Santa Catarina Island mangroves 3: a new species of Fuscoporia

Abstract

Fuscoporia bifurcata is described from southern Brazil based on collections from mangrove areas on Santa Catarina Island, in the state of Santa Catarina. The new species is characterized by hymenial setae with a bifurcate or spiny apex. A description with illustrations, an updated key to species of Fuscoporia from southern Brazil and a key to species of Hymenochaetaceae reported from mangroves are provided.

Full text

Santa Catarina Island mangroves 3: a new species of
Fuscoporia
Juliano Marcon Baltazar
1
Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira
2
Clarice Loguercio-Leite
Departamento de Botaˆnica, CCB, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina, Campus Universita´ rio,
Floriano´ polis, SC, Brasil, 88040-900
Leif Ryvarden
Botany Department, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1045
Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
Abstract
:
Fuscoporia bifurcata
is described from
southern Brazil based on collections from mangrove
areas on Santa Catarina Island, in the state of Santa
Catarina. The new species is characterized by hyme-
nial setae with a bifurcate or spiny apex. A description
with illustrations, an updated key to species of
Fuscoporia
from southern Brazil and a key to species
of Hymenochaetaceae reported from mangroves are
provided.
Key words:
basidiomycetes, Hymenochaetaceae,
mycodiversity,
Phellinus sensu lato
, taxonomy
INTRODUCTION
Phellinus
Que´l. represents a morphologically hetero-
geneous and phylogenetically polyphyletic assem-
blage (Fiasson 1982; Fiasson and Niemela¨1984;
Fischer 1996; Wagner and Fischer 2001, 2002) that
includes smaller and more natural genera, for
example
Fomitiporella
Murrill,
Fomitiporia
Murrill,
Fuscoporella
Murrill and
Fuscoporia
Murrill (Wagner
and Fischer 2002).
Fuscoporia
was described to accommodate species
with hyaline and smooth basidiospores and hymenial
setae (Murrill 1907). The genus has been accepted by
several authors (Cunningham 1965, Dai 1999) and
currently comprises about 40 species, of which nine
have been reported from Rio Grande do Sul and
Santa Catarina, southern Brazil (Groposo et al 2007).
In this article we describe a new, unusual species of
Fuscoporia
having hymenial setae with a bifurcate or
spiny apex. This study comprises preliminary results
of a taxonomic survey of xylophilous Basidiomycetes
in mangrove areas in the state of Santa Catarina,
Brazil.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specimens were collected from mangrove forests on Santa
Catarina Island (27u359S, 48u329W), municipality of Flo-
riano´polis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The characteristic
mangrove species on this island are
Avicennia schaueriana
Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke,
Laguncularia racemosa
(L.)
C.F. Gaertn. and
Rhizophora mangle
L. (Souza-Sobrinho et
al 1969).
Basidiomata were cut by hand for microscopic study and
sections were mounted in 5%KOH with 1%aqueous
phloxine solution or Melzer’s reagent (Singer 1949).
Whenever possible at least 20 elements of each microstruc-
ture were measured (hyphae, hymenial setae, basidia and
basidiospores). Line drawings were made with the aid of a
camera lucida. Colors are according to Munsell (1975). The
specimens are deposited in herbaria FLOR and O (Holm-
gren et al 1990).
TAXONOMY
Fuscoporia bifurcata Baltazar, Trierveiler-Pereira,
C.L. Leite et Ryvarden, sp. nov. FIGS. 1–2
MycoBank: MB 511815
Ad
Fuscoporia gilva
setis hymeniis simplicibus, bifurcatis
vel spinis subapicalibus praeditis, 28.0252.0 36.029.0 mm;
basidiosporis cylindricis, hyalinis, levibus, 6.028.5 3
2.024.0 mm, inamyloideis, indextrinoideis, acyanophilis
differt.
HOLOTYPUS (hic designatus): Brasilia, Santa
Catarina, Floriano´polis, Manguezal do Rio Tavares,
gregarius in ligno putrido, 27 Apr 2006, L. Trierveiler-
Pereira & H.B. Mozerle 222 (FLOR 31897); in
herbarium FLOR conservatus est (ISOTYPUS O).
Basidiomata
annual to perennial, effuse-reflexed,
solitary, consistence coriaceous to slightly woody
hard.
Pileus
broadly attached, semicircular, applanate
to triquetrous or slightly ungulate, 0.8–2.6 30.8–1.8
cm and up to 1.0 cm thick; upper surface azonate to
concentrically zonate, then sulcate and rugose,
glabrous, yellow (10 YR 7/8 and 2.5 YR 7/8),
brownish yellow (10 YR 6/8), yellowish brown (10
YR 5/6 and 10 YR 5/8), brown to strong brown (7.5
YR 4/4) and dark reddish brown (5 YR 3/3).
Margin
thin to slightly thick, yellow (10 YR 7/8 and 2.5 Y 7/8)
and brownish yellow (10 YR 6/8).
Pore surface
pale
yellow (2.5 Y 7/4), yellow (10 YR 8/6, 2.5 Y 8/6 and
2.5 Y 7/6), brownish yellow (10 YR 6/8) and olive
yellow (2.5 Y 6/8); dark red at first, then black in
contact with KOH 5%; pores round to angular, 4–8
per mm, margin sterile up to 0.5 cm; tubes single-
layered, concolor with pore surface, up to 0.3 cm
deep, dissepiments entire, slightly thick.
Context
Accepted for publication 9 April 2009.
1
Corresponding author. E-mail: jm-baltazar@hotmail.com
2
E-mail: lt_pereira@yahoo.com.br
Mycologia,
101(6), 2009, pp. 859–863. DOI: 10.3852/08-082
#2009 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897
859

