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Antidiabetic potential of Barleria lupulina extract in rats
Abstract
We have undertaken a study to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic effect of a methanol extract of aerial parts of Barleria lupulina Lindl. (Acanthaceae) in streptozotocin-diabetic rats, based on folkloric reports its use as an anti-diabetic agent. The extract exerted significant (p < 0.05) anti-hyperglycemic efficacy at all levels tested from 4 h after its administration, as compared with the control group, and the effect was also prolonged up to 12 h. The extract at doses of 200 mg kg(-1) body wt. and above exhibited a maximum activity (p < 0.001) at 12 h after administration. The most significant activity (15.35% blood glucose reduction) was observed for the group administered 300 mg kg(-1) body wt. at 12 h after administration, while the standard drug glibenclamide (10 mg/kg(-1) body wt.) showed an 18.80% reduction of blood glucose at the same time interval. Based on our current results, it appears that the methanol extract of aerial parts of Barleria lupulina Lindl. shows a pronounced blood-glucose-lowering potential in, streptozotocin hyperglycemic rats, and is thus provided with a pharmacological support of the folklore claims of anti-diabetic activity.
... The present study has evaluated the antidiabetic properties of Psidium guajava fruit extract. Beta-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans die after being injected with streptozotocin (Suba et al., 2004). The loss of cells in the pancreas causes a considerable reduction in serum insulin levels. ...
... Conversely, when oral Psidium guajava fruit extract (300 mg/kg & 400 mg/kg) and standard medication glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg) were given to diabetic rats, blood glucose levels decreased. According to reports from (Suba at al., 2004), glibenclamide treatment seems to be more successful in controlling blood glucose when compared to Psidium guajava fruit groups. Furthermore, there doesn't seem to be much of a benefit to using Psidium guajava fruit at higher concentrations compared to lesser doses. ...
Background: The chronic disease known as diabetes mellitus is brought on by either the pancreas's inability to make enough insulin or the body's inability to use it. Purpose: This plant finds applications for treating diarrhea, dysentery, gastroenteritis, hypertension, diabetes, caries and pain relief. Purpose: The current study aimed to determine how Psidium guajava fruit extract affected the blood glucose, body weights, and insulin levels of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats over 21 days. Methods: The extract's effectiveness was compared to that of glibenclamide, a common hypoglycemic medication. 30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups with 6 animals in each group. V: Normal control (Group-I), diabetic control (Group-II), diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide 0.6mg/kg bw (Group-III), diabetic rats treated with Psidium guajava fruit extract 200 mg/kg bw (Group-IV) and Psidium guajava fruit extract 400 mg/kg bw (Group-V). All group of rats were subjected to evaluation of body weight, blood glucose and serum insulin levels on day 0, 7, 14 and 21 of the experiment. Results: There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in body weight and serum insulin and significant (P<0.05) increase in blood glucose level in Group-II compared to Group-I rats. In the Present study, daily oral administration of Psidium guajava fruit extract at dose rate of 200 and 400 mg/kg bw and glibenclamide at 0.6mg/kg bw in diabetic rats for 21 days showed a progressive improvement in body weight, blood glucose and serum insulin concentration. Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded the results of this study indicate that Psidium guajava fruit extract possesses anti-diabetic properties in Wistar albino rats.
... Baihegujin Decoction is also a famous Chinese herbal medicine that played its significant role in the eradication of various ailments such as moistens the lungs, reduce fever, transforms phlegm, stops cough, hot palms and soles, night sweat, dry and sore throat and nourishes the blood by supporting a healthy respiratory function etc [31]. as immunomodulatory [32], radio protecting abilities and anticlastogenic effects [33], antimicrobial [34,35], anti-inflammatory [36][37][38], antidiabetic [39,40], antibacterial [41][42][43][44], anticancer, antioxidants [44], anti-arthritis [45], anti-viral [46] and anti-ulcer [40]. ...
... Baihegujin Decoction is also a famous Chinese herbal medicine that played its significant role in the eradication of various ailments such as moistens the lungs, reduce fever, transforms phlegm, stops cough, hot palms and soles, night sweat, dry and sore throat and nourishes the blood by supporting a healthy respiratory function etc [31]. as immunomodulatory [32], radio protecting abilities and anticlastogenic effects [33], antimicrobial [34,35], anti-inflammatory [36][37][38], antidiabetic [39,40], antibacterial [41][42][43][44], anticancer, antioxidants [44], anti-arthritis [45], anti-viral [46] and anti-ulcer [40]. ...
Since December 2019, COVID-19 infection is spreading rapidly throughout worldwide. Every virus has a unique structure, behavior and infectious agent to create infections. The ayurvedic herbal medicine that seem to work for other viral infections should be tested
against COVID-19. Qingfei Paidu decoction, Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL), Mahuang Gancao Ganjiang Decoction (MGGD) and licorice are remedies that officials in China have recommended against COVID-19. Simultaneously, an Ayush Ministry advisory suggested that drinking decoction (ginger, turmeric, tulsi leaves) as ‘home remedies’ to boost immune system against Covid-19 in India. Likewise, Barleria lupulina leaves decoction is also one of the potential candidates which may be helpful for the treatment of COVID-19.
... [14,15] In vitro studies have shown that alloxan is selectively toxic to pancreatic beta cells, leading to induction of cell necrosis. [16] This action is mediated by reactive oxygen species with a simultaneous massive increase in calcium concentration leading to a rapid destruction of beta cells. [17] The use of lower dose alloxan (120 mg/kg b.w.) produced partial destruction of pancreatic beta cells even though the animals became permanently diabetic. ...
... [14,15] The hypoglycemic activity of the drug was due to the regeneration of pancreatic cells that were partially destroyed by alloxan, and potentiation of insulin secretion from surviving b-cells of the islets of Langerhans. [16] Diabetic rats were observed to have increased plasma lipids, which are responsible for several cardiovascular disorders. [17] The higher lipid levels seen in diabetic rats was due to increased mobilization of free fatty acids from peripheral depots and also due to lipolysis caused by hormones. ...
Abstract—
Background: The study of Plants having antihyperglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities may give new approach in the treatment of diabetes
with lesser side effects.
Objective: The study was intended to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic action of Euphorbia caducifolia latex powder in
alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats.
Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in albino rats by using alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). Rats were divided into five groups of
six animals each. First group served as non-diabetic control, second group as diabetic control, third group as standard and was treated with
Nopal. Group 4 and 5 received 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of ECLP. Blood samples were analyzed for blood glucose on day 1, 7, 14 and
lipid profile on day 21.
Results: The ECLP showed significant reduction (P<0.01) in blood glucose level and serum lipid profile levels with 200 mg/kg body weight in
alloxan-induced diabetic rats as compared with the control.
Conclusion: It is concluded that ECLP is effective in controlling blood glucose levels and in improving lipid profile in diabetic rats.
... This plant is recognized for its medicinal properties [61], as phytochemical compounds extracted from its leaves and stems, such as flavonoids, iridoids, phenolics, gallotannins, and proanthocyanidins, display a wide range of antibacterial activities and anti-inflammatory properties. In traditional medicine, there are no documented reports on the use of B. albostellata; however, several reports have been published on the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, antileukemic, antihyperglycemic, anti-amoebic, antibiotic, and virucidal activities of species within the genus Barleria [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. Specifically, B. greenii and B. prionitis display potent antibacterial and antiinflammatory properties, and previously isolated bioactive compounds such as iridoids, quercetin, and quinones may be responsible for such activities [61]. ...
Barleria albostellata C.B. Clarke (Acanthaceae) is a plant native to South Africa and relatively few studies have been performed on it. Species in this genus are known for their ethnopharmacological and phyto-medicinal values. In this study, the total flavonoid and phenolic contents and the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts were evaluated at five different concentrations (15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the extracts of B. albostellata was assessed in vitro using the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, while the phenolic content was determined using a Folin–Ciocalteu assay. The extracts’ cytotoxicity was established using a 3-[(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay in human embryonic kidney (HEK293), cervical cancer (HeLa), and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. Methanolic leaf extracts had the highest total flavonoid content (42.39 ± 1.14 mg GAE/g DW) compared to other solvents. Additionally, the total phenolic content was the greatest in the methanol leaf extract (6.05 ± 0.09 GAE/g DW), followed by the methanol stem extracts (2.93 ± 0.73 GAE/g DW). The methanolic leaf and stem extract concentrations needed for 50% inhibition (DPPH) were 16.95 µg/mL and 14.27 µg/mL, respectively, whereas for FRAP, the reducing powers of all extracts were considerably lower than the ascorbic acid standard. The IC50 values of extracts tested in the three cell lines were >63 µg/mL. According to the findings of our study, the leaves and stems of B. albostellata are rich in several bioactive compounds that may be a possible source of natural antioxidants and may have the potential to treat certain diseases. The extraction of the bioactive compounds from the leaves and stems of B. albostellata using bioassay-guided fractionation and the assessment of their safety will be essential for further investigations into this species in the search of potential novel therapeutic drug leads. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the cytotoxic activities of leaf and stem extracts of Barleria albostellata.
... From the Phytochemical analysis it was found that the major chemical constituents of the extract were flavonoids, and tannins. Over 150 plant extract and some of this active principle including flavonoids are known to be used for the treatment of diabetes [16][17][18][19] . On the basis of the above evidences it is possible that the presence of flavonoids and tannins are responsible for the observed antidiabetic activity 20,21 . ...
The hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Pavonia zeylanica (AEPZ) was evaluated in normal, glucose fed and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of extract (200 and 400mg/kg body wt) for 7 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose level. The effect was compared with 0.5gm/kg (I.P) glibenclamide.
... [9] Investigation into these substances derived from conventional medicinal plants has therefore become more crucial. [10] Nutraceuticals The term "nutraceutical" was coined in 1989 by ...
A state of hyperglycemia caused by a deficiency of insulin production, action, or both characterizes diabetes, a
complicated, chronic illness. Numerous nutraceuticals employed in clinical practice have been demonstrated to
target diabetes, favorably influencing a range of biochemical & clinical outcomes. In many conventional medical
systems, hypoglycemic drugs are used to treat, control, and prevent diabetes mellitus. These medicines are made
from various plants. These extracts of plants have shown a clinically significant advantage in maintaining healthy
blood sugar and lipid profiles. The use of natural products, herbal cures, and nutraceuticals in therapies has grown
recently on a global scale.Conventional therapy options that are available as synthetic drugs do not satisfy the
expectations of therapeutic demands for healing a variety of pathological diseases. Nutraceuticals offer an
additional hopeful therapeutic option for diabetes with fewer adverse effects than herbal drugs. Nutraceuticals are
characterized as non-specific biological therapies that use only organic products to maintain and advance health,
halt the progression of cancer, and treat symptoms. Nutritional supplements are said to have potent disease, prevention, disease-cure, and health-promoting qualities. This study aims to highlight and comment on certain of
the most widely used nutraceuticals for diabetes prevention.
... It is well established that both STZ-induced diabetic and normal mice experience hypoglycemia following receiving an oral dosage of hypoglycemic medications [37]. In addition, it has also been discovered that glibenclamide is effective in animals that are diabetic to a moderate degree but that it is not helpful in animals that are diabetic to an extreme degree, in which the pancreatic beta cells have been destroyed almost entirely [38]. Therefore, the antihyperglycemic benefits of several plant extracts have been hypothesized to originate from their capability to stimulate the progression of new β-cells, prevent the death of pancreatic cells, reduce glucose load, or increase the free flow of the body's insulin. ...
The 11 β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11 β-HSD1) is hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its related complications. Because high glucocorticoid levels are a risk factor for metabolic disorders, 11β-HSD1 might be a viable therapeutic target. In this investigation, docking experiments were performed on the main constituents of Spondias mangifera (SM) oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-sitosterol to ascertain their affinity and binding interaction in the human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 enzyme’s active region. The results of in vitro 11β HSD1 inhibitory assay demonstrated that the extract of S. mangifera had a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the 11-HSD1% inhibition (63.97%) in comparison to STZ (31.79%). Additionally, a non-insulin-dependent diabetic mice model was used to examine the sub-acute anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic effects of SM fruits. Results revealed that, in comparison to the diabetic control group, SM fruit extract (SMFE) extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight considerably (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) lowered blood glucose levels at 21 and 28 days, as well as significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) and enhanced the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). After 120 and 180 s of receiving 200 and 400 mg/kg SMFE, respectively, disease control mice showed significantly poorer blood glucose tolerance (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). SMFE extract 200 (p < 0.05), SMFE extract 400 (p < 0.01), and Glibenclamide at a dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight all resulted in statistically significant weight increase (p < 0.01) when compared to the diabetic control group after 28 days of treatment. According to in silico, in vitro, and in vivo validation, SMFE is a prospective medication with anti-diabetic and hypoglycemic effects.
... Normal control showed the value of 14:57 ± 0:54, whereas the highest value (2:13 ± 0:02) was shown by P. dactylifera seed extract 400 mg/kg, Glibenclamide showed a value of 0:97 ± 0:02, and diabetes control gave 2:92 ± 0:09 μM/ml (Table 4). In diabetes, the most common problems encountered are hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia [60]. In humans and vertebrates, different lipases control various functions, i.e., digestion, absorption, reconstitution of fats, and lipoprotein metabolism [61]. ...
Phoenix dactylifera is known for medicinal importance due to its antioxidant, antidiabetic, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of P. dactylifera seeds to cure Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD was induced in the rats with streptozotocin + aluminium chloride followed by treatment of methanolic extract of P. dactylifera seeds. The blood glucose levels were determined at regular intervals, which showed a prominent decrease in the extracts treated group. Behavior tests, including the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, were used to evaluate memory patterns in rats. The results indicated that extract-treated rats significantly improved memory behavior compared to the diseased group. After dissection, the serum electrolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and choline esterase enzymes were measured in different organs. The serum parameters creatinine, urea, and bilirubin increased after extract treatment. Similarly, the level of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidases (POD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the extract-treated group showed improved results that were close to the normal control group. The enzyme (lipase, insulin, amylase, and acetylcholine) levels were found enhanced in extract groups as compared to diseased rats. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the level of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters, which were increased significantly for P. dactylifera seeds with values of 0.18 μg/mg tissue and 0.56 μg/mg tissue, respectively. Overall, results showed that P. dactylifera seeds proved to be quite efficient in improving the memory and behavior of treated rats. The antioxidants and enzymes were also increased; therefore, it may be a potential candidate for treating AD.
... The fact that plant preparations have fewer adverse reactions than current conventional medications [46][47][48][49], along with their lower cost, is encouraging both the general population and national health care organizations to examine natural medical items as alternatives to synthetic drugs [50]. As a result, research into such compounds derived from traditional medicinal herbs has become increasingly significant [51]. ...
Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder marked by unusually high plasma glucose levels, which can lead to serious consequences such as retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and cardiovascular disease. One of the most efficient ways to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) in diabetes mellitus, especially insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, is to lower the amount of glucose that is absorbed by inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in the digestive system, such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase. α-Glucosidase is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the final stage of carbohydrate digestion. As a result, α-glucosidase inhibitors can slow D-glucose release from complex carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption, resulting in lower postprandial plasma glucose levels and control of PPHG. Many attempts have been made in recent years to uncover efficient α-glucosidase inhibitors from natural sources to build a physiologic functional diet or lead compound for diabetes treatment. Many phytoconstituent α-glucosidase inhibitors have been identified from plants, including alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides and others. The current review focuses on the most recent updates on different traditional/medicinal plant extracts and isolated compounds’ biological activity that can help in the development of potent therapeutic medications with greater efficacy and safety for the treatment of type 2 diabetes or to avoid PPHG. For this purpose, we provide a summary of the latest scientific literature findings on plant extracts as well as plant-derived bioactive compounds as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors with hypoglycemic effects. Moreover, the review elucidates structural insights of the key drug target, α-glucosidase enzymes, and its interaction with different inhibitors.
... 15 Because of the efficacy in human clinical trials and the low side effects of drugs derived from medicinal herbs, medicinal plants have emerged as a major priority in the search of novel anti-diabetic medicine. 16,17 Because of the increasing prevalence, there is a growing need to establish an integrated approach for diabetes management and prevention by exploring the efficacy of traditional herbal remedies. 18 There are several reports highlighting a variety of medicinal plants and plant-based formulations that exhibit antidiabetic properties. ...
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, leading to many undesirable health consequences. There are many herbal formulations, traditionally used by the Northeast Indian population for disease management. These formulations require scientific validations to optimize their efficacy and increase their popularity. In this study, we attempt to scientifically validate a polyherbal formulation traditionally used for the management of diabetes through preliminary phytochemicals investigation, characterization of potential phytochemicals using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HR-LC/MS) analysis, and in silico characterization of physiochemical, drug-likeness, and pharmacokinetic properties of identified phytochemical compounds. Qualitative phytochemical screening of various extracts of the formulation confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenols and tannins, flavonoids, fats, and oils. Phytochemical quantification of the various extracts showed that the highest total phenolic content is present in the ethanolic extract (35.61 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g), while the highest total flavonoid content is present in the chloroform extract (76.33 ± 2.96 mg QE/g) of the formulation. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed various characteristic band values with various functional groups in the formulation extract such as amines, alcohol, fluoro compounds, phenol, alkane, alkene, and conjugated acid groups. HR-LC/MS analyses identified nearly 51 compounds including 9 small peptides and 42 potential phytochemical compounds. In silico SwissADME analysis of identified compounds revealed 25 potential compounds following Lipinski’s rule and showing drug-like characteristics, and out of them, 16 compounds exhibited good oral bioavailability, as revealed in the bioavailability radar. The overall study showed that the presented polyherbal formulation is enriched with bio-active phytochemical compounds with good pharmaceutical values.
... 17 Sterols and glycosides can lower blood glucose levels in diabetic animals. 18 Glycosides have the potential to significantly inhibit α-amylase activity and thus prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. 19 The studies by Sireesha et al. 20 showed that flavonoids slow down the intestinal absorption of glucose. ...
Lactuca taraxacifolia is a plant from tropical regions traditionally used in Africa as an anti-diabetic. The aim of the work was to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of the aqueous extract of L. taraxacifolia leaves (AELT) in diabetic rats. To induce diabetes, streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into rats. Diabetic animals were divided into groups and treated with vehicle, glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) and AETL (150, 300 and 450 mg/kg). Body weight, blood glucose level, water and food consumption, lipid and oxidative stress parameters were assessed. AELT (450 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) prevented weight loss, polyphagia, and polydipsia in diabetic rats. Hyperglycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and malondialdehyde were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) in diabetic rats treated with AETL. The levels of reduced glutathione, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were also increased (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) with AELT. AELT can improve postprandial hyperglycemia, treat diabetes mellitus, and protect pancreas against damage induced by oxidative stress. The results obtained from this study justify the ethnobotanical use of AELT as a treatment of diabetes mellitus. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. For reprints contact: reprint@ipinnovative.com
... The dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of extract showed no significant reduction in blood glucose level. Some phytochemical constitutents with established anti-diabetic properties include flavonoids, saponins and tannins [13,14]. The present study indicated the presence of these groups of compounds in the tested plant and therefore implies their possible role in anti-hyperglycemic effect observed. ...
