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New species of the Neotropical genus Campatonema Jones (Geometridae, Ennominae)... 263
New species of the Neotropical genus
Campatonema Jones (Geometridae, Ennominae)
with the first description of the female
J. Bolling Sullivan
200 Craven St., Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 USA
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1D269A70-1054-4C69-A283-B8C24F6AE14C
Corresponding author: J. Bolling Sullivan (sullivan14@earthlink.net)
Academic editor: Christian Schmidt|Received22 January 2010|Accepted 11February 2010|Published 18 March2010
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2CCE334-1AD5-4B4E-8270-B2CAA14537BE
Citation: Sullivan JB (2010) New species of the Neotropical genus Campatonema Jones (Geometridae, Ennominae) with
the rst description of the female. In: Schmidt BC, Lafontaine JD (Eds) Contributions to the systematics of New World
macro-moths II. ZooKeys 39: 263–272. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.39.433
Abstract
Two new species of Campatonema Jones are described, C. tapantia sp. n. from Costa Rica and C. yanay-
acua sp. n. from Ecuador. A third species, Campatonema lineata (Schaus), is transferred to Campatonema
from “Sabulodes.” e female of Campatonema is described for the rst time, and the tribal placement of
Campatonema is discussed.
Keywords
Taxonomy, Campatonema, Sabulodes, Ourapterygini, Costa Rica, Ecuador
Introduction
In her review of the Neotropical ennomine geometrids, Pitkin (2002) placed Campa-
tonema in the tribe Ourapterygini?, with some reservations. e only species of Cam-
patonema described at the time, C. marginata Jones, was known only from several
males from Brazil. e genus was not placed in Ourapterygini sensu stricto because
the furca of C. marginata was not clearly homologous to the furca that characterizes the
Ourapterygini. e tapered, pointed furca and the distinctive yellowish-cream color
and pattern of the wings were used to characterize the genus Campatonema.
ZooKeys 39: 263–272 (2010)
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.39.433
www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys
Copyright J. Bolling Sullivan. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
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J. Bolling Sullivan / ZooKeys 39: 263–272 (2010)
264
Recent collecting in Costa Rica and Ecuador has turned up specimens of three ad-
ditional species of Campatonema, including the rst females. Pitkin et.al. (1996) did
not report the genus from Costa Rica.
Materials and methods
Repository abbreviations
BMNH Natural History Museum, London, UK
INBI Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa
Rica
JBS J. Bolling Sullivan, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA
USNM National Museum of Natural History, Washington, District of Columbia,
USA
Photographic methods used herein are described in Sullivan and Adams (2009). Pro-
cedures for dissecting and preparing genitalia follow that of Lafontaine (2004). DNA
sequencing of the barcode fragment of the COI gene was carried out at the Canadian
Center for DNA barcoding in Guelph, Ontario. Barcode sequences were compared by
nearest neighbor analyses as implemented on the Barcode of Life Data systems website
(Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007).
Systematics
Campatonema Jones
Campatonema Jones, 1921: 334. Type species, Campatonema marginata Jones
(1921) (by monotypy).
Pitkin (2002) characterized Campatonema by its peculiar furca (tapered, pointed
shape), by the shape of the band on the dorsal fore wing, and by the pointed, cream-
colored fore wing. In the three new species the furca is typical, of the Ourapterygini
and located near the middle of the juxta and able to de ect to either side. e shape
of the dark band on the dorsal fore wing is variable among species, and the cream-
colored fore wing can be overlaid with reddish-brown scaling. e pointed fore wing
is characteristic. e unusual setal arrangement on the antenna with two rows of
setae per segment on the ventral surface is a useful character for separating species of
Campatonema from similar looking species in other genera. e genitalia are rather
simple and have few characters useful for diagnosing the genus, so members of the
genus are most easily recognized by a combination of wing shape, maculation, and
antennal structure.
New species of the Neotropical genus Campatonema Jones (Geometridae, Ennominae)... 265
Campatonema tapantia Sullivan sp. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CCE3C74F-B405-41D9-AC2E-D78201A5BFC6
Figs 1, 2, 6a, b, 9
Type material. Holotype ♂: Costa Rica, Tapanti National Park, Orosi, Cartago Prov-
ince, 1300–1400 m, 9 April 1984, D. H. Janzen and W. Hallwachs (INB0004129291)
(INBI). Paratypes: 10 ♂ 5 ♀ same locality as type. 1 ♂ (INB0003015185), June 1998, R.
