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Observations on Neobarya, including new species and new combinations
Abstract
New combinations and new species are proposed in Neobarya: N. aurantiaca comb. nov., N. byssicola comb. nov., N. lichenicola comb. nov., N. lutea sp. nov., N. peltigerae sp. nov., N. xylariicola sp. nov. Neobarya agaricicola, and N. parasitica are redescribed. Anamorphs associated with N. agaricicola (Calcarisporium), N. aurantiaca (paecilomyces-like), N. byssicola (Diploospora), N. danica (lecanicillium-like), N. parasitica (lecanicillium-like), N. peltigerae (acremonium-like),and N. xylariicola (Calcarisporium) are described. Barya montana and B. salacensis are excluded from Neobarya. A key to species is provided.
... Observaciones: Neobarya parasitica se caracteriza por sus peritecios verdosos y por crecer principalmente sobre Bertia moriformis, (Candoussau, et al., 2007). Las medidas esporales de 150-200 × 3,0-4,5 µm mostradas por Candoussau, et al. (2007), son notablemente superiores a las de nuestra recolecta. ...
... Observaciones: Neobarya parasitica se caracteriza por sus peritecios verdosos y por crecer principalmente sobre Bertia moriformis, (Candoussau, et al., 2007). Las medidas esporales de 150-200 × 3,0-4,5 µm mostradas por Candoussau, et al. (2007), son notablemente superiores a las de nuestra recolecta. Esto es debido a que en nuestro caso las esporas aún no están lo suficientemente maduras, además de que por problemas de visualización, las medidas se han tomado sobre unas muestras montadas en rojo congo SDS, un colorante letal para las esporas y esto reduce considerablemente las medidas de las mismas (Baral, 1992). ...
... Esto es debido a que en nuestro caso las esporas aún no están lo suficientemente maduras, además de que por problemas de visualización, las medidas se han tomado sobre unas muestras montadas en rojo congo SDS, un colorante letal para las esporas y esto reduce considerablemente las medidas de las mismas (Baral, 1992). Los peritecios conviven con conidióforos aculeados de 37-45 µm de longitud y 2,3-3,8 µm de anchura y conidios subcilíndricos, hialinos, con un septo transversal a veces poco visible, ligeramente constreñidos en el septo, de (10,7-)13,0-17,2(-18,4) × (3,8-)4,4-5,5(-5,9) µm, que encajan perfectamente con lo que Candoussau et al. (2007) ...
In order to contribute to the knowledge of the fungal diversity in the Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido, a taxonomic revision of the species collected throught 2014 has been made, classified in three levels: a) new or very special interest species, b) interesting or uncommon species, c) other species. Given the breadth of the territory that has been studied, prospecting areas have been limited to the bassins of the Ara, Arazas, Bellós, Yaga and Cinca rivers.
311 taxa were identified, corresponding 240 to Phyllum Basidiomycota, 61 to Ascomycota and 10 to Myxomycota; the most representative orders are Agaricales, Russulales, Pezizales, Polyporales, Boletales and Helotiales. Among the identified species, have been found 9 between the proposals for the catalog of protected species of the Iberian Peninsula and/ or Aragón.
In this paper a first contribution to the catalog is showed, first as a list of all identified taxa and then, a taxonomic description with its macro and microscopic iconography for 16 of them, corresponding with interesting or uncommon species.
... ¤ ¤ ¤ The genus Neobarya Lowen was established in Eriksson & Hawksworth (1986) for fungi in the Clavicipitaceae characterized by production of soft, superficial, light-colored sessile ascomata on a pseudoparenchymatous stroma or in a subiculum, unitunicate , cylindrical or narrowly clavate asci with an enlarged thickened apical cap penetrated by a pore, and filiform ascospores, often flexuous, hyaline, guttulate, or aseptate. A variety of different asexual states are known (Candoussau et al. 2007). The genus as presently listed in Mycobank includes 13 species, and all are relatively host-specific parasites of lichens and nonlichenized fungi. ...
... Etayo (2002) named Neobarya usneae provisionally in that genus because of some similarities with other lichenicolous species of Neobarya, such as the shape of perithecia, cylindrical asci, multiseptate, filiform ascospores and wall reaction with I; however, differences in ascus tip were also pointed out. Later, Candoussau et al. (2007) noted these same differences and arrived at the conclusion that ''this is not a species of Neobarya.'' To test this hypothesis, we used recently collected specimens of Neobarya usneae from maritime Canada, from which we obtained one culture and several sequences. ...