To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of the methanol leaf extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. on normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. The leaves were extracted via cold maceration using 99.8% methanol. Diabetes mellitus was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin. The effect of oral administration of methanol leaf extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg as reference drug) for 14 consecutive days was determined by monitoring blood glucose levels and lipid profiles on the normal and diabetic rats. Oral acute toxicity and phytochemical screening were also assessed. The extract did not produce significant reduction in blood glucose in normal rats at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day. However, it significantly reduced the blood glucose levels at the dose of 200 mg/kg/day on the 7 th day by 47% (P<0.05) and 14 th day by 53% (P<0.001), in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This was comparable to that of glibenclamide, which at 5 mg/kg reduced the blood glucose of diabetic rats by 44.3% (P<0.05) and 49.56% (P<0.001) on the 7 th and 14 th day respectively. Both doses of the extract produced significant (P<0.05) dose-related reduction in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol only in diabetic rats. The extract also produced a significant (P<0.001) dose-related reduction in body weight and feed consumption when compared with the control group. The data obtained established that the leaves extract of J.gossypiifolia possess antidiabetic effect, and this seems to be the basis of its use in diabetes mellitus in herbal medicine.
... The group administered with 300 mg kg −1 body weight showed high potential of reducing blood glucose (15.35%) after 12 h of administration when compared with glibenclamide (10 mg kg −1 body weight), which led to an 18.8% decrease in blood glucose level simultaneously. [109] ...
Objectives
Barleria, a large genus of the Acanthaceae family, comprises more than 300 species with diverse taxonomy, cytogenetics, phytochemistry and pharmacological potential. Therefore, the aim of this review is to critically assess the research on Barleria and provide guidance for future investigations.
Methods
The data were obtained from different sources, such as books, theses, journals and some of the websites and internet-based searches, published from 1901 to 2020. Data obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, online electronic journals, SpringerLink, Wiley, etc. have also been used.
Key findings
The species of this genus exhibit considerable medicinal properties. Cytogenetical data are scantily available with chromosome counts available for only 24 species. The most common chromosome number is 2n = 2x = 40. So far, 187 compounds are reported from Barleria species. The active principles, their uses, toxicity and pharmacological effects are discussed. Essential oils, flavones, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenes and terpenoids form the major compounds.
Summary
It is highly recommended that the pharmacological and economic potential of Barleria species should be exploited and more detailed studies and attention be geared towards its utilization and conservation. In addition, to ensure maximum pharmacological benefits and sustainable use, it is necessary to have empirical information explaining its ethnobotanical values as well as commercial potential.
... These activities of the extract may be accounted for by the presence of several bioactive compounds like flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. Suba et al., 2004 reported that tannin has antidiabetic activity. Research has shown that many plants containing flavonoids have been used for the treatment of diabetes (Meiselman et al., 1976;Choi et al., 1991;Hassig et al., 1999). ...
Uvaria chamae p. Beauv., synthesizes and accumulates a variety of secondary metabolites from its root,
stem, leaf and fruit. These consist mainly of essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids
and annonaceous acetogenins. Some of these biologically active secondary
metabolites validate the claim made in traditional system of medicine. The
present review summarizes the information available on the secondary
metabolites isolated from U. chamae and their biological activities.
... In Indonesia, the leaves of B. lupulina have been traditionally used under the name of "Landik" as a diuretic and tonic, and for the treatment of fever, rheumatism, liver ailments, indigestion, constipation, jaundice, urinary infections, wounds, scabies, and swelling [11], while the aerial part of B. lupulina was traditionally used for mental tension, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and snake bites [12]. Extracts prepared from this plant were evaluated in acute and subacute models of inflammation in rats [13], on a diabetic model of rats [14], on central nervous system activity [15], for antimicrobial activity against Acne vulgaris [16], on the gastric mucosa of rats [17], and on anti-HSV-2 activity [18]. Glycosides of iridoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans, and aliphatic and benzyl alcohols have been reported [19][20][21][22]. ...
In order to find antiosteoporotic agents from natural resources, 32 Indonesian medicinal plants were screened for their effects on osteoblast differentiation by using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells as a marker. From the extract of Barleria lupulina, which showed the most potent activity, 13 iridoid glucosides, including three new ones [8-O-acetylipolamiidic acid (1), 8-O-acetyl-6-O-(p-methoxy-cis-cinnamoyl)shanzhiside (2), and 8-O-acetyl-6-O-(p-methoxy-trans-cinnamoyl)shanzhiside (3)] were identified. Among the 13 iridoid glucosides, ipolamiide (4) showed the most potent activity in a dose-dependent manner.
... DK was effective in reducing blood glucose levels since it was able to attenuate the rising glucose level observed in the DK fed groups by approximately 76% with dose C. The decoction was not able to completely block the rising levels of blood glucose, but the fact that this study is for a short duration and DK administration for a longer duration may fully remove the diabetic complications needs to be considered. Suba et al. in 2004 had reported a similar result in diabetic rats fed with Barlerialupulina extract [53]. They suggested stimulation of pancreatic mechanism, protection or partial regeneration of pancreatic cells and enhanced secretion of insulin by the remaining protected β-cells in the islets of Langerhans as the possible mechanisms behind the decreased fasting blood glucose level in diabetic and normal rats fed with Barlerialupulina extract. ...
Antioxidant activities of Dhanwantaram Kashayam –An Ayurvedic poly herbal formulation alleviates diabetic complications in rats
Smitha Renganathan and Radhakrishna Gopala Pillai
Department of Life Sciences
University of Calicut, 673635, India.
Email: pillai_radhakrishna@hotmail.com
Abstract
Purpose
Phytochemicals of ethno medicines are being developed as effective drugs with minimum or no toxic side effects. Dhanwantaram Kashayam (DK) is a polyherbal formulation used as a potent general health tonic and is found to have antioxidant activities, but there are no proper scientific studies on its possible benefits. In this study we investigated the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of DK and trying to explore the possibility of employing DK for the treatment of diseases like diabetes mellitus caused by the imbalance in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).
Methods
We investigated the effect of DK on normal and rat model of diabetes. Rats were fed with DK for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose level, haemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, non enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, and MDA were evaluated.
Results
DK was found to ameliorate the disease symptoms of diabetes. A significant decrease in non enzymatic antioxidants – vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione and an increase in MDA and fasting blood glucose level was observed in diabetic rats. Administration of DK resulted significant increase in non enzymatic antioxidant levels both in diabetic and normal rats and a decrease in MDA, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and HOMA-IR index was observed.
Conclusion
This study reveals the protective role of DK in diabetic condition through its antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity. Our results strongly indicate the possibility of DK being developed as a potent antidiabetic drug. DK could be an alternative in the treatment of diseases with ROS imbalance to expensive and toxic synthetic ‘medicines’
... DK was effective in reducing blood glucose levels since it was able to attenuate the rising glucose level observed in the DK fed groups by approximately 76% with dose C. The decoction was not able to completely block the rising levels of blood glucose, but the fact that this study is for a short duration and DK administration for a longer duration may fully remove the diabetic complications needs to be considered. Suba et al. in 2004 had reported a similar result in diabetic rats fed with Barlerialupulina extract [53]. They suggested stimulation of pancreatic mechanism, protection or partial regeneration of pancreatic cells and enhanced secretion of insulin by the remaining protected β-cells in the islets of Langerhans as the possible mechanisms behind the decreased fasting blood glucose level in diabetic and normal rats fed with Barlerialupulina extract. ...
PurposePhytochemicals of ethno medicines are being developed as effective drugs with minimum or no toxic side effects. Dhanwantaram Kashayam (DK) is a polyherbal formulation used as a potent general health tonic and is found to have antioxidant activities, but there are no proper scientific studies on its possible benefits. In this study we investigated the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of DK and trying to explore the possibility of employing DK for the treatment of diseases like diabetes mellitus caused by the imbalance in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).Methods
We investigated the effect of DK on normal and rat model of diabetes. Rats were fed with DK for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose level, haemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, non enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, and MDA were evaluated.ResultsDK was found to ameliorate the disease symptoms of diabetes. A significant decrease in non enzymatic antioxidants – vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione and an increase in MDA and fasting blood glucose level was observed in diabetic rats. Administration of DK resulted significant increase in non enzymatic antioxidant levels both in diabetic and normal rats and a decrease in MDA, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and HOMA-IR index was observed.Conclusion
This study reveals the protective role of DK in diabetic condition through its antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity. Our results strongly indicate the possibility of DK being developed as a potent antidiabetic drug. DK could be an alternative in the treatment of diseases with ROS imbalance to expensive and toxic synthetic ‘medicines’.
