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REDIA, XCII, 2009: 119-123
(1) Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; jmnien@unileon.es
(2) AphidNet, LLC, 18901 Tributary Ln, Gaithersburg MD 20879, USA.
(3) Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido
University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
(4) Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Fitosanitarie, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
(5) Biosystematics Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India.
(6) United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
20705, USA.
(7) Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,
China.
(8) Laboratory of Insect Taxonomy, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab., 1, 199034, Saint
Petersburg, Russia.
(9) Katedra Zoologii, Uniwersytet ´
Sl ˛aski, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowic, Poland.
Nieto Nafría J.M., Favret C., Akimoto S., Barbagallo S., Chakrabarti S., Mier Durante M.P., Miller G.L., Pérez
Hidalgo N., Qiao G.-X., Sano M., Stekolshchikov A.V., Wegierek P. – Several nomenclatural clarifications on
genus-group names in the Aphididae (Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha).
While preparing a proposal for a Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology devoted to the aphid genus-group
names, we found errors of nomenclatural importance for 95 names. We here present corrections and clarifications for
these genus-group names with precise reference to the rules of nomenclature established in the International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. We designate the type species of Myzoxylon Berthold, 1827 to be Myzoxilus
mali Blot, 1831 and propose its synonymy with Eriosoma Leach, 1818, and put forth Neorhopalosiphoninus Ghosh &
Raychauduri, 1968 as a substitute name for the unavailable Myzosiphon Hille Ris Lambers, 1946.
KEY WORD: Aphid genera, unavailable names, available names, new synonymy.
JUAN M. NIETO NAFRÍA (1) - COLIN FAVRET (2) - SHIN-ICHI AKIMOTO (3)
SEBASTIANO BARBAGALLO (4) - SAMIRAN CHAKRABARTI (5) - M. PILAR MIER DURANTE (1)
GARY L. MILLER (6) - NICOLÁS PÉREZ HIDALGO (1) - GE-XIA QIAO (7) - MASAKAZU SANO (3)
ANDREY V. STEKOLSHCHIKOV (8) - PIOTR WEGIEREK (9)
SEVERAL NOMENCLATURAL CLARIFICATIONS ON GENUS-GROUP NAMES
IN THE APHIDIDAE (HEMIPTERA STERNORRHYNCHA)
INTRODUCTION
The aphidologist community attending the Seventh
International Symposium on Aphids in Fremantle
(Western Australia, 2005) entrusted us with the prepara-
tion of a Part devoted to the aphid genus-group taxa
names of the List of Available Names in Zoology to be pre-
sented at the subsequent aphid symposium. During the
course of our work, and in this paper, the Aphididae
encompassed the taxonomic sense used by Remaudière,
Stroyan and Quednau (REMAUDIÈRE & REMAUDIÈRE,
1997). We relied heavily on the works of KIRKALDY (1905,
1906a, b, c), BAKER (1920), BÖRNER & SCHILDER (1930),
and especially EASTOP & HILLE RIS LAMBERS (1976, the
SURVEY) and REMAUDIÈRE & REMAUDIÈRE (1997, the
CATALOGUE). The importance of these publications is well
known and the paucity of errors (95) among the 1,227
available and 111 unavailable names listed therein is a tes-
tament to the quality of the works and the meticulousness
of the authors. However, in examining the original litera-
ture, we did find a few errors with significance for current
nomenclatural practice, per the fourth edition of the
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, hence-
forth the Code (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON
ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE, 1999, henceforth the
Commission; we reference the fourth edition throughout).
Historically, errors crept in at various stages of the trans-
mission of data from publication to publication, and
although some were corrected in later works, some
remain on record to this day.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
UNAVAILABLE NAMES
Unpublished names
Four names attributed to Aizen berg are unpublished
because the work (AIZENBERG, 1954) was printed “as a
manuscript” (Code articles 8.1.1 and 9.9). They are:
“Archicallis” – listed in the Catalogue as a synonym of
Tinocallis Matsumura –, “Ova topsis” – listed in the Survey
and in the Catalogue as a synonym of Tubaphis Hille Ris
Lambers –, and “Shaposhnikovia” and “Caricobium” both
listed in the Survey as without validly described species and
in the Catalogue as nomina nuda.