Neobarya usneae Etayo is a relatively uncommon lichenicolous fungus that forms distinctive obpyriform ascomata on species of Usnea. The species is one of five known lichenicolous species in Neobarya, a genus established in the Clavicipitaceae that contains a variety of mycoparasitic species. The only molecular data for Neobarya species available in GenBank are for unidentified Neobarya species. We obtained sequences of ITS and nrLSU representing a culture and herbarium specimens of N. usneae from New Brunswick, Canada, and from a herbarium specimen of N. parasitica (Fuckel) Lowen, the type species of the genus, collected in Luxembourg, to determine the phylogenetic placement of these species. Our results indicate that N. usneae is not closely related to the type of Neobarya in the Clavicipitaceae, but is instead a member of the Hypocreaceae, the first lichenicolous species known for certain from this Hypocrealean family. Based on these results, we are now establishing a new genus, Lichenobarya, for N. usneae in the Hypocreaceae, and encouraging further study of other Neobarya species to establish their phylogenetic relationships, given the potential for genetic heterogeneity in the group.
... Notes: Acrospermum bolivianum occurs on lichen thalli, and this species is characterized by having very particular obovoid to elongate pyriform, dark grayish brown ascomata developing on an evident white arachnoid subiculum, and large, multiseptate needlelike ascospores. This morphology makes it somehow similar to lichenicolous members of the order Hypocreales, e.g., Lichenobarya , Neobaryopsis (Flakus et al. 2019b), or Neobarya (Candoussau et al. 2007). However, phylogenetic analyses reveal instead a strongly supported placement of the new species in Acrospermales (FIG. ...
Acrospermales represent one of the least studied lineages of Dothideomycetes and are characterized by diverse ecological strategies, including saprotrophic, epiphytic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, and bryophilous lifestyles. The order is composed of two teleomorphic genera, Acrospermum and Oomyces, and five anamorphic genera of unclear relationships. The objectives of the study were to establish the phylogenetic position of Acrospermum species collected from lichens in the tropical forest of Bolivia and to infer the evolution of the lichenicolous lifestyle in Acrospermales. Our results reveal that the examined specimens from Bolivia represent a new species, A. bolivianum, which is well characterized by its phylogenetic distinctness, morphological characteristics, and host selection. The new species is the first lichenicolous member of Acrospermum and forms a well-supported clade sister to the bryophilous Acrospermum adeanum. The evolution of lifestyles, concluded by phylogenetic analyses and ancestral state reconstructions, indicated that the saprotrophic lifestyle is ancestral to Acrospermales. This corresponds to their close relationship to other saprotrophic lineages of Dothideomycetes and indicates that the wide spectrum of nutritional strategies, currently observed in Acrospermales, may be a result of more recent shifts in their ecology. Our results also suggest that the lichenicolous lifestyle in Acrospermales appeared independently at least two times. Lichenicolous species are represented in our data set by Acrospermum bolivianum and Gonatophragmium physciae, which evolved from lichenicolous and plant-parasite ancestors, respectively. The genus Oomyces, represented by O. carneoalbus, was included for the first time in the phylogenetic analysis and showed a sister relationship to the remaining taxa of Acrospermales.
... This is the only fairly well known member of this myco-parasitic genus (Candoussau et al. 2007 Aarnaes (2002). ...
... So far the species was known only from the type collection from Norway growing on Cladonia ciliata. The species was formerly known from Spain (Atienza 2002) and Germany (Brackel 2014 Formerly known from Spain, Scotland (Candoussau et al. 2007) and the USA (Zhurbenko 2009c There are some essential inconsistencies between the examined material and various descriptions of Phacopsis usneae. According to Etayo & Sancho (2006) the species has ascomata up to 3.5 mm diam., a colourless to olivaceous or brownish hymenium, a brown (N−) to blackish blue (N+ violet) epihymenium, covered by a layer of colourless gel, apically swollen paraphyses 6 -9 µm thick, and lar ger ascospores 11-15 × 5−6(-7) µm. ...