... Several plants are used for the management of the diabetes. Some example of the plants viz.,Acacia arabica or nilotica (Singh, 2011), Capparis sepiaria (Selvamani et al., 2008), Catharanthus roseus (Rasineni et al., 2010;Singh et al., 2001), Barleria prionitis (Geetha and Wahi, 2001), Barleria lupulina (Suba et al., 2004), Balanites aegypticea (Baragob et al., 2014), Aegle marmelos (Seema et al., 1996;Das et al, 1996), Allium cepa (Augusti, 1973;Mathew & Augusti, 1975;Gupta et al.,1977), Artemisia pallens (Subramonium et al., 1996); Areca catechu (Chempakam, 1993), Beta vulgaris (Yoshikawa et al., 1996), Biophytum sensitivum (Puri & Baral, 1998), Brassica juncea (Khan et al., 1995), Caesalpinia bonducella (Sharma et al., 1997), Cajanus cajan (Amalraj & Ignachimuthu, 1998), Citrullus colocynthis (Abdel-Hassan et al., 2000), Eugenia jambolana, Tinospora cordifolia (Grover et al., 2000), Feronia elephantum (Joshi et al., 2009a), Coccinia indica (Mukherjee et al., 1972), Eugenia uniflora (Arai et al., 1999), Bambusa arundinacea (Joshi et al., 2009b), Andrographis paniculata (Nugroho et al. 2012), Gymnema sylvestre (Thakur et al., 2012) and may more plant possessing anti-diabetic activity in in vivo models. Several compounds viz., S-methyl cysteine sulphoxide (sulphur containing amino acid) (Kumari et al., 1995), allicin (Mathew & Augusti, 1973), S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide (sulphur containing amino acid) (Sheela & Augusti, 1992), C-flavonol glucoside called as shamimin (Saleem et al., 1999), andrographolide (Nugroho et al., 2012), gymnemic acid, gymnemagenin (Persaud et al., 1999;Porchezhian & Dobriyal, 2003)and many more compounds have been isolated from various plants containing anti-diabetic activity. ...
The word phytopharmaceutical deals with a complex mixture of compounds derived from the plant source that is used as a medicine or drug. Primitive human societies have been depending on plants and plant products for various remedies. Several plants in the different forms have been reported in traditional medicine and to find a rational for the treatment of various diseases than to isolated single compounds. Many of the single compounds isolated from the plant origin are effectively used in the medicine. The search of natural products in drug discovery has been greatly enhanced in the last few years. The impetus to use phytopharmaceutical agents for the treatment of disease, most of the plant based drugs are quite safe and have lesser adverse effects and are claimed that it works as synergistic effects.
... It is well established that certain flavonoids shows hypoglycemic activity [20] and are also recognized for their capability of beta cell regeneration of pancreas [21] and have the ability to inhibit intestinal motility and hydroelectrolytic secretions [22]. Sterols also have ability to reduce blood sugar in experimental animal models [23] . Saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes are shown as antidiarrhoeal agents [24,25] . ...
Objective:To explore the antidiabetic and the antidiarrhoeal effects of ethanolic extracts of Cynodon dactylonPers. aerial parts (EECA) in Wistar rats.
Methods: To assess the antidiabetic activity of EECA, oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) model, and alloxan-induced diabetic test (AIDT) model were performed. The EECA was used at the doses of 2 g/kg, 1 g/kg, and 500 mg/kg body weight in OGTTmodel, and 1.5 g/kg was used for AIDT model. Castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model and gastrointestinal motility test with barium sulphate milk model were performed for eval-uating the antidiarrhoeal effects at doses of 1 g/kg, 750 mg/kg respectively.
Results: The dose 2 g/kg in OGTT and 1.5 g/kg in AIDT model blood glucose levels decreased significantly (P<0.01) in Wistar rats that showed antidiabetic effect of EECA.After administration of EECA at the dose of 1 g/kg, the extract showed significant(P<0.05) antidiarrhoeal activity in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model. The results were also significant (P<0.05) in barium sulphate milk model for the same dose by usingabove mentioned animals.
Conclusions: It is concluded that EECA contains both antidiabetic and the antidiarrhoeal properties.
... Hence, such studies investigating medicinal herbs have been steadily held with interests. [4,5,6], Anti-inflammatory [2,7], Analgesic, Antiulcerogenic [7], Antidiabetic [8], Neuropharmacological [9], Toothache [10], Antibacterial [11], Anticancer [12], Antiartheritis, Acute and sub-chronic diuretic [13], Anti-viral [14]. However, very little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms by which they may exert their [12] and trypan blue exclusion dye method as per Jayashree and Thenmozhi [16]. ...
Background: Barleria lupulina Lindl. (Hop-headed) is a small shrub, possess potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-leukemic, antitumor, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-amoebic, virucidal, diuretic, bactericidal and antibiotic properties. Methods: Cytotoxicity, bioactive assay and genetic analysis of B. lupulina were investigated in the present communication. The leaf extract was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Neutral red uptake (NRU), DNA fragment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay, gene expression analysis and cDNA synthesis to evaluate anti-cancerous potency using cancerous THP-1 cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Results: HPTLC analysis reveals four spots and GC-MS analysis displayed the presence of eleven bioactive compounds among which benzofuranon, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, and 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecanoic acid were the most prominent compounds. The ethanolic extract showed significant cytotoxicity (P<0.5) against THP-1 cell line at a concentration of 1mg/mL. The cells were also observed for apoptosis through DNA fragmentation in B. lupulina treated cells. Conclusions: It can be concluded that if the dose range was further refined within the range of 100-1000 µg/mL there could be dose at which the entire population of the THP-1 cell line would be apoptosis induced. The extract induced ROS in the cells after 30 minutes of exposure displaying cytotoxic effects and DNA fragmentation assay.
... Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds of plant origin have been reported as antioxidants and as scavengers of free radicals. Flavonoids and tannins have been reported to produce anti-diabetic activity [17]. Similarly, saponins have been reported to possess a wide range of biological activities, For instance, saponins were known to be bioactive against diabetes [18,19]. ...
Aim: This study was designed to assess the utilization of plants with anti-diabetic properties and to conduct preliminary phytochemical analysis and moreover, to assess the anti-diabetic potential of selected plants used to treat and manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the residents of Pakuri (St. Cuthbert's Mission) in Guyana. Original Research Article Boston et al.; JOCAMR, 8(4): 1-12, 2019; Article no.JOCAMR.54604 2 Methodology: The leaves of sour sop (Annona muricata L.), pear (Persea americana Mill.) and Mocou-Mocou (Montrichardia arborescens L. Schott) underwent phytochemical testing and -amylase Inhibition testing to determine their anti-diabetic properties. Results: This study showed that the leaves of pear, sour sop and mocou mocou contained different chemical constituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins but the absence of amino acids (proteins), carbohydrates and glycosides. The -amylase inhibitory studies performed demonstrated that the extracts of A. muricata in ethanol and chloroform had significant inhibitory potential. Conclusion: Considering the promising potential of phytochemicals and the anti-diabetic activity of these species of plant extracts in anti-diabetic drug development, in vivo experiments and clinical trials are required for efficacy and safety evaluation. Also, the anti-diabetic phytochemicals may be used in combination with existing orthodox drugs, thereby, reducing the dose of synthetic anti-diabetic drugs, which will help in addressing the toxicity and cost-related issues in chronic use during the management of diabetes mellitus (DM).
... Medicinal plants containing active biological principles including flavonoids, and tannins have been reported to demonstrate hypoglycemic properties (Suba et al., 2004). In particular, the therapeutic potential of flavonoids displays significant insulin secretogogue, insulinomimetic and cytoprotective effects (Bharucha et al., 2011). ...
... Although treatment of diabetes with insulin and many oral hypoglycaemic agents has recorded huge successes, they were however, associated with some serious side effects like recurrent cases of hypoglycemic, bizarre behaviour, confusion, coma, obesity and seizures [10]. ...
Aim: The study investigated the modulating roles of ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga (CF) for its antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, glycosylated hemoglobin effects and cytoarchitectural changes on pancreatic beta cells in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Study Design: Experimental diabetes using animal models.
Methodology: Twenty- Five (25) male albino rats were randomly divided into five (5) experimental groups: control, diabetic, standard drug (glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body wt) and C. febrifuga (375 and 500 mg/kg bwt) treated diabetic groups The animals in four out of five groups were fasted for 18 h and were made diabetic by injecting with a single dose of alloxan (ALX) 150 mg/kg, Diabetic rats 5 per group received graded doses (375 and 500 mg/kg bwt) of the extracts and glibenclamide 10 mgkg-1 for 15days. Blood was collected on days 0, 5, 10 and 15 for glucose estimation. Lipid profile was measured using DiaSys Kits from Germany which utilized the colorimetric method. Insulin Assay was measured using Monobind Insulin Microplate Elisa test while HbA1C was analyzed by Biosystem Kits (Barcelona Kits, Spain) using chromatographic method.
Twenty (20) male albino rats were randomly distributed to four groups; I, II, III and IV with each consisting of five animals received 20% (w/v) glucoseorally at a dose of 0.5ml /100 g bwt. After 30 min, the animals received extracts as follows: Group I, C. febrifuga (500 mg/kg bwt); Group II, C. febrifuga (250 mg/kg bwt); Group III, C. febrifuga (100 mg/kg bwt); Group IV, 0.5 ml (2% w/v) acacia solution and served as control. Blood glucose levels were then monitored at 30, 60, and 120 min. intervals and reported as the average glucose level of each group.
Results: A significant reduction in postprandial sugar level was observed after 60min in all treatments.
Diabetic rats without treatment showed significant increases (p<0.05) in the levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein LDL-cholesterol while the high density lipoprotein HDL-cholesterol level were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to normal rats. In addition, the diabetic rats treated with the CF and glibenclamide showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in blood glucose, TG and LDL-cholesterol levels and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in HDL-cholesterol level compared to diabetic untreated rats. There were significant reductions (p<0.05) in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and significant increase (p<0.05) in the treated diabetic group compared to the negative control.