Authorship misattributions
“Rhopalosiphum” attributed to Passerini, “Rhopalo -
siphum” attributed to van der Goot, “Pachypappa” attrib-
uted to Tullgren and “Nevskya” attributed to Mamontova
– Received 30 July 2009 Accepted 2 September 2009 Published 1 December 2009
are listed in the Survey and in the Catalogue with these mis-
attributions, caused by faulty interpretation of the original
text. The genus Brevicoryne is currenlty attributed to van
der Goot, but it may be attributed to Das.
PASSERINI (1860: 27) attributed the genus Rhopalosiphum
to Koch, albeit in a different taxonomic sense, and desig-
nated Aphis persicae Sulzer as type species; this was an
invalid designation, however, because GERSTAEKER (1859:
162) had already designated a type, Aphis nymphaeae
Linnaeus. The error appeared for the first time in BÖRNER
(1952). In the Survey and Catalogue, this supposed genus
was considered a synonym of Nectarosiphon Schouteden.
VAN DER GOOT (1913: 146) also attributed the
Rhopalosiphum to Koch and also erroneously designated a
type species, Amphorophora ampullata Buckton (see
above). The error appeared for the first time in BÖRNER
(1952). In the Survey and Catalogue, this supposed genus
was considered a synonym of Amphorophora Buckton.
TULLGREN (1909: 69) described Pachypappa lactea,
attributing the genus to Koch but giving it an exaggerated
taxonomic breadth. BAKER (1920: 71) named a new genus,
Pachypappella with this species, and in his list of precedents
wrote “Pachypappa Tullgren” instead of “Pachypappa Koch
sensu Tullgren”. In the Survey and Catalogue, this supposed
“Pachypappa Tullgren” was considered a synonym of
Pachypappella Baker.
MAMONTOVA (1955: 9) cited Nevskya in combination
with mahaleb Koch, but presumably it was a misprint for
Nevskia Mordvilko, 1932, because there is not any expla-
nation about an emmendement in the article.
Brevicoryne is normally attributed to van der Goot
(EASTOP & HILLE RIS LAMBERS, 1976; REMAUDIÈRE &
REMAUDIÈRE, 1997), but VAN DER GOOT (1915), in estab-
lishing the genus wrote: «BREVICORYNE Das. //
Allgemeines. // Zu dieser neuerdings von Herrn B. DAS
(Lahore) errichteten neuen Gattung gehört nur eine
europaische Art, […]». A title and paragraph are enough to
attribute the genus to B. Das per application of article
50.1.1 of the Code. This conclusion is congruent with the
interpretation made by other authors: (1) DAS (1918, edit-
ed by van der Goot); (2) although he attributed the genus
to van der Goot in an erroneous application of the nomen-
clatural rules, THEOBALD (1927: 44) wrote «The name was
coined by Das and is credited by van der Goot»; (3)
BÖRNER & SCHILDER (1930: 183), «Brevicoryne (Das MS
Goot 1915)»; and (4) BÖRNER (1952: 138), «Brevicoryne
(Das MS) v. d. G. 1915)».
Names in suppressed works (Code articles 8.7.1 and 11.1)
Forty-four names created by AMYOT (1847) have not been
recorded in subsequent aphid catalogues. These names are
listed with their cited page number: Absinthifex (475),
Acerifex (479), Achillaphis (474), Aegopodaphis (479),
Balsamitifex (479), Bumelifex (484), Camalaphis (477),
Cerasifex (479), Clethraphis (480), Cornifex (483), Corylaphis
(479), Crambaphis (478), Dianthaphis (477), Elatiptus (484),
Evonymaphis (478), Genistifex (478), Humulifex (477),
Lachnodaphis (483), Lychnidaphis (478), Lythraphis (477),
Myzaegirus (479), Nigritarsifex (480), Oncodaphis (479),
Oxyacanthaphis (478), Padifex (477), Phegirus (480),
Philyriptus (479), Picridifex (475), Plantaginifex (478),
Prunifex (476), Ribifex (476), Salicifex (480), Scolymaphis
(479), Serratulifex (475), Solidaginifex (475), Taeniolachnus
(481), Tanacetifex (476), Tremulifex (483), Tremulinax (483),
Urticifex (475), Viburnifex (486), Vitellinifex (479),
Xylostaphis (479), and Xylosthaetius (484). All these names
are unavailable because the works of Amyot were suppressed
by the Commission in 1963 (Opinion 686, Bulletin of the
Zoological Nomenclature, 20: 423; SMITH 1972). Twenty-
two other Amyot unavailable names were recorded in the
Survey (19) and/or Catalogue (21).