Zhurbenko, M. P. & Kobzeva, A. A. 2014. Lichenicolous fungi from Northwest Caucasus, Russia. — Herzogia 27: 377–396. One hundred species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from Northwest Caucasus; 64 of them are new to the Caucasus. Hainesia aeruginascens, H. brevicladoniae, Minutoexcipula calatayudii, Neobarya peltigerae, Opegrapha anomea, O. rotunda, Polycoccum arnoldii, P. kaernefeltii, Pronectria echinulata and P. santessonii are newly reported for Asia and Russia. Abrothallus cetrariae, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, Taeniolella delicata, Trichonectria anisospora and Zwackhiomyces echinulatus are new to Asia, but not Russia. Cercidospora melanophthalmae, Lichenostigma rupicolae, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum and Stigmidium xanthoparmeliarum are new to Russia, but not Asia. Endococcus incrassatus and Xanthoriicola physciae are new to Asian Russia. Lichenochora rinodinae is first reported from outside the Arctic. Finds of specimens presumably belonging to the insufficiently known species Merismatium cladoniicola, Phacopsis usneae and Sphaerellothecium gowardii are discussed. Dactylospora deminuta is newly reported on Gyalecta foveolaris and Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Neobarya peltigerae on Peltigera polydactylon and Taeniolella delicata on Lecanora intumescens. Nephroma is a new host genus for Paranectria oropensis and Caloplaca for Polycoccum kaernefeltii.
Neotropical mountain forests are characterized by having hyperdiverse and unusual fungi inhabiting lichens. The great majority of these lichenicolous fungi (i.e., detectable by light microscopy) remain undescribed and their phylogenetic relationships are mostly unknown. This study focuses on lichenicolous fungi inhabiting the genus Lobariella ( Peltigerales ), one of the most important lichen hosts in the Andean cloud forests. Based on molecular and morphological data, three new genera are introduced: Lawreyella gen. nov. ( Cordieritidaceae , for Unguiculariopsis lobariella ), Neobaryopsis gen. nov. ( Cordycipitaceae ), and Pseudodidymocyrtis gen. nov. ( Didymosphaeriaceae ). Nine additional new species are described ( Abrothallus subhalei sp. nov., Atronectria lobariellae sp. nov., Corticifraga microspora sp. nov., Epithamnolia rugosopycnidiata sp. nov., Lichenotubeufia cryptica sp. nov., Neobaryopsis andensis sp. nov., Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae sp. nov., Rhagadostomella hypolobariella sp. nov., and Xylaria lichenicola sp. nov.). Phylogenetic placements of 13 lichenicolous species are reported here for Abrothallus , Arthonia , Globonectria , Lawreyella , Monodictys , Neobaryopsis , Pseudodidymocyrtis , Sclerococcum , Trichonectria and Xylaria . The name Sclerococcum ricasoliae comb. nov. is reestablished for the neotropical populations formerly named S. lobariellum ( Sclerococcales ). A key to sexual and asexual states of 40 species of lobariellicolous ascomycetous fungi is provided. Teleomorph-anamorph connections were established for several species using molecular methods and/or visual observations in nature. Additionally, we found that the anamorphic species Cornutispora ophiurospora inhabiting Lobariella was often accompanied by ascomata of Spirographa . Results of phylogenetic analyses, including newly generated sequences of several Cornutispora and Spirographa species inhabiting various host lichens, support the conclusion that Cornutispora is a synonym of Spirographa . Our Maximum Likelihood inference based on multiple loci show that all studied Spirographa (including Cornutispora ) belong to a new lineage within Ostropales . Based on these highly supported phylogenetic placements and the distinct character states of their conidiomata, in comparison with other Lecanoromycetes , a new family is proposed – Spirographaceae fam. nov. This new lineage includes broadly distributed mycoparasites, inhabiting various lichen and fungal hosts, and representing an early diversification event preceding the lichen-forming clade of Fissurinaceae , Gomphillaceae and Graphidaceae . Two lichenicolous species, Asteroglobulus giselae and Pleoscutula arsenii , were found to be nested within the Spirographa clade, and their teleomorph-anamorph connections were confirmed based on genotypic and phenotypic data. This phylogenetic result is corroborated by their highly similar ascomata anatomy. Together these results strongly indicate that both species are congeneric with Spirographa . As a result, four new species ( S. aggregata sp. nov., S. galligena sp. nov., S. maroneae sp. nov., and S. parmotrematis sp. nov.) and 15 new combinations are proposed ( Spirographa ascaridiella comb. nov., S. arsenii comb. nov., S. ciliata comb. nov., S. giselae comb. nov., S. herteliana comb. nov., S. hypotrachynae comb. nov., S. intermedia comb. nov., S. lichenicola comb. nov., S. limaciformis comb. nov., S. ophiurospora comb. nov., S. pittii comb. nov., S. pyramidalis comb. nov., S. triangularis comb. nov., S. tricupulata comb. nov., and S. vermiformis comb. nov.). Species of the genus Spirographa , as outlined here, are strongly host-specific, mainly at the generic level of their host. Some host genera can harbour more than one Spirographa species.