Apart from these, cytoarchitectural changes also revealed the protective nature of the ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga against alloxan induced necrotic damage of pancreatic tissues.
Conclusion: The ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga modulated hyperglycemic by potentiating insulin release from the beta cells of pancreas and ameliorated dyslipidaemia.
... In this work, 30 days of ODSO administration has significantly attenuated the increase of glycaemia. The study on chemical composition of ODSO has showed the richness of sterols [16], which are known to have ability to reduce the level of glucose in the blood [23]. Moreover, STZ has provoked noticeable decrease of hepatic glycogen, and substantial rise of glycosuria in rats, but this effect has been significantly reversed after the daily administration of ODSO in diabetic rats. ...
Objective: To assess the antidiabetic effect of Opuntia dillenii seed oil on rats with diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A rat diabetes model was established by intraperitoneal injection of rats with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. Thirty albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups: the diabetic control group and normal control group were treated only with distilled water, two diabetic groups received 1 and 2 mL/kg of oil per day, respectively, for 30 days and one diabetic group received 2 mg/kg of glibenclamide. In addition, blood glucose was determined weekly. Body weight, average daily food, water intake and urinary volume of each animal were determined before and after the treatment period. After the treatment period, hepatic glycogen was determined using the anthrone reagent, and glycosuria, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine and uric acid were estimated using common clinical diagnostic kits.
Results: Oral intake of the oil at 1 and 2 mL/kg for the diabetic animals significantly diminished blood glucose, glycosuria, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine and uric acid, accompanied by a noticeable elevation in the amount of hepatic glycogen in comparison with the diabetic control group. Similarly, Opuntia dillenii seed oil significantly increased the food intake and decreased the urinary volume per day in treated rats of the same groups in comparison with the period before the treatment intervention and attenuated body weight loss in the diabetic rats. Moreover, this effect of the oil was dose dependent. On the other hand, the oil did not affect their need for water.
Conclusions: The results show that Opuntia dillenii seed oil has a very important antidiabetic effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hence, we suggest it as a preventive control of diabetes mellitus.
... The comparable effect of the extract (500 mg/kg) with glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg) may suggest a similar mode of action since the main mechanism of the action of glibenclamide is the stimulation of insulin release and the inhibition of glucagon secretion. It has been described that glibenclamide is effective in moderate diabetic state and ineffective in severe diabetic animals where pancreatic ß-cells are totally destroyed [17]. The possible mechanism by which the plant extract brings about its hypoglycemic action may be by potentiating the insulin effect thereby increase pancreatic secretion of insulin from ßcells [18]. ...
Hyperglycaemia, a characteristic feature of diabetics mellitus leads to decreased antioxidant defense and hence the development of oxidative stress, which is involved in the aetiology of development of diabetic complications. This work was therefore aimed at evaluating the anti diabetic and antioxidative potential of the plant. These evidences suggest that good glycemic control and/or use of antioxidants may play an important role in the prevention of complications associated with diabetes. Diabetes was induced with single Intra peritoneal injection of alloxan (160 mg/kg b.w) dissolved in freshly prepared citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Oral administration of Kingelia africana (500 mg/kg b.wt) of methanol leaves and fruits extracts resulted in significant (p>0.05) decrease in the blood glucose level, MDA, glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profiles and liver maker enzymes with corresponding increase in SOD activity, catalase activity, glutathione activity, serum protein concentration, and Vit.C concentration. In conclusion, K. africana possessed antioxidative properties evidenced by decrease blood glucose level and its effect on some oxidative parameters of diabetic rats.
... FOS further study of molecular docking of three sugars as PPAR-c agonists and DPP-IV inhibitors and it's preferred to interact with tyrosine residues during binding to the active sites of proteins (Suba et al., 2004). Methanolic leaf extract of Axonopus compressus reduces blood sugar levels, and this plant contain active ingredients known as flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, etc. are responsible for the antidiabetic activity (Ogie et al., 2010). ...
Since ancient times until now exploring the importance of herbal medicines to treat the variety of diseases. Currently the herbal medicines searching for health, wellness and aim to achieve effective treatment without much side effect. Recent days the impact of herbal medicines well established even herbal treatment is one of the alternative medicines for most of the diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus etc. Medicinal plants always have been rich sources of bioactive compounds, and that will be very helpful to human health. The reasons for herbal medicines attracted by the health care professionals and common individuals, including concern about confidence and safety of drugs. Allopathic medicines have many side effects and sometimes failing to treat and most of the herbal drugs proven better therapeutic effects without any major adverse effects. With the demand for phytomedi-cine user, this review highlights modern herbal drug formulation and its clinical use.
... FOS further study of molecular docking of three sugars as PPAR-c agonists and DPP-IV inhibitors and it's preferred to interact with tyrosine residues during binding to the active sites of proteins (Suba et al., 2004). Methanolic leaf extract of Axonopus compressus reduces blood sugar levels, and this plant contain active ingredients known as flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, etc. are responsible for the antidiabetic activity (Ogie et al., 2010). ...
Since ancient times until now exploring the importance of herbal medicines to treat the variety of diseases. Currently the herbal medicines searching for health, wellness and aim to achieve effective treatment without much side effect. Recent days the impact of herbal medicines well established even herbal treatment is one of the alternative medicines for most of the diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus etc. Medicinal plants always have been rich sources of bioactive compounds, and that will be very helpful to human health. The reasons for herbal medicines attracted by the health care professionals and common individuals, including concern about confidence and safety of drugs. Allopathic medicines have many side effects and sometimes failing to treat and most of the herbal drugs proven better therapeutic effects without any major adverse effects. With the demand for phytomedi-cine user, this review highlights modern herbal drug formulation and its clinical use.
... Phenolic acids are well-known antioxidants, and also their antidiabetic activities have been reported in many studies ( Mukherjee et al., 2006;Aslan et al., 2007). As that herbal extracts containing flavonoids was reported to demonstrate antidiabetic activity (Suba et al., 2004). On the basis of the above evidence, it is possible that the flavonoids present in this plant may be responsible for the observed antidiabetic activity. ...
The present study investigate the effect of polyphenolic extracts of Capparis Spinosa L. leaves on some biochemical parameters in female rats in vitro. The work involved the following studies: Analytical study: involved extraction, isolation and identification of polyphenolic content of Capparis Spinosa L. extract. The UV-Vis Spectra and high performance liquid chromatography of extracted polyphenols are proved the presence of (Gallic acid,Caffeic acid, Coumaric acid , Vanillic acid , Syringic acid, Ferulic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Rutin and Quercetin) in the extract. Biochemical parameters: all rats in biochemical parameters are divided into 4 groups, group (A) positive control (normal) that were treated with distill water (D.W), negative control group(B) that were treated with alloxan (125mg/kg) B.W. only diabetes rats that were treated with (15 mg/kg) B.W. of Capparis spinosa L. extract for 4 weeks, and group (D) alloxan-induced diabetes rats that were treated with (25 mg/kg) B.W. of Capparis spinosa L. extract for (4 weeks). The results indicated that group (B) showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in serum glucose compared with control group (A). The rats were fed with plant extract groups(C and D) show a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the level of serum glucose in comparison to diabetic animal group(B).
... FOS further study of molecular docking of three sugars as PPAR-c agonists and DPP-IV inhibitors and it's preferred to interact with tyrosine residues during binding to the active sites of proteins (Suba et al., 2004). Methanolic leaf extract of Axonopus compressus reduces blood sugar levels, and this plant contain active ingredients known as flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, etc. are responsible for the antidiabetic activity (Ogie et al., 2010). ...
Since ancient times until now exploring the importance of herbal medicines to treat the variety of diseases. Currently the herbal medicines searching for health, wellness and aim to achieve effective treatment without much side effect. Recent days the impact of herbal medicines well established even herbal treatment is one of the alternative medicines for most of the diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus etc. Medicinal plants always have been rich sources of bioactive compounds, and that will be very helpful to human health. The reasons for herbal medicines attracted by the health care professionals and common individuals, including concern about confidence and safety of drugs. Allopathic medicines have many side effects and sometimes failing to treat and most of the herbal drugs proven better therapeutic effects without any major adverse effects. With the demand for phytomedicine user, this review highlights modern herbal drug formulation and its clinical use.
... Herbal drugs are prescribed widely because of their effectiveness, less side effects and relatively low cost [6] . Therefore, investigation on such agents from traditional medicinal plants has become more important [5] . Here, I report 20 species of plants used as antidiabetic agents by the traditional healers of Chitrakoot. ...
Chitrakoot region is characterized by a rich floral diversity and an equally rich ethnomedicinal tradition. Herbal medicine is the dominant system of medicine practiced by the local tribes of this region for the treatment of diabetes during the course of the present studies it was found that 20 species of plants belonging to 18 Families are used as antidiabetic agents in the folk medicinal practices in the region and 81% of these plants are hitherto unreported as hypoglycemic agents. This finding may lead to serious research towards developing new and efficient drugs for diabetes.
... Herbal drugs are prescribed widely because of their effectiveness, less side effect and relatively low cost (Venkatesh et al., 2003). Therefore, investigation of plants for their pharmacological values has become more important (Suba et al., 2004). Cabbage (Brassica oleracae var. ...
... Herbal drugs are prescribed widely because of their effectiveness, less side effects and relatively low cost 6 . Therefore, investigation on such agents from traditional medicinal plants has become more important 5 . Here, I report 20 species of plants used as antidiabetic agents by the traditional healers of Chitrakoot. ...