homogenous, compact, dense, shining, azonate to
zonate, up to 0.5 cm thick, yellow (10 YR 7/8),
brownish yellow (10 YR 6/8) and yellowish brown (10
YR 5/8), often with a yellowish brown (10 YR 5/8)
line between context and tube layer.
Hyphal system
dimitic; generative hyphae simple-
septate, hyaline, golden yellow to rusty brown, thin to
thick-walled, 1.5–4.0 mm, rarely branched, some rusty
brown thick-walled hyphae with distant septa, thin-
walled hyphae at dissepiments edges encrusted;
skeletal hyphae thick-walled, unbranched, dark
brown, 3.0–4.5 mm.
Basidia
claviform, hyaline, 4-
sterigmated, smooth, thin-walled, 12.0–16.0 35.0–
6.0 mm.
Basidiospores
cylindrical to ellipsoid, hyaline,
smooth, thin-walled, 6.0–8.5 32.0–4.0 mm, negative in
Melzer’s reagent.
Hymenial setae
abundant, straight to
ventricose, dark brown and thick-walled, simple,
bifurcate or with few spines in the apex, 28.0–52.0
36.0–9.0 mm.
Cystidioles
frequent.
Tramal setae
and
setal hyphae
absent.
Habitat.
Dead branches and trunks of
A
.
schaueri-
ana
(black mangrove); living tree and dead branches
of
L
.
racemosa
(white mangrove) and other unidenti-
fied substrates in mangrove areas.
Specimens examined
: BRAZIL. STATE OF SANTA CAT-
ARINA: Floriano´polis, Manguezal do Rio Tavares. On dead
trunk of
A
.
schaueriana
, 27 Apr 2006, L. Trierveiler-Pereira
& H.B. Mozerle 222 (Holotype FLOR 31897, Isotype in O);
Manguezal do Itacorubi. On dead trunk of
A
.
schaueriana
,
26 Oct 2005, L. Trierveiler-Pereira & J.M. Baltazar
067
(FLOR 32189); Manguezal de Ratones. On dead trunk of
L
.
racemosa
, 31 Oct 2005, J.M. Baltazar & L. Trierveiler-Pereira
029 (FLOR 32141); Manguezal do Saco Grande. On dead
trunks of unidentified species, 22 Dec 2005, J.M. Baltazar &
L. Trierveiler-Pereira 079 (FLOR 32143); Manguezal do
Saco Grande. On dead trunk of
L
.
racemosa
, 22 Dec 2005,
J.M. Baltazar & L. Trierveiler-Pereira 084 (FLOR 31895);
Manguezal do Saco Grande. On living
L
.
racemosa
, 27 Apr
2006, J.M. Baltazar & A. Regolin 165 (FLOR 31896);
Manguezal do Rio Tavares. On dead trunk of
A
.
schaueri-
ana
, 27 Apr 2006, L. Trierveiler-Pereira & H.B. Mozerle 221
(FLOR 32190).
Etymology.
The name refers to the presence of
hymenial setae with a bifurcate apex.
Taxonomic remarks.
Although simple setae are
found in almost all microscopic preparations of
F
.
bifurcata
, bifurcate or spiny hymenial setae are common
in the hymenium. Bifurcate setae also were observed in
other Hymenochaetaceae species, such as
Hymeno-
chaete paucisetosa
J.C. Le´ger & Lanq. (Le´ger and
Lanquetin 1983),
Phellinus bicuspidatus
Lombard &
M.J. Larsen (Lombard and Larsen 1985) and
Phellinus
extensus
(Le´v.) Pat. (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980). The
presence of lateral and subapical spiny processes in
hymenial setae was described for
Phellinus spinescens
J.E. Wright & G. Coelho (Coelho and Wright 1996).
The basidiospores of
Fuscoporia bifurcata
are
unusually long, up to 8.5 mm. Other exceptions in
the genus are
Fuscoporia viticola
(Schwein.) Murrill
and
Fuscoporia cinchonensis
(Murrill) Bondartseva &
S. Herrera, in which the basidiospores measure
respectively up to 8.0 and 8.4 mm long (Herrera-
Figueroa and Bondartseva 1982, Larsen and Cobb-
Poulle 1990).
Fuscoporia bifurcata
has a dense macroscopic
structure similar to
Fuscoporia gilva
(Schwein.) T.
Wagner & M. Fisch. However the two species are easily
separated by the presence of bifurcate/spiny setae
and larger basidiospores in the former. Furthermore
F. bifurcata
has solitary basidiomata and a yellowish
pore surface while
F. gilva
normally has imbricate
basidiomata and a brown pore surface, usually in
shades of red to purple (Ryvarden and Johansen
1980, Loguercio-Leite and Wright 1995, Dai 1999).
Fuscoporia callimorpha
(Le´v.) Groposo, C.L. Leite &
Go´es-Neto, which is also similar to
F
.
bifurcata
, has
basidiospores up to 4.5 mm long and smaller pores
(Larsen and Cobb-Poulle 1990).
KEY TO SPECIES OF
FUSCOPORIA
FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL
(UPDATED FROM GROPOSO ET AL 2007)
1a. Basidiomata completely resupinate ............ 2
1b. Basidiomata effuse-reflexed to pileate . . . ....... 5
2a. Tramal setae present, spores ellipsoid ....... 3
2b. Tramal setae absent, spores cylindrical....... 4
3a. Subulate hymenial setae present, 223 pores per
mm ............................
F. contigua
3b. Ventricose hymenial setae present, 6 pores per
mm ..........................
F. ferruginosa
4a. Tubes distinctly layered .............
F. ferrea
4b. Tubes not layered . . .........
F. punctatiformis
5a. Hooked and straight hymenial setae both pres-
ent............................
F. wahlbergii
5b. Only straight hymenial setae present ........... 6
FIG. 1. Basidiomata of
Fuscoporia bifurcata
on dead
trunk of
Laguncularia racemosa
. Bar 55 cm.
860 MYCOLOGIA