During a survey of fungicolous fungi, a novel taxon from the surface of stroma of an unidentified Xylaria species was collected. Phylogenetic analyses showed that this taxon clustered with Calcarisporium sp. and C. arbuscula isolates, but was resolved as a distinct species. A detailed morphological examination coupled with phylogenetic analysis indicated that the taxon represented a new species. Calcarisporium xylariicola sp. nov. is thus introduced. The new taxon is characterized by short conidiophores with swollen bases and less length/width ratio of conidia that distinguish it from other Calcarisporium species. Calcarisporium is presently placed in Hypocreales genera, incertae sedis genus. Species in the genus are largely fungicolous, or occasionally caulicolous or foliicolous, and have hyaline, erect, verticillate conidiophores and sympodial, polyblastic conidiation. A phylogenetic analysis of combined SSU, ITS, LSU, TEF and RPB2 sequence data from Calcarisporium species and other taxa in Hypocreales indicate that Calcarisporium is a distinct lineage from other families. Therefore, a new family, Calcarisporiaceae, in Hypocreales is introduced.
Two lichenicolous fungi of the family Bionectriaceae(Hypocreales) are described: Parametria alstrupii(on Psoroma from Greenland) and Pronectria lecideicola(on Lecidea from Svalbard). Neobarya peltigerae is recorded as new for North America, Pronectria walkerorum and Xenonectriella lutescens for Russia and Asia. A revised description of the latter species is also provided, and Peltigera is reported as its new host. A key to all hypocrealean fungi growing on Peltigera is included.
Claviceps purpurea is an ovarian parasite infecting grasses (Poaceae) including cereals and forage plants. This fungus produces toxic alkaloids and consumption of contaminated grains can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals. Recent molecular genetics studies have indicated that it included three cryptic species (G1, G2, G3). In this study, reproductive isolation amongst these groups and among material from Phragmites and Molinia was tested using gene flow statistics for five polymorphic loci, and to support these data, phylogenetic affiliations based on gene trees and a multigene phylogeny were used. The four recognized species are characterized based on morphology and host spectrum and formal taxonomic names are proposed. Claviceps purpurea sensu stricto (G1 group) represents a typical rye ergot, but infects various other grasses. Typical hosts of Claviceps humidiphila (new name for G2 species), like Phalaris arundinacea, belong to grasses preferring humid locations. Claviceps spartinae (G3) is specific to chloridoid grasses from salt barches. The material from Phragmites and Molinia can be authenticated with the species Claviceps microcephala for which the new name Claviceps arundinis is proposed here. The divergence time between species was estimated and the tools for species identification are discussed.
Copyright © 2014 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Members of the form genus Polycephalomyces (Hyphomycetes, Deuteromycota) were morphologically and phylogenetically evaluated. The aberrant taxon P. tomentosus was earlier placed in Blistum, for which it was the type. Blistum was distinguished from other Hyphomycetes on the production of white synnemata, ornamented cells along the synnemous stipe, viscous conidial mass at synnemous apex and a myxomyceticolous habit. Observations of Polycephalomyces species revealed that P. tomentosus can be distinguished from other species in the genus by its myxomyceticolous habit, verrucose ornamented cells along the synnemous stipe, and production of conidia that are variable in size (2.4-7.6 × 1.6-3.2 μm) and shape (ovoid, broadly fusiform and subglobose). Phylogenetic analyses of 28S rDNA excluded P. tomentosus from the clade containing all other Polycephelomyces species, thus making the genus paraphyletic. However, all Polycephalomyces species were recovered in the Clavicipitaceae clade when analyzed using either Hypocreaceae or Nectriaceae as outgroups. Therefore, we have segregated P. tomentosus from Polycephalomyces and again classified it n the monotypic genus Blistum.