Chitrakoot region is characterized by a rich floral diversity and an equally rich ethnomedicinal tradition. Herbal medicine is the dominant system of medicine practiced by the local tribes of this region for the treatment of diabetes during the course of the present studies it was found that 20 species of plants belonging to 18 Families are used as antidiabetic agents in the folk medicinal practices in the region and 81% of these plants are hitherto unreported as hypoglycemic agents. This finding may lead to serious research towards developing new and efficient drugs for diabetes.
... Antioxidants can also exert anti-inflammatory effects (Ferrandiz et al., 1991). The flavonoids and tannins have been reported to produce antidiabetic activity (Suba et al., 2004). ...
Hiptage benghalensis (L) Kurz belongs to the family Malphigiaceae. The plant has strong therapeutic potential thus occasionally cultivated for medicinal purposes in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. This plant has been known to possess antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, antimutagenic and hepatoprotective activity. According to Ayurveda, Hiptage benghalensis is cooling, vulnerary, astringent, expectorant, cardiotonic, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, wound healing and used in burning sensation of the body, wound, pruritus, foul ulcers, scabies, leprosy, skin diseases, cough, asthma, cardiac debility, rheumatism, hyperdipsia, obesity, intrinsic haemorrhage etc. The presented review summarizes the information concerning the botany, ethno pharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activity of this plant.
... Barleria cristata L. plants are used for boils, bee bite, and toothache Ahmed (1990). The plant also has potential antidiabetic (Suba et al. 2004), antiinflammatory effect (Suba et al. 2002), and antibacterial activity in vitro (Shukla et al 2011). Amla is a nutritious and an important dietary source of vitamin C, minerals, and amino acids. ...
This study investigated the effect of the Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment on the plant stem callus of Mandukparni (Centella asiatica), Katsarika (Baleria cristata), and Amla (Phyllanthus emblica). Each stem cell callus and MS liquid media were divided into two parts. One part of each was denoted as control. The other part was received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample. The weight of mandukparni callus was significantly increased by 8.5% in Biofield Energy Treated group (304.5 mg) compared to control group (280.6 mg). Furthermore, weight of katsarika stem cell callus was significantly increased by 38.6% in Biofield Energy Treated group (448.7 mg) compared to control (323.7 mg). The weight of amla stem cell callus was significantly raised by 41.4% in the Biofield Energy Treated group (403 mg) compared to control group (285 mg). Overall, the data suggest that there was a significant growth and yields of plants callus after treatment with the Biofield Energy. Therefore, The Trivedi Effect® - Consciousness Energy Healing approach could be useful for the production of more active constituents present in the three plants callus in a cost-effective manner and can be useful for food and dietary supplements, flavoring and coloring agents, cosmetics and fragrance products.
... The qualitative test revealed the presence of tannins, phenols and flavonoids known for their antihyperglycemic activity. [16][17][18] Fractionation of the extract by the separation technique in cold alcohol yielded ...
Context and purpose: The roots of B. ferruginea are used in traditional Togo medicine in the treatment of diabetes. Studies have shown that leaves have a low antihyperglycemic effect. This study aims to improve the effect of leaves. Methods: The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves underwent a fractionation (separation in cold alcohol) and an OGTT (Oral Glucose tolerance test) on healthy mice, a phytochemical screening and antioxidant tests (in vitro: DPPH and ex vivo: AAPH) were performed on the extract and its fractions. Results: Phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins as well as the absence of condensed tannins, alkaloids, saponosides and anthracene derivatives. The extract also showed antioxidant activity. The supernatant fraction showed antihyperglycemic activity at 100 mg / kg in the 30th and 60th after glucose administration. Phytochemical screening of the supernatant revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins. The supernatant also showed more pronounced antioxidant activity than the total extract. Conclusion: In view of these results, the most active fraction obtained by the separation technique in cold alcohol is the supernatant.
Objective: Herb-based restorative items have been recognized since prehistoric times, and a few therapeutic herbs and their active constituents were utilized for controlling diabetes in numerous people around the world. However, minimal toxicological data exist concerning conventional anti-diabetic plants. Several synthetic oral hypoglycemic agents are the essential treatment types for diabetes. As it may, apparent symptoms of similar medicament are the primary explanation behind an extended number of individuals looking for voluntary remedies that may have less severe or no reactions. This paper attempted to list the herbs with anti-diabetic and associated advantageous impacts from various parts of the world and polyherbal extractions. These herb’s impacts can defer diabetic difficulties and give a more basis of antioxidants they are acknowledged for preventing/postponing diverse ailing states. The literature review was carried out in a scientific database using diabetes, anti-diabetic agents, and phytotherapy to manage diabetes by plant-based medicine as the keywords. To overcome the research gap, optimizing phytotherapy in the management of diabetes by plant-based medicine is regarded as a good target for anti-diabetic agents to design the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes is the world’s quick aborning emergent, and this disorder’s information will increase similar additional acceptable therapies. Traditional plant medicines are used throughout the world for diabetes. Therefore, studying such drugs will provide the natural key to unlocking a scientist in the future.The review focused on alternative medicine to cure kinds of diabetes problems using herbal preparation.
The current investigation was carried out to confirm the antihyperglycemic, cytotoxic, neuropharmacological, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of Vernonia elaeagnifolia leaves in different experimental models. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the plant extract demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) antihyperglycemic activity by reducing the elevated blood glucose level in mice at both doses (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) when compared to the control groups. The crude ethanolic leaf extract, however, didn’t afford to block the α-glucosidase enzyme up to 0.5 mg/mL. The experimental mice showed a noticeable (p <0.001) decrease in locomotor and exploratory activities in the hole cross and open field tests, as well as head dipping in the hole-board test model in the neuropharmacological activity assay at both doses (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg). The extracts also showed cytotoxic activity in a brine shrimp lethality bioassay with an LC50 of 91.929 μg/mL and showed significant concentration-dependent anticoagulant activity (p<0.001). Moreover, the extract (10–500 mg/kg) caused a significant (P<0.01 – 0.001) dose-dependent reduction of inflammation induced in rats by using two different models: formalin-induced paw edema and egg-albumin-induced paw edema. From the above results, the crude extract of V. elaeagnifolia DC leaves have significant pharmacological potential in different in vitro and in vivo study model. So, it could be a source of a substance for isolating lead that could be used to treat several diseases.
Barleria albostellata C.B. Clarke (grey barleria, Acanthaceae) is an indigenous shrub to South Africa and has been relatively understudied. This shrub is a valuable medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Detailed studies on the floral and pollen morphology on B. albostellata are rare. This study was conducted to observe the morphology of the flower and pollen grains using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphological observations showed numerous non-glandular trichomes on the bracteoles and bracts of B. albostellata. Three types of trichomes were identified on these structures: I—unicellular, II—multangulate-dendritic branched non-glandular trichomes, and III—capitate glandular trichomes. A taxonomical description of the floral structures using stereo and SEM micrographs is provided. SEM micrographs revealed the pollen grains as globose tricolporate with a rough honeycomb exine, and small granules inside the lumina. The diameter of the pollen grains was 77.53 ± 5.63 μm, whereas the aperture of these grains was 14.31 ± 0.59 µm. This study provides insight into the floral biology of B. albostellata, and the results presented here will add to the body of knowledge and encourage further research on this species.
Barleria albostellata (Acanthaceae) is a shrub located in South Africa and is relatively understudied. However, plants within this genus are well known for their medicinal and ethnopharmacological properties. This study aimed to characterise the phytochemical compounds and antibacterial efficacies of B. albostellata. Phytochemical analysis, fluorescence microscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were performed to determine the composition of compounds that may be of medicinal importance. Crude leaf and stem extracts (hexane, chloroform and methanol) were subjected to an antibacterial analysis against several pathogenic microorganisms. The qualitative phytochemical screening of leaf and stem extracts revealed the presence various compounds. Fluorescence microscopy qualitatively assessed the leaf and stem powdered material, which displayed various colours under bright and UV light. GC-MS chromatograms represents 10–108 peaks of various compounds detected in the leaf and stem crude extracts. Major pharmacologically active compounds found in the extracts were alpha-amyrin, flavone, phenol, phytol, phytol acetate, squalene and stigmasterol. Crude extracts positively inhibited Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Significance was established at p < 0.05 for all concentrations and treatments. These results indicate that the leaves and stems of B. albostellata are rich in bioactive compounds, which could be a potential source of antibacterial agents for treating various diseases linked to the pathogenic bacteria studied. Future discoveries from this plant could advance the use of indigenous traditional medicine and provide novel drug leads.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the chemical composition and therapeutic effect of Ocimum gratissimum on alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats. The vitamin and mineral compositions were determined using standard methods. Sixteen rats were divided into four groups made of four rats each. Group A served as the control normal rat, while groups B, C and D were induced with diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate with a dose of 80mg/kg body weight. Group B (untreated diabetic control), while group C and D received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weights of Ocimum gratissimum. The extract was administered through oral intubation. The results showed high contents of vitamin A 6.34±0.01, vitamin E 0.546±0.0052 and vitamin C 0.5267± 0.005 respectively in the ethanol leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum. No death was recorded in the acute toxicity test. Blood samples were collected by vein puncture after fasting overnight and standard methods were used for the determination of fasting blood glucose and lipid profile. The results showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the blood glucose level when compared to the untreated diabetic control. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in triglyceride, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein level of the diabetic control compared to all the treated groups and control while the HDL decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared to treated and normal control that increase significantly (P<0.05).
