No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Karyotype Analysis on Two Endemic Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) Species in Turkey
Abstract
In the present Research, the chromosome number and morphology of Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. and Salvia tchihatcheffii (Fisch and Mey) Boiss. were analyzed. These species are endemic o Turkey. The chromosomes number of Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. is 2n = 14, Salvia tchihatcheffii (Fisch and Mey) Boiss. is 2n = 18.
... Various studies about cytological data on Salvia taxa from Europe, America, Asia and Turkey demonstrated that Salvia has several basic chromosome numbers [n = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18 and 32] (Afzal-Rafii 1976; Haque and Ghoshal 1980;Haque 1981;Nakipoglu 1993aNakipoglu , 1993bOzdemir and Senel 1999;Tunamoto et al. 2000;Alberto et al. 2003;Zhiyun et al. 2004;Ozkan 2006;Ozkan and Soy 2007;Yang et al. 2009;Masoudi et al. 2010;Song et al. 2010;Martin et al. 2011;Sheidai and Alijanpoo 2011). However, there were no detailed chromosome and karyotype studies of the taxa in this study. ...
... On the other hand, there were no satellites and B chromosomes observed in this study. Similarly, the study conducted by Ozkan (2006) showed that Salvia taxa do not have satellites and B type chromosomes. However, several studies found that Salvia taxa have B type chromosomes (Nakipoglu 1993a(Nakipoglu , 1993bAlberto et al. 2003;Yang et al. 2009 (Martin et al. 2011(Martin et al. , 2015Kharazian 2014). ...
... The study determined that Salvia taxa have x = 7, 9, 11 and 16 chromosomes. Earlier studies indicated that Salvia species have n = 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,16, 18 and 32 (Afzal-Rafii 1971, 1972, 1980Van Loon and Snelders 1979;Lovkvist and Hultgard 1999;Kandemir 2003;Zhiyun et al. 2004;Ozkan 2006;Ozkan and Soy 2007;Masoudi et al. 2010;Martin et al. 2011;Kharazian 2014). The basic chromosome numbers of 6, 7 and 8 may be regarded as primary, and the other numbers are assumed to be of secondary basis (Haque 1981). ...
The aim of this study is to determine of the some karyological properties and chromosome numbers of eight Salvia taxa (S. euphratica var. euphratica, S. euphratica var. leicalycina, S. hypargeia, S. candidissima subsp. candidissima, S. frigida, S. virgata, S. suffruticosa, and S. verticillata subsp. verticillata) from Turkey. The ploidy levels, karyotype formula, chromosome length range, total karyotype length, several karyotype asymmetry values, Stebbins classification and the A1 and A2 were a determined in this study. Also, Pearson correlations between the karyotype asymmetries of the Salvia taxa were calculated and dispersion diagram was formed. It was determined that the Salvia taxa had 2n = 14, 18, 22 and 32. The basic chromosome number of x = 7 may be regarded as primary, the others (x = 9, 11, 16) are estimated to be secondary basis. Based on Stebbins classification, it was found that S. euphratica subsp. euphratica was 1A, S. hypergeia and S. suffruticosa were 3A and the other taxa were 2A. The taxa had median point (M), median (m), submedian (sm), subterminal (st) chromosomes. There were no observed satellites and B chromosomes in the studied taxa.
... The purpose of this study is to determine the chromosome numbers, karyological characteristics and karyotype assymetry of seven Salvia (S. ceratophylla, S. syriaca, S. palaestina, S. aethiopis, S. russellii, S. multicaulis, S. trichoclada) taxa. Previous karyotype and chromosome studies showed that Salvia species had diverse chromosome numbers ranging from 2n=12 to 2n= 64 (Afzal-Rafii 1976, 1980, Hedge 1982, Haque and Ghoshal 1980, Haque 1981, Nakipoğlu 1993a, b, Tunamoto et al. 2000, Alberto et al. 2003, Zhiyun et al. 2004, Ozkan 2006, Ozkan and Soy 2007, Yang et al. 2009, Masoudi et al. 2010, Zhen-Qiao et al. 2010, Sheidai and Alijanpoo 2011, Martin et al. 2011. ...
... Several karyological studies have showed that Salvia. taxa have 2n=12-64 chromosome numbers (Afzal-Rafii 1976, 1980, Haque and Ghoshal 1980, Haque 1981, Nakipoğlu 1993a, b, Ozdemir and Senel 1999, Tunamoto et al. 2000, Alberto et al. 2003, Zhiyun et al. 2004, Ozkan 2006, Ozkan and Soy 2007, Yang et al. 2009, Masoudi et al. 2010, Zhen-Qiao et al. 2010, Sheidai and Alijanpoo 2011, Martin et al. 2011. Although cytological studies are abundant, karyological studies about Salvia taxa growing in Turkey are little (Martin et al. 2011(Martin et al. , 2015. ...