Delgado, 1 ♂ (INB0003041671), October 1999, R. Delgado; 1 ♂ (INB0004129282),
17 November 1982, Janzen and Hallwachs; 1 ♂(INB0004129288), 23 January 1985,
Janzen and Hallwachs; 1 ♂(INB0004129289), 9 April 1984, Janzen and Hallwachs;
1 ♂(INB0004129290), 9 April 1984, Janzen and Hallwachs; 1 ♂12–17 February
2006, J. Bolling Sullivan, 3 ♂ 7–9 July 2008, J. Bolling Sullivan; 1 ♀(INBIOC-
RI002025033), October 1994, R. Delgado; 1 ♀(INBIOCRI002553384), 17 Novem-
ber 1982, Janzen and Hallwachs; 1 ♀ 7–9 July 2008, J. Bolling Sullivan; 2 ♀ 5–9
August 2007, 1480m, La Paz Waterfall Garden, Vera Blanca, Montana Azul, Alajuela
Province, J. Bolling Sullivan. (INBI, BMNH, USNM, JBS).
Etymology. e name refers to Tapanti National Park, Costa Rica, the location
where C. tapantia has been found most frequently.
Diagnosis. e species is readily recognized by its maculation. e dark chocolate
line running from the middle of the lower fore wing margin to the outer margin in
combination with the chocolate marginal bands are diagnostic.
Description. Male. Head – Palps very small, less than eye width, third segment half
length of rst and second segments, which are equal in size. Palp with chocolate-brown
scaling on outer and dorsal surface, cream on inner and ventral surfaces; frons squarish;
ground cream with chocolate-brown dusting becoming dense dorsally; scape cream;
area between antennae dirty cream; collar chocolate with erect brown scales. Antenna
bifasciculate, segments Y-shaped, orange on ventral surface, dorsal scaling brown, light-
er toward antennal tip. Setal rows arranged in two groups per segment, one at midpoint
of segment, other at distal end on lateral expansions of segment. orax and abdomen
– orax cream dorsally; abdominal segments cream with heavy brown dusting laterally
especially on rst segment; ventral surface cream. Legs dusted with ne brown scales
dorsally, otherwise cream. Metathoracic tibia slightly swollen. Two pairs of tibial spurs
on hind legs, one pair on middle legs. Wings – fore wing length 15 mm; ground color
cream; costa and margin of fore wing chocolate brown; chocolate submarginal line be-
gins subapically on costa and runs parallel to wing margin to slightly below midpoint,
(between M1 and M2) then angles to midpoint of lower margin of wing. Postmedial
line (PM) indistinct. Discal spot chocolate, small but prominent. Hindwing ground
cream, crossed by a series of brown lines parallel to margin. Discal dot distinct, medial
line prominent. Wing margin dark brown, chocolate scaling forming a subapical spot.
Fringe brown. Dorsal surface cream with brown dusting overlay particularly where PM
line originates subapically, line incomplete, not extending to anal edge of wing. Margin
with distinct line of chocolate scales. Discal spots distinct on both wings. Apex with a
well de ned white area. Male genitalia – Uncus rod shaped. Valva elongate, sweeping
J. Bolling Sullivan / ZooKeys 39: 263–272 (2010)
266
upward slightly toward uncus. Costal edge sclerotized with hairlike bristles below costal
edge more numerous toward valve apex, which is acute and slants slightly upward. Arms
of gnathos indistinct, medial junction forming oval pad and covered with spines. Anel-
lar arms swollen and appear as an inward extension of costa. Tegumen arms extended
diagonally to fuse posteriorly below uncus. Vincular arms straight. Furca diverted to
left to gnathos, apex pointed; bristle area occupies terminal 15%. Right juxtal arm
swollen at base. Saccus with squared base. Aedeagus straight, lightly sclerotized, with
basal keel, expands medially, apex acutely pointed. Vesica expanded slightly with patch
Figures 1–5. Adults of Campatonema. 1 Campatonema tapantia Sullivan, male holotype, Tapanti National
Park, Orosi, Cartago Province, Costa Rica, 9 April 2, 1984 2 Campatonema tapantia Sullivan, female para-
type, La Paz Waterfall Garden, Vera Blanca, Montana Azul, Alajuela Province, Costa Rica, 5–9 August 2007
3 Campatonema yanayacua Sullivan, male paratype, Yanayacu Biological Station, 5 km West of Cosanga,
Napo Province, Ecuador, 20 January 2009 4 Campatonema lineata (Schaus), male, Monteverde Biologi-
cal Station, Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, 23–27 August 2003 5 Campatonema lineata (Schaus),
female, Monteverde Biological Station, Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, 23–27 August 2003.