This study was conducted in at the Biotechnology Research Center / Nahrain University / Baghdad Governorate, for the period 2/8/2020 to 15/9/2020, the follow of the effects of dosing with ethanolic extract of pomegranate peels on 30 male rats of (2-3) months of age and weights (170-220 g) were included, it was divided into two parts, one of which is intact and the other in which diabetes was introduced by using alloxan at a concentration (90 mg / kg) of body weight, The results showed of the biological study that the development of experimental diabetes showed significant increase (P <0.05) in the concentrations of Glucose, Total cholesterol (TC), Trigleserid (TG), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and the enzymes of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (AST و ALT), and malonedialdehyde concentration (MDA), Compared with a intact control group, while it led to a significant decrease (P <0.05) in body weight, insulin concentration, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), in the affected control group. Dosing in intact rats with ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel at a concentration of 75 and 150 mg / kg of body weight led to a significant decrease in the concentrations of glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C, as well as AST, ALT, and MDA enzymes, compared with a healthy control group, Significant increase in body weight, insulin and HDL-C concentrations for all treatments compared with the healthy control group. Dosing of diabetic rats with ethanolic extract of pomegranate peels at a concentration of 75 and 150 mg / kg of body weight led to a significant decrease in the concentrations of glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C, as well as AST, ALT, and MDA enzymes, compared with the infected and untreated control group, a significant increase in body weight, insulin and HDL-C concentrations, for all treatments, compared with the affected control group.
Uvaria chamae P. Beauv is known as a key shrub species providing several goods and services for sustaining livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its great medicinal importance for local communities, little is known about its conservation status and sustainable management strategies regarding the current overexploitation of the species’ fruits through traditional agroforestry systems. Here, we addressed a global systematic review of the current state of knowledge on several aspects of research of U. chamae for setting further breeding programmes and conservation initiatives. A total of 744 publications were identified based on the extensive bibliometric review of its sustainable management and conservation status over the last three decades (1991-2021) through existing online databases. Only 257 publications were finally included in the current review after deep scrutinization which were in line with several aspects of the conservation ecology and management of U. chamae in Africa. All retained papers came globally from the five sub-regions, and particularly 13 countries in Africa. Most of them were recorded in West Africa (n = 245) compared to the other sub-regions where few studies exist on this intensively harvested shrub species. Approximately 89% of the retained publications came from five of West African countries including Nigeria (n = 151), Benin (n = 30), Côte d'Ivoire (n = 18), Guinea (n = 16), and Togo (n = 14). In-depth bibliometric analysis revealed critical knowledge gaps on U. chamae in terms of its geographic distribution; conservation status; tree growth, productivity and propagation; morphological diversity; molecular genetic diversity; reproductive biology; ecophysiological performances; socio-economic importance; biochemical analysis; and structural characterization. The current review paves the way for developing further long-term management programs of U. chamae in Africa.
Plant species belonging to the family Acanthaceae are globally known to possess various medicinal properties and have cultural and economic importance in both traditional medicine and horticulture. They are important to both animals and humans and are used as food or for ornamental purposes worldwide. Barleria is the third largest genus in the family Acanthaceae. A few of the highly important and reported species of Barleria include B. prionitis, B. cristata, B. grandiflora, and B. lupulina. The flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and seed extracts of plants belonging to this genus are rich in bioactive compounds and have exhibited significant medicinal potential for the treatment of various ailments and infections. Evidence derived from several studies has demonstrated the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antiamoebic, antihelminthic, antiarthritic, antihypertensive, antiviral properties and toxicity of extracts, in addition inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and biosynthesis of nanoparticles, of the plant and seed extracts of species belonging to Barleria. Studies have reported that bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, quinones, iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, the immunostimulant protein “Sankaranin”, and antibiotics isolated from Barleria species are resposnsible for the above biological activities. Traditionally, the genus Barleria has significant medicinal potential; however, there is a scarcity of information on various species that are yet to be evaluated. This review provides a comprehensive report on existing literature, concerning the phytochemistry and biological activities of the genus Barleria.
Barleria lupulina Lindl. (Acanthaceae) as an ornamental plant has been widely used in folklore medicine due to its abundancy in polyphenolic compounds. The present study examined conditions for optimal extraction of antioxidants from B. lupulina leaf extracts by using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. The effects of ethanol concentrations, microwave power, and extraction time on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were investigated by single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to observe interactions of three independent variables (ethanol concentrations, microwave power, and extraction time) on the dependent variables (TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS) to establish optimal extraction conditions. Quadratic polynomial equations in all experimental models yielded favorably with fitted models with R2 and R2adj of more than 0.90 and a non-significant lack of fit at p > 0.05. The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidant activity were established at 80% (v/v) ethanol, 400 W, and 30 s with TPC (238.71 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample), TFC (58.09 mg QE/g sample), DPPH (87.95%), and ABTS (89.56%). Analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) successfully identified four new phenylethanoid glycoside compounds in the species.
The Himalayas are globally renowned for their unique biodiversity and healing properties. Traditionally employed by the local healers and inhabitants, Himalayan plants hold a tremendous therapeutic potential as revealed by a number of ethnomedicinal studies conducted in different regions of the Himalayas. Owing to their distinct climatic and topographic conditions, plants growing in the Himalayas have evolved to adapt to their unique environment and are considered to be reservoirs of bioactive secondary metabolites. As a result, Himalayan plants are in great demand by pharmaceutical companies. In fact, due to their increased efficacy as well as their low toxicity, herbal and plant-derived products are nowadays highly in demand. Therefore, this work aimed to highlight and document the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological properties of Himalayan plant species.
Wound healing is a process that starts with the inflammatory response after the occurrence of any damage. This process initiates by restoring the wound surface coating tissue, migrating fibro-blasts to form the required collagen, forming a healing tissue and finally, leading to contortion and extraction of the wound. Today, various drugs are used to heal wounds. However, the drugs used to repair wounds have some defects and side effects. In spite of all attempts to accelerate wound healing definitely, no safe drug has been introduced for this purpose. Therefore, the necessity to identify herbal plants in ethnopharmacology and ethnobotany documents with healing effects is essential. In this article, we tried to review and present effective Iranian medicinal plants and herbal compounds used for wound healing. Searching was performed on databases, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, ISC, SID, Magiran and some other databases. The keywords used included wound healing, skin treatment, medicinal plants, ethnobotany, and phytotherapy. In this regard, 139 medicinal plants effective on wound healing were identified based on ethnopharmacology and ethno-botanical sources of Iran. Plants such as Salvia officinalis, Echium amoenum, Verbascum spp., G1ycyrrhiza glabra, Medicago sativa, Mentha pulegium, Datura stramonium L., Alhagi spp., Aloe vera, Hypericum perforatum, Pistacia atlantica and Prosopis cineraria are the most important and useful medicinal plants used for wound healing in Iran. These native Iranian medicinal plants are rich in antioxidants and biological compounds and might be used for wound healing and preparation of new drugs.
Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of Gloriosa superba Linn. leaves extract. Methods: Gloriosa superba leaf extract (GSLE) at doses 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg was administered to glucose (1 mg/kg) loaded rats. Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were also investigated with same doses of the extract for 21 days. Various biochemical parameters like cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), total proteins, urea, creatinine, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and body weight were also analyzed. On the 21 st day, the animals were sacrificed for histopathological examination. Results: A significant (P<0.01) reduction in blood glucose level was observed at 150 and 300 mg/kg doses of extract in glucose loaded as well as STZ induced diabetic rats. The extract also showed significant increase in the body weight and HDL levels and decrease in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels. Conclusion: The results show that GSLE possess potential anti-diabetic activity.
Barleria albostellata (Acanthaceae), is a valuable medicinal plant with a broad spectrum of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to characterize the micromorphology, distribution, and chemical composition of the trichomes present on the leaves and stems of B. albostellata using light and electron microscopy and histochemistry. Morphological observations using stereo and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a dense indumentum bearing numerous non-glandular trichomes on the leaves and stems of B. albostellata. The histochemical and SEM analyses revealed the presence of five morphologically distinct glandular capitate trichome types, multangulate-dendritic branched (MDB) non-glandular trichomes and a glandular head attached to a branched non-glandular trichome. Transmission electron micrographs showed that numerous plastids, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum cisternae were actively involved in the secretory process. The stained leaf and stem sections indicated the presence of alkaloids and phenolics as the major medicinal compounds in glandular and non-glandular trichomes. To our knowledge, this study represents the first detailed report describing the key micromorphological features of the foliar structures of B. albostellata as well as the preliminary chemical composition of the secretions produced by these structures.
Citation Y Janapati, R Ahemad, K Jayaveera, R Reddy. Anti-diabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Holostemma ada Kodien Schults in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Abstract Object: To evaluate antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Holostemma ada Kodien Schults (EEHK) in normal, glucose fed , alloxan-induced diabetic rats and to perform phytochemical and toxicity studies. Material and Methods: The alcoholic extract ofHolostemma ada Kodien (Asclepiadaceae) was studied for antidiabetic activity in normal, glucose fed and alloxan-induced diabetic rats by oral administration of extract (200 and 400 mg/kg body wt) for 7 days. The effect was compared with 0.5 mg/kg (i.p) glibenclamide.Results: The alcoholic extract ofHolostemma ada Kodien significantly lowered the blood sugar of hyperglycemic rats. From toxicity study it was observed that EEHK was non toxic upto 5 g/kg body weight and phytochemical studies shows the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, flavanones, tannins, terpenoids, amino acids and carbohydrates.Conclusion: The results justified the traditional use in the treatment of diabetes.