Cordyceps, comprising over 400 species, was historically classified in the Clavicipitaceae, based on cylindrical asci, thickened ascus apices and filiform ascospores, which often disarticulate into part-spores. Cordyceps was characterized by the production of well-developed often stipitate stromata and an ecology as a pathogen of arthropods and Elaphomyces with infrageneric classifications emphasizing arrangement of perithecia, ascospore morphology and host affiliation. To refine the classification of Cordyceps and the Clavicipitaceae, the phylogenetic relationships of 162 taxa were estimated based on analyses consisting of five to seven loci, including the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunits (nrSSU and nrLSU), the elongation factor 1alpha (tef1), the largest and the second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (rpb1 and rpb2), beta-tubulin (tub), and mitochondrial ATP6 (atp6). Our results strongly support the existence of three clavicipitaceous clades and reject the monophyly of both Cordyceps and Clavicipitaceae. Most diagnostic characters used in current classifications of Cordyceps (e.g., arrangement of perithecia, ascospore fragmentation, etc.) were not supported as being phylogenetically informative; the characters that were most consistent with the phylogeny were texture, pigmentation and morphology of stromata. Therefore, we revise the taxonomy of Cordyceps and the Clavicipitaceae to be consistent with the multi-gene phylogeny. The family Cordycipitaceae is validated based on the type of Cordyceps, C. militaris, and includes most Cordyceps species that possess brightly coloured, fleshy stromata. The new family Ophiocordycipitaceae is proposed based on Ophiocordyceps Petch, which we emend. The majority of species in this family produce darkly pigmented, tough to pliant stromata that often possess aperithecial apices. The new genus Elaphocordyceps is proposed for a subclade of the Ophiocordycipitaceae, which includes all species of Cordyceps that parasitize the fungal genus Elaphomyces and some closely related species that parasitize arthropods. The family Clavicipitaceaes. s. is emended and includes the core clade of grass symbionts (e.g., Balansia, Claviceps, Epichloë, etc.), and the entomopathogenic genus Hypocrella and relatives. In addition, the new genus Metacordyceps is proposed for Cordyceps species that are closely related to the grass symbionts in the Clavicipitaceaes. s.Metacordyceps includes teleomorphs linked to Metarhizium and other closely related anamorphs. Two new species are described, and lists of accepted names for species in Cordyceps, Elaphocordyceps, Metacordyceps and Ophiocordyceps are provided.
The genus Ophionectria has been included in both the Euascomycetes and Loculoascomycetes. Critical study of the type species, Ophionectria trichospora, reveals it to have unitunicate asci, a hypocreaceous centrum and bright-colored perithecia. The genus, therefore, belongs in the euascomycete order Hypocreales. All available type specimens of species which have been placed in Ophionectria were examined. Only the type species remains in the genus. All others are excluded. In this paper the monotypic genus Ophionectria is described and figured; excluded species are discussed briefly. One new species is described: Barya byssicola. Two new names are proposed: Calonectria bryophila and Lasiosphaeria glabra. Seven new combinations are proposed: Calonectria hendrickxii, C. vernoniae, Torrubiella lloydii, Lasiosphaeria rufula, Podonectria coccorum, P. larvaespora and Tubeufia paludosa.
This survey of ascomycetes colonizing various substrata in coastal grasslands suggests that their distribution is related to ecological factors of the habitat as well as to the character of each substratum. Of 141 species recorded, 17 were marine, confined to coastal salt marshes, 50 were strictly graminicolous, 69 were widely distributed on diverse substrata including rabbit dung, and a few were strictly terrestrial.
The pattern of occurrence in a particular phytocoenosis is characteristic for a large number of species and there appears to be a line of biological discontinuity at the fermentation layer between the upright and prostrate fitter debris and the Aj soil horizon.
Dactylomyces crustaceus and Micronectriella agropyri are described as new species. Var. maritima of Pleurage vemiculosis and var. maritima of Rhyparobius cookei are new. Leptosphaeria discors Sacc. & Ellis is transferred to Passeriniella and Pleospora vagans Niessl var. spartinae Webster & Lucas is raised to specific rank.
A brief review of the taxonomic history of the order Hypocreales (Fungi, Ascomycetes) is presented. A modified characterization of the Hypocreales with one family, Hypocreaceae, and the acceptance and characterization of the Clavicipitales with one family, Clavicipitaceae, are given together with a key to the orders of the Ascomycetes subclass Ascomycetidae, and keys to the genera of the Hypocreales and the Clavicipitales. A total of 104 genera are tentatively maintained in the Hypocreales; 33 additional genera are indicated in synonymy. A total of 23 genera are included in the Clavicipitales, an additional 8 are indicated in synonymy.