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Production, Partial Characterization and Cloning of Thermostable α-amylase of a Thermophile Geobacillus thermoleovorans YN

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Abstract

In a molecular screening program to select a potent thermostable amylase from a previously isolated thermophiles, a locally isolated, thermophilic lipase-producing Geobacillus thermoleovorans YN (accession number AF385083), was shown to secrete a thermostable α-amylase constitutively. The optimal enzyme activity was measured at 75°C, where 90% of the activity was retained at 80°C after one hour of incubation. A catabolite repression due to the addition of glucose to the basal salt medium was demonstrated, while 4 folds increase in volumetric production was achieved in LB and starch-supplemented basal salt media and presented in SDS-PAGE and zymogram. A blunt end PCR fragment (2146 bp) was amplified from genomic DNA using a designed set of primers and ligated to Bluescript —II KS(+) vector, transformed to E. coli DH5-α competent cells by electroporation and screened on LB-agar plates induced with IPTG. Nucleotide sequencing of selected clone revealed two ORFs, the first was (GTG) with a molecular size 1649 nucleotides encoding 549aa residues of a predicted molecular weight 62.592 kD and the second (ATG) with a molecular size 1613 nucleotides encoding 537aa residues of a predicted molecular weight 61.04 kD.
... Many thermostable α-amylases from the genera Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus were characterized including: Anoxybacillus flavithermus (Bolton et al, 1997;Tawil et al. 2012;Agüloğlu Fincan et al. 2014;Ozdemir et al. 2015Ozdemir et al. , 2016a, Anoxybacillus amylolyticus (Poli et al. 2006) and Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus D504 and D621 (Ozdemir et al. 2016b), Anoxybacillus spp. KP1, SK3-4 (ASKA), DT3-1 (ADTA), TSSC-1, IB-A, AH1, and YIM 342 (Chai et al. 2012;Kikani and Singh 2012;Hauli et al. 2013;Güven 2014;Acer et al. 2015;Zhang et al. 2015) in addition to Geobacillus thermoleovorans MTCC 4220 (Gt-amyII), CCB_US3_UF5 (GTA ), YN, NP54 (Berekaa et al. 2007; Rao and Satyanarayana 2007;Mok et al. 2013;Mehta and Satyanarayana 2014), G. thermoleovorans subsp. stromboliensis Pizzo (amyA), (Finore et al. 2011), Geobacillus thermodenitrificans HRO10 (Ezeji and Bahl 2006), and Geobacillus sp. ...
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Among the thermophilic Bacillaceae family members, α-amylase production of 15 bacilli from genus Anoxybacillus was investigated, some of which are biotechnologically important. These Anoxybacillus α-amylase genes displayed ≥ 91.0% sequence similarities to Anoxybacillus enzymes (ASKA, ADTA and GSX-BL), but relatively lower similarities to Geobacillus (≤ 69.4% to GTA, Gt-amyII), and Bacillus aquimaris (≤ 61.3% to BaqA) amylases, all formerly proposed only in a Glycoside Hydrolase 13 (GH13) subfamily. The phylogenetic analyses of 63 bacilli-originated protein sequences among 93 α-amylases revealed the overall relationships within Bacillaceae amylolytic enzymes. All bacilli α-amylases formed 5 clades different from 15 predefined GH13 subfamilies. Their phylogenetic findings, taxonomic relationships, temperature requirements, and comparisonal structural analyses (including their CSR-I-VII regions, 12 sugar- and 4 calcium-binding sites, presence or absence of the complete catalytic machinery, and their currently unassigned status in a valid GH13 subfamiliy) revealed that these five GH13 α-amylase clades related to familly share some common characteristics, but also display differentiative features from each other and the preclassified ones. Based on these findings, we proposed to divide Bacillaceae related GH13 subfamilies into 5 individual groups: the novel a2 subfamily clustered around α-amylase B2M1-A (Anoxybacillus sp.), the a1, a3 and a4 subfamilies (including the representatives E184aa-A (Anoxybacillus sp.), ATA (Anoxybacillus tepidamans), and BaqA,) all of which were composed from the division of the previously grouped single subfamily around α-amylase BaqA, and the undefinite subfamily formerly defined as xy including Bacillus megaterium NL3.
... A gene encoding a thermostable α-amylase with the temperature optima of 75 • C from G. thermoleovorans YN cloned in Bluescript R II KS(+) vector in E. coli has been sequenced. The corresponding amino acid sequence showed 99% sequence similarity with the known α-amylases from different Bacilli and Geobacilli (Berekaa et al., 2007). Another α-amylase gene, Amy N, from B. licheniformis NH1 was also cloned and expressed in E. coli using pDEST17 expression system. ...
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... 2a, b), very close to that of Bacillus sp. YX-1, Thermus filiformis Ork A2 and G. thermoleovorans YN, Geobacillus thermodenitrificans HRO10, (Egas et al. 1998;Berekaa et al. 2007;Liu and Xu 2008;Ezeji and Bahl, 2006). However, under native conditions (gel filtration chromatography-Superdex S 200) the enzyme eluted at an apparent MW of 28 kDa. ...
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