The minor iridoid glucosides present in the aerial parts of Barleria lupulina Lindl. ( Acanthaceae ) have been identified as ipolamiidoside (7) and the new compound 6-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester (3). The structure of (3) was determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods, and was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray structure determination. Crystals of (3) are orthorhombic P212121, a 43.75(1), b 8.151(3), c 5.695(2) Å, Z 4. The crystal structure was determined at 295 K from diffractometer data [I528 reflections with I > 3σ(I)] and refined to a residual of 0.043. Shanzhiside methyl ester (1) and its 6-Oacetyl (3), 8-Oacetyl (2) and 6,8-O,O-diacetyl (4) derivatives, all of which occur in Barleria lupulina, have been found to inhibit the growth of wheat embryos.
In addition ot the known compounds, barlerin, acetylbarlerin, shanzhiside methyl ester, acetylshanzhiside methyl ester and ipolamiidoside, four iridoid glucosides isolated from the leaves of Barleria lupulina have been identified as 6-O-p-methoxy-cis-cinnamoyl-8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester, 6-O-p-methoxy-trans-cinnamoyl-8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester, 6-O-p-cis-coumaroyl-8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester and 6-O-p-trans-coumaroyl-8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester.
From the aerial part of Barleria lupulina, 8-O-acetyl-6-O-trans-p-coumaroylshanzhiside, saletpangponosides A–C and 8-O-acetylmussaenoside were isolated together with 13 known compounds. The structural elucidations were based on analyses of physical and spectroscopic data.
Barleria lupulina Lindl. and Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau, both belonging to the family Acantaceae, are well-known medicinal plants used in Thai folklore medicine. Virucidal effects of organic extracts of these two plants against herpes simplex virus type 2 strain G, HSV-2 (G), the standard HSV-2 strain were noted. The extracts were assessed for intracellular activities against HSV-2 (G) and five clinical HSV-2 isolates. B. lupulina extract exhibited activity against all five isolates but not the standard strain while that of C. nutans did not show any activity against these viruses as determined by plaque inhibition assay. When the activities were verified by yield reduction assay, anti-HSV-2 activities of B. lupulina extract were observed against HSV-2 (G) as well. The results suggest a therapeutic potential of B. lupulina but not C. nutans against HSV-2.
Human judgments of the sweetness of sucrose solutions were significantly reduced by an aqueous-alcohol extract from the leaves of the rhamnaced tree, Ziziphus jujuba, but were not changed in quality category. Both water soluble and water insoluble portions were taste-active. Fractionation of the water soluble portion of the extract by solvent partition yielded an active fraction with saponin properties. Ziziphus jujuba contains a taste modifier which can be used as a tool in taste research.
Blood glucose and total lipid levels in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were determined after intraperitoneal administration of a methanolic extract of Prunus davidiana Fr. stems and its main component, prunin (= naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside). From the data obtained it was concluded that intraperitoneal administration of the methanolic extract and prunin produced a significant hypoglycemic effect. Total blood lipids were also decreased by these substances. Thus, it is suggested that this methanolic extract contains one or more hypoglycemic principles including the main flavanone glycoside, prunin, which can significantly reduce the levels of blood glucose and total lipids in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
This review summarises the literature on the antidiabetic activity of 343 medicinal plants reputed in the indigenous system of medicine or in which the pharmacological activity has been scientifically demonstrated. The data are presented in tabular form. The table reflects the plant parts involved, the nature of the extracts used and the names of the active principles with their structures where known. The pharmacological activities of some of the extracts or of the active principles isolated from these plants are also described.
The effect of tormentic acid, a natural product isolated from Poterium ancistroides, was studied in normoglycemic, hyperglycemic, and streptozotocin diabetic rats. This principle lowered the fasting plasma glucose level with a corresponding increase in circulating insulin levels. Moreover, it improved the glucose tolerance test by increasing insulin secretory response to glucose. However, tormentic acid did not change the insulin and glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. All effects have been compared with that of glibenclamide. These results suggest that tormentic acid, like glibenclamide, may act by increasing insulin secretion from the islets of Langerhans.
Oral administration of alcoholic extract of leaves of O. sanctum led to marked lowering of blood sugar level in normal, glucose fed hyperglycemic and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Further the extract potentiated the action of exogenous insulin in normal rats. The activity of the extract was 91.55 and 70.43% of that of tolbutamide in normal and diabetic rats respectively.
Hypoglycaemic, antihyperglycaemic and hypolipidemic activities of the aqueous and 50% ethanolic extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Leguminosae) seeds were studied in normal and streptozotocin (SZ)-diabetic rats. In normal rats, both the extracts exhibited hypoglycaemic activity as early as 4 h after administration at a lower dose of 100 mg/kg. The hypoglycaemia produced by the aqueous extract was of prolonged duration as compared to ethanolic extract. In diabetic rats, both the extracts produced significant (P < 0.01) antihyperglycaemic effect from day 5 onwards. Aqueous extract also exhibited antihypercholesterolemic and antihypertriglyceridemic effects in SZ-diabetic rats. These results suggest that C. bonducella seeds possess an antidiabetic principle and can be useful for treatment of diabetes. Further studies are warranted to fractionate the active principle and to find out its exact mechanism of action.
A number of Thai medicinal plants, recommended as remedies for herpesvirus infection and have been used in primary health care were investigated for their intracellular activities against herpes simplex viruses (HSV). Centella asiatica L., Maclura cochinchinensis Cornor, and Mangifera indica L. contained both anti-HSV-1 and -2 activities, as determined by plaque inhibition assay. An inhibition of the production of infectious HSV-2 virions from infected Vero cells could also be demonstrated. Combinations of each of these reconstituted extracts with 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanosine (acyclovir; ACV) resulted either in subadditive, additive, or synergistic interaction, against HSV-2, depending on the dose of ACV used; mixture of C. asiatica and M. indica exerted an additive effect in a similar assay. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of these plant extracts were also substantiated by flow cytometric analysis of virus-specific antigens in the infected cells. The active constituent present in C. asiatica extract was determined to be asiaticoside while in M. indica was mangiferin. Thus, these data suggest therapeutic potential of these plant extracts.
From the aerial part of Barleria lupulina, 8-O-acetyl-6-O-trans-p-coumaroylshanzhiside, saletpangponosides A-C and 8-O-acetylmussaenoside were isolated together with 13 known compounds. The structural elucidations were based on analyses of physical and spectroscopic data.
IN the clinical field it is of importance to have a rapid and exact method for glucose determinations. In order to avoid the non-specific reduction methods, a coupling reaction was worked out utilizing the conjugation of aldoses and ketoses with meta-aminophenol in acetic acid. After some preliminary experiments1, a routine method was described2. The method has been used for some time in this laboratory and has proved satisfactory; but, because of the necessarily long boiling time of 30 min., and the fact that the whole range of urine sugar concentration cannot be read without dilution of the urine, it was considered an advantage to have a reagent giving a more rapid reaction and a wider range. Many aromatic amines have been tested; of these, one of the most suitable was ortho-toluidine, for which the optimal boiling time is 8 min. (Fig. 1). It gives a blue-green colour with maximum absorption at 6250 A. and is fairly specific for aldosugars (Fig. 2). Blood treated with glucose oxidase gave readings corresponding to 0-4 mgm. glucose per 100 ml. blood. With this reagent glucose quantities of 10-400 µgm. can be read directly in a Beckman B photometer.
Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Biomedical Data
- Woodson
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Hypoglycaemic effect of Zizyphus ju-juba leaves Fundamental of Experimental Pharma-cology
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A, Kelestimur F, Koker AH, Ustun H, Tekol Y, Ustdal M (1995) Hypoglycaemic effect of Zizyphus ju-juba leaves. J Pharm Pharmacol 47: 72–74 Ghosh MN (1984). Fundamental of Experimental Pharma-cology, 2nd Edn. Scientific Book Agency, Calcutta, India. pp 153 238.33 ± 4.83** 215.84 ± 3.75** (10.73) (11.18) (18.80) Each value represents Mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6).
Reduction of sweetness judgements by extracts from the leaves of Zizy-phus jujuba
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HL, Halpern BP, Dateo GP (1976). Reduction of sweetness judgements by extracts from the leaves of Zizy-phus jujuba. Physiol Behav 17: 313–317
Hypoglycemic and in-sulin release effects of tormentic acid: a new hypo-glycemic natural product Hypoglycemic properties of Bridelia ferrug-inea leaves Antidiabetic properties of Bridelia ferrug-inea leaves
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MD, Paya M, Villar A (1988) Hypoglycemic and in-sulin release effects of tormentic acid: a new hypo-glycemic natural product. Planta Med 54: 282–285 Iwu MM (1983) Hypoglycemic properties of Bridelia ferrug-inea leaves. Fitoterapia 54: 243–248 Iwu MM (1980) Antidiabetic properties of Bridelia ferrug-inea leaves. Planta Med 39: 247
Medicinal plants with hypo-glycemic activity Hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic activities of Caesalpi-nia bonducella seeds in rats
- Q-U Zaman
- Sharma
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Q-U, Zaman K (1989). Medicinal plants with hypo-glycemic activity. J Ethnopharmacol 26: 1–55 Sharma SR, Dwivedi SK, Swarup D (1997) Hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic activities of Caesalpi-nia bonducella seeds in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 58: 39–44
Antidiabetic properties of Bridelia ferruginea leaves
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Iridoid glucosides from Barleria lupulina
- Suksamran