Original spelling not adopted by first reviser (Code articles
32.2 and 4)
Four names are affected: Neotuberculatus van der Goot,
Watamushia Matsumura, Trichonosiphoniella Shinji, and
Trichonosiphuniella Shinji. Neotuberculatus and Tuber -
culoides are two original spellings for one actual taxon (VAN
DER GOOT, 1915: 567 & 312); EASTOP & HILLE RIS
LAMBERS (1976: 319), adopted Tuberculoides van der Goot
as the correct spelling. Watabura and Watamushia are two
original spellings for one actual taxon (MATSUMURA, 1917:
88 & 93); EASTOP & HILLE RIS LAMBERS (1976: 319),
adopted Watabura Matsumura as the correct spelling. We,
as first revisers per Code Article 24.2.3, following the exam-
ple of EASTOP & HILLE RIS LAMBERS (1976) and for the sake
of the nomenclatural stability, here adopt Tubercoloides van
der Goot and Watabura Matsumura as the correct spellings,
thereby making Neotubercolatus van der Goot and
Watamushia Matsumura unavailable. Trichonosiphuniella,
Trichonosiphoniella and Tricho siphoniella are three original
spellings for one actual taxon (SHINJI, 1929: 41, 46 & 47);
SHINJI (1930b: 188), as first reviser per Code Article 24.2.3,
adopted Trichosi phoniella as the correct spelling and, as a
consequence, the other two were made unavailable.
Original spelling not in prevailing usage (Code article 33.3.1)
Two pairs of names are affected.
Sitobium Mordvilko, 1914 is unavailable and Sitobion
Mordvilko, 1914 is the correct name for the genus, because
this last name is a subsequent spelling in prevailing usage
and attributed to the original author and date
(MORDVILKO, 1914: 65; 1919: 337).
Allotrichosiphon Takahashi, 1962 is unavailable and
Allotrichosiphum Takahashi, 1962 is the correct name for
the genus because this last name is a subsequent spelling in
prevailing usage and attributed to the original author and
date (TAKAHASHI, 1962: 70; GHOSH et al., 1971:104).
Names established in synonymy (Code article 11.5)
Three names are affected: Chaetocallis Börner, Carazzia
Del Guercio and Neocalaphis Shinji. Chaetocallis was estab-
lished in synonymy with Hoplochaitophorus Granovsky
(BÖRNER, 1952: 62); subsequently it has been listed as a syn-
onym of Hoplocallis Pintera. Carazzia was established in
synonymy with Clavisiphon Del Guercio (DEL GUERCIO,
1930: 500); it also has been recorded as a synonym of
Eucarazzia Del Guercio. Neocalaphis was established as a
new genus (SHINJI, 1927: 30) but an erratum note in the
paper indicates that «Neocalaphis should read
Chromaphis», implicitly putting the names in synonymy
(Code article 32.5.1.1). It has been subsequently listed as an
available name (Survey) or a synonym of Calaphis Walsh
(Catalogue).
Names established without a text description (Code article
13.1)
Nine genus names are affected.
MORDVILKO (1932: 236) and SHINJI (1933: 270), respec-
tively, established Nevskia and Amrhopalosiphunicus with
neither a text description nor a type species (Code article
13.3). They had been respectively listed as synonym of
Melanaphis van der Goot and Rhopalosiphoninus Baker.
The generic names Amyzus, Judenkoa, and Myzosiphon
120 J.M.N. NAFRÍA ET AL. REDIA, Vol. XCII, 2009
were established by Hille Ris Lambers with only a descrip-
tion of the gall, not the aphid proper. The galls are induced
by Aphis ligustri Mosley, Aphis lonicerae Siebold and
Rhopalosiphum staphyleae Koch (ATTA & VAN LEEUWEN,
1945: 156, 158 & 244), respectively. Amyzus was never
described and has been recorded as a synonym of
Nectarosiphon Schouteden or of other related genera.
Judenkoa was made available by HILLE RIS LAMBERS
(1953). Hille Ris Lambers never described the genus
Myzosiphon, but EASTOP & HILLE RIS LAMBERS (1976: 378)
used it as a subgenus of Rhopalosiphoninus Baker, also fail-
ing to describe it, and it has continued to be used as such.
As Myzosiphon is unavailable and cannot be valid (Code
article 23.1), it requires a replacement name. The replace-
ment name must be Neorhopalosiphoninus GHOSH &
RAYCHAUDHURI (1968: 187), because it is the only availeble
synonym, although the identity of the type species, N. smi-
lacifoliae Ghosh (A.K.) & Raychaudhuri (D.N.), 1968,
remains uncertain (BLACKMAN & EASTOP, 2006).