12
54
1 cm
no known female of
Campatonema yanancua
3
New species of the Neotropical genus Campatonema Jones (Geometridae, Ennominae)... 267
of cornuti basally and hair-like bristles distally. No distinct features on pelt. Female.
Antenna liform, otherwise similar to male but slightly larger (FW length 16 mm) and
with chocolate dusting more extensive. Underside of fore wing with distinct apical spot.
Female genitalia – Anal papillae elongated, tip rounded, extended on ventral side. Pos-
terior apophyses 2 × length of anterior apophyses, thin, expanded and paddle shaped at
terminus. Anterior apophyses kinked at posterior end, paddle shaped at terminus, but
less broadly than posterior apophyses. Seventh tergite forms lightly sclerotized shield
over ostium. Ostium sclerotized, oval with posterior margin deeply concave on left side.
Ductus very long; bursa saclike; signa a narrow slit. Pelt without distinct features.
Distribution and biology. C. tapantia has been collected in the provinces of Ala-
juela, Cartago, and Heredia, Costa Rica. It has been found along a rather narrow
elevational range, from 1100–1600 m. Adults are on the wing throughout the year.
Campatonema yanayacua Sullivan sp. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:764D6838-29F2-4CA1-9BF6-14CE93B65A98
Figs 3, 4, 7a, b
Type material. Holotype ♂: Ecuador, Yanayacu Biological Station, 4 km west of
Cosanga, Napo Province, 2160 m, 20 January 2009, J. S. Miller, D. Wagner and R.
Tapia, (USNM) Paratypes: 2 males. Same data as holotype except 18 January 2009.
(BMNH, JBS).
Etymology. Campatonema yanayacua is named for the type locality, Yanayacu Bio-
logical Station, Napo, Ecuador.
Diagnosis. is species is readily recognized by the shape of the fore wing PM line,
which has an outward de ection at M3 that allows it to be distinguished from the
other species of Campatonema.
Description. Male. Head – Palp slightly longer than width of eye; mid-segment
longer than rst and about 4 × length of third; rst two segments light brown out-
wardly with scattered chocolate scales. Cream scaling just below third segment with
a few brown and chocolate scales dorsally. All segments with cream scaling inwardly.
Frons squared with cream scales near palps and a mixture of brown and chocolate scales
over the upper 80%. Area between antennae with scales cream, erect; collar cream with
brown scales adjacent to thorax; thorax cream with scattered brown scales. Antenna
fasciculate, segments ared distad with bristle rows at middle and at distal end; antenna
brown dorsally with two scale rows per segment. orax and abdomen – Abdomen
cream with brown bands of varous shades; Abdominal segments cream basally becom-
ing pale-brown posteriorly with white ring on posterior margin. Underside cream with
scattered brown scales. Forelegs with brown scaling dorsally, cream ventrally. Hind tibia
slightly swollen. Two pairs of tibial spurs on hind leg, one pair on middle legs. Wings
– Fore wing length 15−17 mm. PM line a double brown line, outer element fading on
lower half of wing, middle part of PM line with blue gray; PM line expanded outwardly
to form dark-brown wedge-shaped patch at fore wing apex; medial area with a di use
J. Bolling Sullivan / ZooKeys 39: 263–272 (2010)
268
brownish-gray band along inner margin of PM line. Costa brown basally becoming tan
throughout mid-section and fusing with PM line at apex. Wing margin with row of
chocolate scales forming terminal line, slightly wider at veins. Discal dot distinct. Hind-
wing with a series of tan and brown lines parallel to margin and crossing cream ground;
brownish-gray PM line with blue-gray lling prominent. Margin a broad brown band.