... Also, Salvia taxa have median point (M), median (m), submedian (sm) and subterminal (st) chromosome in the study (Table 2). Similarly, various studies have reported that Salvia taxa have median point (M), median (m), submedian (sm), subterminal (st) chromosomes Nakipoğlu 1993a, b, Ozdemir and Senel 1999, Ozkan 2006, Martin et al. 2011, 2015. The study conducted by Ozkan (2006) revealed that Salvia taxa did not have satellites and B type chromosomes. ...
This study presents a more detailed karyological analysis of seven Salvia L. taxa (S. ceratophylla, S. syriaca, S. palaestina, S. aethiopis, S. russellii, S. multicaulis, S. trichoclada) grown in Turkey. Also, this is the first chromosome number report for S. russellii and S. trichoclada. This study revealed that the chromosome numbers of the examined Salvia taxa were 2n=14, 18, 22 and 32. The Salvia taxa had median point (M), median (m), submedian (sm) and subterminal (st) chromosomes in the study. Furthermore, various karyotype asymmetry values, ploidy levels, karyotype formula, chromosome length range, total karyotype length, A1, A2 and Stebbins classification were determined in this study. On the other hand, Pearson correlations between the karyotype asymmetries of these Salvia taxa were determined and a dispersion diagram was formed by using A1 and A2. Furthermore, this study suggested that the examined Salvia taxa were 2A and only S. trichoclada was 3A.
... The purpose of this study is to determine the chromosome numbers, karyological characteristics and karyotype assymetry of seven Salvia (S. ceratophylla, S. syriaca, S. palaestina, S. aethiopis, S. russellii, S. multicaulis, S. trichoclada) taxa. Previous karyotype and chromosome studies showed that Salvia species had diverse chromosome numbers ranging from 2n=12 to 2n= 64 (Afzal-Rafii 1976, 1980, Hedge 1982, Haque and Ghoshal 1980, Haque 1981, Nakipoğlu 1993a, b, Tunamoto et al. 2000, Alberto et al. 2003, Zhiyun et al. 2004, Ozkan 2006, Ozkan and Soy 2007, Yang et al. 2009, Masoudi et al. 2010, Zhen-Qiao et al. 2010, Sheidai and Alijanpoo 2011, Martin et al. 2011. ...
... Several karyological studies have showed that Salvia. taxa have 2n=12-64 chromosome numbers (Afzal-Rafii 1976, 1980, Haque and Ghoshal 1980, Haque 1981, Nakipoğlu 1993a, b, Ozdemir and Senel 1999, Tunamoto et al. 2000, Alberto et al. 2003, Zhiyun et al. 2004, Ozkan 2006, Ozkan and Soy 2007, Yang et al. 2009, Masoudi et al. 2010, Zhen-Qiao et al. 2010, Sheidai and Alijanpoo 2011, Martin et al. 2011. Although cytological studies are abundant, karyological studies about Salvia taxa growing in Turkey are little (Martin et al. 2011(Martin et al. , 2015. ...
... Also, Salvia taxa have median point (M), median (m), submedian (sm) and subterminal (st) chromosome in the study (Table 2). Similarly, various studies have reported that Salvia taxa have median point (M), median (m), submedian (sm), subterminal (st) chromosomes Nakipoğlu 1993a, b, Ozdemir and Senel 1999, Ozkan 2006, Martin et al. 2011, 2015. The study conducted by Ozkan (2006) revealed that Salvia taxa did not have satellites and B type chromosomes. ...
... In addition there are the papers dealing with glandular hairs and essential oil characteristics of Salvia species (Venkatachalam et al., 1984; Chakalov et al., 1993; Serrato-Valenti et al., 1997; Bisio et al., 1999; Corsi and Bottega, 1999; Kaya et al., 2003; Avato et al., 2005; Krstic et al., 2006). Any morphological and anatomical study has not been found in the literature, except the main morphological knowledge (Hedge, 1982) and caryological properties (Ozkan, 2006) of Salvia tchihatcheffii. ...
... & Mey.) Boiss. has been found in the literature except general taxonomical properties of the taxon (Hedge, 1982; Dönmez, 2001) and caryological properties (Ozkan, 2006 ...
... In addition there are the papers dealing with glandular hairs and essential oil characteristics of Salvia species (Venkatachalam et al., 1984; Chakalov et al., 1993; Serrato-Valenti et al., 1997; Bisio et al., 1999; Corsi and Bottega, 1999; Kaya et al., 2003; Avato et al., 2005; Krstic et al., 2006). Any morphological and anatomical study has not been found in the literature, except the main morphological knowledge (Hedge, 1982) and caryological properties (Ozkan, 2006) of Salvia tchihatcheffii. In this study, we aimed to introduce the morphological and anatomical characters of endemic S. tchihatcheffii in detail. ...
