur la station de fond urbain Grenoble-Les Frênes. Cette étude est réalisée à partir de prélèvements sur filtres, en étroite collaboration avec ATMO Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, l’Institut des Géosciences de l’En...
PM10 source apportionment was performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) using specific primary and secondary organic molecular markers on samples collected over a one year period (2013) at an urban station in Grenoble (France). The results provided a 9-factor optimum solution, including sources rarely apportioned in the literature, such as t...
Carbonaceous aerosols are related to adverse human health effects. Therefore,
identification of their sources and analysis of their chemical composition is
important. The offline AMS (aerosol mass spectrometer) technique offers quantitative separation of organic
aerosol (OA) factors which can be related to major OA sources, either primary
or second...
Carbonaceous aerosols are related to adverse human health effects. Therefore, identification of their sources and analysis of their chemical composition is important. The offline AMS technique offers quantitative separation of organic aerosol (OA) factors that can be related to major OA sources either primary or secondary. While primary OA can be m...
Many studies have demonstrated associations between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and adverse health outcomes in humans that can be explained by PM capacity to induce oxidative stress in vivo. Thus, assays have been developed to quantify the oxidative potential (OP) of PM as a more refined exposure metric than PM mass alone. Only a sm...
While primary marine aerosol (PMA) is an important part
of global aerosol total emissions, its chemical composition and physical
flux as a function of the biogeochemical properties of the seawater still
remain highly uncharacterized due to the multiplicity of physical, chemical
and biological parameters that are involved in the emission process. He...
Particulate matter (PM) induces oxidative stress in vivo, leading to adverse health effects. Oxidative potential (OP) of PM is increasingly studied as a relevant metric for health impact (instead of PM mass concentration) as much of the ambient particle mass do not contribute to PM toxicity. Several assays have been developed to quantify PM oxidati...
Long-term monitoring of organic aerosol is important for epidemiological
studies, validation of atmospheric models, and air quality management. In
this study, we apply a recently developed filter-based offline methodology
using an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) to investigate the regional and
seasonal differences of contributing organic aerosol so...
Citations
... Weekly PM10 filter samples were also collected at the summit of Mount Chacaltaya between April 2016 and August 2017, as described by Moreno et al., (2024). The majority of the collected samples (42 out of 50 samples) were nocturnal samples (23:00-8:00/23:00-9:00), outside the hours when the station is directly influenced by the metropolitan area. ...
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... Atmospheric aerosols are complex mixtures of particulate matter (PM) and gases that are directly and indirectly emitted into the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources. In the last decades, PM concentration trends have experienced a decrease in Europe and the USA (Aas et al., 2024;USEPA, 2022). However, this trend is not observed to the same extent in tropical and subtropical urban areas, where exposure to ambient PM is a leading environmental risk factor (Fang et al., 2020;Vohra et al., 2022). ...
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... Further concerns about intensive use of biomass burning come from the epidemiological and toxicological literature. The health risks associated with emissions of NO x , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (in particular benzo(a)pyrene), volatile organic compounds and dioxins originating from biomass burning are well known and, while the potential of specific individual sources and chemical components of PM 2.5 to cause adverse health outcomes is still unclear 35 , several studies have suggested that biomass burning may have a significant health impact 17,36 . ...
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... Epidemiological studies have indicated adverse effects of air pollution related to traffic, including the development of respiratory diseases [12] and cardiovascular diseases [13], among others [14]. PM may contain BC, which has been used as an indicator of diesel combustion, as well as trace metals, quinones, and other compounds [15,16]. ...
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... The presence of heavy metals in PM 2.5 is concerning owing to the health risks associated with inhalation. Chifflet et al. (2024) noted the presence of metals and metalloids in PM 2.5 of Hanoi. Burning fossil fuels releases 80% of the metals and metalloids related to PM 2.5 , with chromium (Cr) being the primary source of these carcinogenic metals. ...
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... High altitude, and hence lower oxygen concentrations, can make the combustion processes even more complex. As recently shown by Mardoñez et al. (2023) and 80 Wiedensohler et al. (2018), the air quality in these cities is predominantly influenced by local emissions, with vehicular traffic (>80% powered by gasoline) as the main source of absorbing aerosol particles, and responsible for 20-30% of the measured PM10 concentrations in both cities. However, the cities are also subject to regional sources of pollution such as agricultural biomass burning, which is transported from the valleys and low lands across the Andes (Chauvigne et al., 2019;Mardoñez et al., 2023), and represents an important source of pollution at a regional level (Mataveli et al., 2021). ...
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... The OP of PM is analyzed for the first time in Vietnam with this study. The volume-normalized OP (OP v ) values are interesting when evaluating exposure or epidemiological outcomes, while the massnormalized OP (OP m ) is a more adapted metric when evaluating the drivers of chemical composition for OP (Bates et al., 2019;Campbell et al., 2021;Dominutti et al., 2023a). Average OP v values obtained in our study were 3.9 ± 2.4 and 4.5 ± 3.2 nmol min − 1 m − 3 for OP DTT and OP AA , respectively. ...
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... The elevated concentrations of ions in the days of events also support the profiles selected and align with the literature. For the BB, in addition to the ions discussed, the cations K + are representative ions (Rastogi et al., 2014;Moreno et al., 2023) that 425 present significant increments. Regarding the volcanic aerosol compositions, the observed increment on Na + and K + also align with previous reports (Moreno et al., 2023;Mather et al., 2003;Roberts et al., 2018). ...
... The best-constrained solution consists of 9 factors: primary traffic, biomass burning, coal burning, industrial, heavy fuel oil (HFO) combustion, long-range transport, longrange Cl-rich Industrial, primary and secondary biogenic and mineral dust. These factors were selected using the specific tracers already determined in previous PMF studies (Borlaza et al., 2022a;Borlaza et al., 2021b;Mardoñez et al., 2023;Vörösmarty et al., 2023;Waked et al., 2014aWaked et al., , 2014bWeber et al., 2019) and detailed in Table 1. Other solutions with a smaller or greater number of factors (6 to 11 factors) were investigated but were less clearly defined, presented lower statistical performances, or factors merging was often observed. ...
... 8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In most studies using the ascorbic acid probe (OP AA ), no association with adverse health outcomes was observed, such as respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, cardiorespiratory emergencies and lung cancer mortality. 16,23,25,26 Nevertheless, some positive associations were found between OP AA and systemic inammatory biomarkers in short-term exposure studies. 18,27 Additionally, a recent study revealed strong associations between outdoor ne particles, oxidizing gases and sulfur and OP (mainly for OP GSH and also for specic cases of OP AA ). ...
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