Ventral surface cream with chocolate PM line on costal half of fore wing. Wing apex
Figures 6–10. Genitalia of Campatonema. a valves b aedeagus 6a,b Campatonema tapantia Sullivan,
male, Cartago Province, Costa Rica (JBS 1497) 7a,b Campatonema yanayacua Sullivan, male, Napo
Province, Ecuador (JBS 2803) 8a,b Campatonema lineata (Schaus), male, Puntarenas Province, Costa
Rica (JBS 1498) 9 Campatonema tapantia Sullivan, female, Alajuela Province, Costa Rica (JBS 1494)
10Campatonema lineata (Schaus), female, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica (JBS 1499).
6b
7b
6a
7a
8b
8a
10
9
1 mm
1 mm
New species of the Neotropical genus Campatonema Jones (Geometridae, Ennominae)... 269
almost white. Discal dots distinct. Brown scaling over cream ground color particularly
strong in costal area. Male genitalia – Uncus rod shaped, valves elongate, tapering to a
rounded apex. Costa heavily sclerotized, with a slight bulge 1/3 from apex. Costal half
of valva with ne setae, without processes or well-de ned ridges. Gnathos arms poorly
de ned, medial junction a well-de ned pad covered with bristles or spines. Furca de-
ecting to right and extending to slightly above medial pad on gnathos. Outer third of
furca with bristles. Furca slightly S-shaped, tapering little from base to rounded tip. Sac-
cus slightly rounded. Aedeagus diameter increasing posteriorly before ending abruptly
in a narrow spine; lightly sclerotized, particularly anteriorly. Everted vesica expanded
slightly with a patch of 8 cornuti. Pelt without distinct features. Female. unknown.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Yanayacu Biological Station,
Ecuador.
Remarks. Similar specimens have been collected at Estacion Cienti ca San Fran-
cisco, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador by Gunnar Brehm. Pictures of the adults and dis-
sections of the genitalia were examined, but di er enough from the Yanayacu speci-
mens that they are not included in the type series.
Campatonema lineata (Schaus) comb. n.
Figs 4, 5, 8a, b, 10
Sabulodes? lineata Schaus, 1911: 590.
Type material. Syntypes: USNM. Type locality: Juan Vinas, Costa Rica.
Diagnosis. Campatonema lineata is readily separated from the other species of
Campatonema by its wing pattern. In particular, no other species of Campatonema has
broad, reddish-brown bands along the margins of both sets of wings.
Redescription. Male. Head – Palp short, less than length of round eye, slightly
porrect, third segment 1/2 length of rst two segments, which are equal in length.
Palp mostly cream on inner surface and brown on external surface. Frons rectangu-
lar, brown. Area between antennae and scape cream. Antenna fasciculate with bristles
originating in middle and distal end of each segment; antenna brown dorsally, two
rows of scales per segment, distal row darker. Scales of collar erect, dirty cream in color.
orax and abdomen – Dorsal thoracic scales cream with two tan spots on distal end.
Abdomen cream with tan scales on posterior half of each segment, segments 6–7 with
dorsal scales brown, tipped with cream, segment 8 tan with darker brown central spot.
Ventral abdomen cream. Legs nely scaled with grey brown dorsally, cream ventrally,
two pairs of tibial spurs on hind leg, one pair on middle leg. Wings – Fore wing length
14 mm. Fore wing slightly pointed, ground color cream heavily dusted with tan and
chocolate brown; PM line originating subapically on costa and undulating to point
at outer 1/4 of lower margin; PM line double on costal half, formed by two rows of
chocolate scales with only inner one prominent and continuing to lower margin of
wing. Traces of other tan lines parallel to wing margin both proximal and distal to PM
J. Bolling Sullivan / ZooKeys 39: 263–272 (2010)
270
line. Discal dot dark, distinct. Hindwing much as fore wing, with a series of lines paral-
lel to margin. PM line distad of discal dot darkest and most prominent. Margins of
both wings tan with small chocolate patches at ends of veins. Ventral surface of wings
with cream ground color and dusting of brown scales, becoming denser distally before
forming a distinct marginal band. Apex of fore wing lighter and forming a light band
on fore wing parallel to margin. Female. Slightly larger than male (fore wing length 15
mm), maculation much like male but colors more intense. Antenna liform. Male gen-
italia – Uncus rod shaped; gnathos arms indistinct, medial pad oval and covered with
spines. Valves slightly shorter than in other species, more rounded apically. Area of
bristles on valves adjacent to sclerotized costa and broadest apically. Annelar arms ap-
pear bifurcate, without sclerotized medial area. Arms of tegumen meeting medially be-
low uncus, fused. Vincular arms straight. Furca de ected to left, extending to gnathos
and with bristled area toward apex. Saccus squared. Juxta bending slightly to median at
base. Aedeagus straight, pointed at apex, vesica expanded with patch of cornuti which
areith cornuti slightly larger on basal side of patch. Pelt without distinct features. Fe-
male genitalia – Anal papillae elongated with apex rounded. Posterior apophyses twice
as long as anterior ones, thin, straight, paddlelike at apex. Anterior apophyses with
knob-like junction about 1/3 distance from posterior end, causing a slight redirection.