In this study, the morphological and anatomical properties of Salvia tchihatcheffii (Fisch. & Mey.) Boiss. (Lamiaceae) which is endemic to Turkey was investigated. S. tchihatcheffii has a perennial taproot. In contrast to the other Salvia species that was investigated before the plant has two different stem as fertile and sterile stem with round in shape. Sterile stem is prostrate, leafy, fertile stem is procumbent-ascending, unbranched. The stamen type of the plant is A. We observed that in cross-section sterile stem three different cortex layer, with one of them is formed as crescent shape. In addition, the glandular hairs of the investigated species are classified. Other anatomical features are discussed too. The results are presented with photographs, drawings and tables. INTRODUCTON Many species of Lamiaceae are aromatic and often used as herbs, spices, folk medicines and a source of fra-grance (Werker et al., 1985). Salvia, the largest genus of the family Lamiaceae, represents an enormous and cos-mopolitan assemblage of nearly 1000 species displaying a remarkable range of variation. The genus comprises 500 specie. in Central and South America, 250 species in Central Asia/Mediterranean and 90 species in Eastern Asia (Walker et al., 2004). Turkey is a major diversity centre for Salvia in Asia (Vural and Adıguzel, 1996). Since the most recent works of the genus in Turkey, four new species have been described; the total has now reached 90. Forty seven of these Salvia species in Turkey are endemic (Hedge, 1982; Davis et al., 1988; Dönmez, 2001; Hamzaoglu et al., 2005). Salvia species are important group of useful plants which have not lose their importance since ancient times.
... In cytological studies carried out on Salvia species, it's been revealed that the species have different numbers of chromosome and this difference in choromosome number is relevant to the locations where they grow [5]. According to the studies conducted, it's observed that in Salvia species, the chromosme numbers are as 2n=14-18 by [6], 2n=14-16-20-22 by [7], 2n=14-20-22-32 by [5], 2n=14-18-22-28-32-60 by [8] and there are large variations in ploidy levels. In most species of Salvia, root tips can not be obtained from the seeds due to the fact that the seeds can not be germinated in most cases and it makes it hard to conduct cytological studies in these species. ...
Mediterranean sage (Salvia aethiopis L.) is a species being part of Lamiaceae family and important in terms of economic aspect. Caryological studies are important in developing this species and determining the hybridizarion process of this species with other ones. In this study, the root tips obtained after the germination with mature seeds have been pre-treated in the α-monobromonaphtalane solution and stained by aceto-orcein. According to the karyotype analysis applied, it has been observed that this species has a chromosome number equivalent of 2n=2x=22 (14m + 8 sm). It has been measured that the average length of chromosome regarding to this species is 2.043 µm, the longest arm lenght was 1.994 µm, the shortest arm lenght was 0.604 µm. Relative lenghts of chromosomes ranged between 3.22-6.73%. Arm ratios and centromeric index were changed between 1.140-2.120 and 0.320-0.468, respectively.
... In previous cytological studies on S. viridis, chromosome numbers were reported as 2n = 16 (Magulaev 1976;Afzal-Rafii 1976Markova and Ivanova 1982;Diez et al. 1984;Nakipoğlu 1993aNakipoğlu , 1993bÖzkan 2006). The same is true for the present study. ...
... In previous cytological studies on S. viridis, chromosome numbers were reported as 2n = 16 (Magulaev 1976;Afzal-Rafii 1976Markova and Ivanova 1982;Diez et al. 1984;Nakipoğlu 1993aNakipoğlu , 1993bÖzkan 2006). The same is true for the present study. ...
In this study, the karyotypes of mitotic chromosomes were determined of seven taxa of Salvia (Lamiaceae) collected from their natural habitats in Turkey: S. viridis (2n = 16), S. candidissima subsp. occidentalis (2n = 20), S. sclarea, S. ceratophylla, S. chionantha (2n = 22), S. viscosa and S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca (2n = 32). The karyotype formulae were 5m+3sm in S. viridis, 2M+5m+3sm in S. candidissima subsp. occidentalis, 1M+10m in S. sclarea, 8m+3sm in S. ceratophylla, 7m+4sm in S. chionantha, 9m+5sm+2st in S. viscosa, and 15m+1sm in S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca by the karyotype image analysis system. Somatic chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 16 to 2n = 32. The ideograms were drawn based on centromeric index and arranged in decreasing size order. The present results were compared with the previous cytological studies in the genus.
... In previous cytological studies on S. viridis, chromosome numbers were reported as 2n = 16 (Magulaev 1976;Afzal-Rafii 1976Markova and Ivanova 1982;Diez et al. 1984;Nakipoğlu 1993aNakipoğlu , 1993bÖzkan 2006). The same is true for the present study. ...