BÖRNER (1949: 43, and 1952: 101, respectively) named
but did not describe Myzodium and Annaja.Myzodium
Börner, 1950 is available. Annaja has been listed as a syn-
onym of Dysaphis Börner or of other related genera.
Neocinaria Pašek and Pseudocinara Pašek were estab-
lished by PINTERA (1966: 282) and have been listed as syn-
onyms of Cinara Curtis.
Names established without type species (Code article 13.3)
Six Börner names were established without type species:
Ammiaphis, Pseudacaudella, Idiovatus and Melanosiphon
BÖRNER (1944: 216 and 217), and Arthromyzus and
Rhopalomyzus BÖRNER (1950: 12).
BÖRNER (1952: 138, 125, 142 & 139, respectively) desig-
nated the type species of Arthromyzus, Idiovatus,
Melanosiphon and Rhopalomyzus, but this action did not
confer availability to them because he put Arthromyzus in
synonymy with Myzotoxoptera Theobald (later, it was
placed in synonymy with Myzosiphon Hille Ris Lambers or
other related genera), Idiovatus in synonymy with Myzodes
Mordvilko (it was later placed in synonymy with Nectaro -
siphon Passerini or other related genera), Melanosiphon in
synonymy with Dysaulacorthum Börner (it was later placed
in synonymy with Aulacorthum Mordvilko or other related
genera), and Rhopalomyzus in synonymy with Rhopalo -
siphoninus Baker (it is in the Survey but not the Catalogue).
Ammiaphis Börner, 1952 and Pseudacaudella Börner,
1950 are available names.
AVAILABLE NAMES
Forgotten names
The aphid catalogues of the 20th Century did not list two
available genus names.
Myzoxylon was established by BERTHOLD (1827: 427)
using an indication (Code article 12.2.1) referencing a pre-
vious work by Blot; he did not mention any species by its
scientific name, but clearly referred to the woolly apple
aphid, Myzoxilus mali BLOT (1831), used to establish the
genus Myzoxylus Blot, 1831 and which we here designate as
type species. Myzoxylon Berthold was mentioned (and mis-
spelled “Myzoxilon”) by RONDANI (1848) and NEAVE
(1940). It is a subjective junior synonym of Eriosoma Leach,
syn. nov.
Siphonocoryne was established by SHINJI (1922: 793)
describing the new species Siphonoeoryne [sic] polygoni,
which is the type species by monotypy. SHINJI (1941: 1041)
implicitly admitted mistyping Siphonoeoryne instead of
Siphonocoryne and proposed the synonymy of the type
species with Trichosiphonaphis polygoniformosanus
(Takahashi, 1921). Siphonocoryne is in neither the Survey
nor the Catalogue because EASTOP & HILLE RIS LAMBERS
(1976: 399) and REMAUDIÈRE & REMAUDIÈRE (1997: 264)
erroneously considered the original name a misprint of
Siphocoryne. Per MIYAZAKI (1971), it is a subjective syn-
onym of Akkaia Takahashi, 1919.
Available names previously considered unavailable (Code
Chapter 4)
Sixteen names, listed in “Genres indisponibles -
Unavailable names” of the Catalogue, are actually available.
Adactynus, Dactynotus, and Loxerates were established
by RAFINESQUE (1818). They are nomina dubia (FAVR E T et
al., 2007). Cladoxus Rafinesque, 1818 also is available but is
not an aphid name because Aphis (Cladoxus) fusciclava, its
type species, has club-shaped antennae (RAFINESQUE, op.
cit.; HOTTES, 1931: 63).
Tychea Koch, Aorison Mordvilko, Eualaulax Mordvilko,
Halmodaphis Mordvilko, Jaxartaphis Mordvilko, Orobion
Mordvilko, Turanaphis Mordvilko, Tuberculaphis Theobald
(in DAS, 1918), Pteriaphis Gaumont, Chaitocallipterus
Theobald, and Neomegoura Shinji also are nomina dubia
(KOCH, 1857; NIETO NAFRÍA et al., 2007; MORDVILKO,
1914; GAUMONT, 1923; THEOBLAD, 1927; SHINJI, 1930a).
Macrosiphon Del Guercio and Neomyzodes Aizenberg
(DEL GUERCIO, 1914; AIZENBERG, 1966) are junior syn-
onyms of Macrosiphum Passerini and of Myzus Passerini,
respectively.
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