Terminal ends paddlelike. Seventh tergite forming an oval shield with sclerotized ostial
area below. Sclerotization on ostium forming a half collar dorsally. Ductus very short,
forming a narrow neck to bursa, which expands slightly forming tear-drop shape. Sig-
num on dorsal side a spiked sphere with hollow center. Pelt without distinct features.
Distribution and biology. Specimens have been collected in the provinces of Ala-
juela, Cartago, Guanacaste, and Puntarenas, Costa Rica, at elevations of 700–1500 m.
Adults are on the wing throughout the year.
Discussion
Based on a single male of Campatonema marginata, Pitkin (2002) characterized the
genus Campatonema by its tapered, pointed fore wing shape and yellowish-cream wing
color with tan border and a tan band crossing the dorsal surface of both wings. e
peculiar furca-like process of C. marginata prevented Pitkin from including Campton-
ema in the Ourapterygini. e discovery of three additional species of Camptonema,
all with a normal furca, supports placement of Camptonema in Ourapterygini. Camp-
tonema is characterized by the tapered, pointed wing shape. e yellowish-cream wing
color is distinctive in most members but can be overlayed with lines parallel to the
wing margin which can extend inwardly past the discal spot. Antennal pectination,
strongly fasciculate to bifasciculate with rows of bristles at the midpoint and at the
terminus of each segment, will distinguish Camptonema from similar appearing species
of Isochromodes Warren and Eusarca Hübner. e female genitalia o er no diagnostic
characters, in part because the signum varies from a simple ridge to a stellate hollow
New species of the Neotropical genus Campatonema Jones (Geometridae, Ennominae)... 271
sphere in the two known species. e female from southern Ecuador that was excluded
from N. yanayacua also has a signum which is a stellate hollow sphere.
Camptonema species occur at moderate elevations (1000–2000 m) in Costa Rica
and Ecuador, with an outlying species in Brazil. Almost nothing is known regarding
the life history. C. tapantia usually came to mercury vapor and blacklights between 8–9
pm. None of the species appears to be common and the number of sites where they
have been found in Costa Rica and Ecuador are few. Additional species undoubtedly
await discovery.
Bar-code data from two individuals of each of the two new species added to the ge-
nus Campatonema form a monophyletic cluster with no close generic relatives among
the many hundreds of ennomine species that have been barcoded. Both Eusarca and
Isochromodes include species externally similar to Campatonema and barcoding indi-
cates they may be the most closely related genera but both are likely to be polyphyletic
and in need of revision.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Jocelyn Gill, Don Lafontaine, and Chris Schmidt at CNC;
Jocelyn for preparing the illustrations, Don and Chris for suggestions regarding the
manuscript. Paul Hebert of the University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada allowed the use
of unpublished barcode data. Isidro Chacon provided both data and images for Cam-
patonema specimens in the collections at INBI. Gunnar Brehm and Frank Huenefeld
(Institut fur Spezielle Zoologied und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum,
Jena, Germany) provided pictures of adults and genitalia for Campatonema specimens
collected at the Estacion Cienti ca San Francisco, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador. James
S. Miller graciously provided specimens collected at Yanayacu Biological Station. is
work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grants DEB-0717173
and DEB-0849361 to Lee Dyer.
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