The taxa of the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) used in this study were collected from their natural habitats in Turkey. In this paper, the number, size and morphology of somatic chromosomes of 22 Turkish taxa of Salvia, namely S. bracteata Banks & Sol., S. fruticosa Mill., S. huberi Hedge, S. hydrangea DC. ex Benth., S. nemorosa L. and S. pomifera L. (2n = 14), S. adenocaulon P.H. Davis and S. aucheri Benth. subsp. canescens Boiss. & Heldr., (2n = 18), S. argentea L., S. frigida Boiss., S. palestina Benth., S. poculata Nábělek and S. verticillata L. subsp. verticillata (2n = 20), S. atropatana Bunge, S. cassia Sam. ex. Rech. f., S. chrysophylla Stapf, S. cyanescens Boiss. & Balansa, S. indica L. and S. limbata C.A.Mey. (2n = 22), S. multicaulis Vahl (2n = 28), S. virgata Jacq. (2n = 32) and S. verbenaca L. (2n = 60) were investigated. Somatic chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 14 to 2n = 60. The present results were compared with the previous cytological ones.
The chromosome numbers of eight Salvia L. species is reported. The taxa revealed the chromosome numbers varied between 2n = 14, 16, 20 and 22. The basic chromosome numbers of the studied species were x= 7,8,10 and 11. The ploidy level of all species was diploid and the chromosome numbers of four species are reported for the first time in Iran. The karyotype details of eight species mostly show the median point, median region, submedian region, subterminal region, terminal region, and terminal point chromosome centromeres which are reported for the first time in Iran.
The first step in cytogenetic research is the investigation on karyotypes of valuable species because this survey supplemented valuable information for plant breeder. In this research, karyotype of three drug plants such as Salvia officinalis L., Stachys byzantine L. and Dracocephalum molarica L. was studied in a completely randomized design with four replications (each replication included 10 samples). These plants were collected from different areas of East Azerbaijan province of Iran by agriculture experts. The aim of this research is to study karyology such as the number of chromosomes, length of each chromosome, length of long and short arms, and centromer index. Dracocephalum molarica has five pairs of chromosomes including three pairs of metacentric chromosomes and two pairs of sub-metacentric chromosomes. The length of chromosomes in this species is between 0.714 and 1.301 micron. The difference between chromosomes in respect of length is significant by Duncan's multiple range test at alpha=0.05 level. All chromosomes length was 9.914 micron in mitotic metaphase. One pair of chromosome has satellite at its end. Salvia officinalis L. has seven pairs of chromosomes and the average of all chromosomes length is 12.488 micron in mitotic metaphase. This species has three pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and four pairs of metacentric chromosomes. Stachys byzantine has four pairs of chromosomes and the mean of length is between 0.886 and 1.40 micron. This species has two pairs of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of sub-metacentric chromosome. There isn't any significant variation among individuals of Stachys byzantine L. and Dracocephalum molarica L. by multivariate analysis at alpha=0.05 level; however, variation was obtained among individuals of Salvia officinalis L. by multivariate analysis and discriminate analysis by wilks' Lambda statistics.
The present study reports the chromosome number of 12 accessions belonging to 10 species of Salvia from the Sichuan Province in China. Most accessions have the chromosome number 2n=2x=16. However, three species (S. evansiana, S. przewalskii and S. brevilabra) are tetraploid with a chromosome number of 2n=4x=32. A B-chromosome was observed in S. tricuspis. The basic chromosome number x=8 was inferred for all accessions studied. The chromosome number of all the species was determined for the first time, except for S. evansiana, S. przewalskii, S. flava and S. miltiorrhiza. The chromosomes in this genus are mostly small (0.46–2.94 μm). The small size of the chromosomes, together with their unclear centromeres, has hampered a detailed karyotype analysis.
Cytological studies were undertaken on Abrus precatorius L. and A. pulchellus Wall. with a view towards confirming the chromosome number of each species and determining their karyotypes. Roots from germinating seeds of each species were collected and pretreated with 0.002M 8-hydroxyquinoline before fixing in 1: 3 glacial acetic acid: absolute alcohol. Hydrolyzed root tips were subsequently stained and squashed in a drop of FLP-Orcein. The chromosome number of A. precatorius is observed to be 2n = 22 while that of A. pulchellus is 2n = 44. Both species possess metacentric, submetacentric and acrocentric chromosomes. Chromosome length in A. precatorius was observed to vary from 0.40 to 1.00 μm while in A. pulchellus, the range was from 0.50 to 1.40 μm. The total length of haploid complement of A. precatorius is 7.30 μm. This is approximately double the total length of haploid complement of 15.98 μm observed in A. pulchellus . Karyological details of these species which confirm that A. pulchellus is a polyploidy, are reported for the first time in this study.