6a. Hymenial setae subulate . .......
F. callimorpha
6b. Hymenial setae ventricose ................ 7
7a. Pileus with tomentose or finely velutinate upper
surface . . . ..........................
F. gilva
7b. Pileus glabrous ........................... 8
8a. Bifurcate or spiny hymenial setae present,
basidiospores 6.028.5 mm long .....
F. bifurcata
8b. Bifurcate or spiny hymenial setae absent (all
setae apically simple), basidiospores up to 4.0
mm long ............................. 9
9a. Distinct tube layers present, context yellow
......
...........................F.rhabarbarina
9b. Distinct tube layers absent, context brown
.......
..........................F.flavomarginata
FIG. 2. Microscopic features of
Fuscoporia bifurcata
(all from holotype). a. Hymenium. b. Basidia. c. Basidiospores. d. Thin-
walled generative hyphae. e. Encrusted generative hyphae from dissepiment. f. Thick-walled generative hyphae. g. Skeletal
hyphae. h. Hymenial setae. Bar 510 mm.
BALTAZAR ET AL:NEW
F
USCOPORIA
SPECIES 861

Ecological remarks.
Fourteen species of Hymeno-
chaetaceae have been reported from mangroves
(Fidalgo 1968; Kohlmeyer 1969; Larsen and Cobb-
Poulle 1990; Sota˜o et al 1991, 2002, 2003; Campos and
Cavalcanti 2000; Poonyth et al 2000; Gilbert and Sousa
2002; Campos et al 2003; Schmit and Shearer 2003;
Nieves-Rivera et al 2005), all of them belonging to
Phellinus s.l.
Among these species three belong to
Fuscoporia
:
F
.
callimorpha, F
.
gilva
and
F
.
bifurcata
.
Fuscoporia callimorpha
was reported on dead trunks
of
L
.
racemosa
and
F. gilva
on dead
Avicennia germinans
(L.) Stearn,
L. racemosa
and
R
.
mangle
(Gilbert and
Sousa 2002, Campos et al 2003, Schmit and Shearer
2003).
Fuscoporia bifurcata
was collected on dead trunks
of
A
.
schaueriana
and
L. racemosa
. Although one
specimen was gathered on living
L. racemosa
,more
studies are necessary to ascertain whether the species
attacks living plant tissues. These data show that species
of
Fuscoporia
have no host specificity in mangrove forests.
KEY TO SPECIES OF HYMENOCHAETACEAE REPORTED
FROM MANGROVES
1a. Hymenial setae present . . ................... 2
1b. Hymenial setae absent. . . ................... 8
2a. Setal hyphae or tramal setae present . . ...... 3
2b. Setal hyphae or tramal setae absent . . . ...... 4
3a. Pores 8–10 per mm, basidiospores 4.5–6.0 34.5–
5.0 mm..................
Inonotus pachyphloeus
3b. Pores 6–7 per mm, basidiospores 3.0–4.0 32.5–3.0
mm.......................
Phellinus lamaensis
4a. Hymenial setae with bifurcate/spiny apex fre-
quent, basidiospores 6.0–8.5 mmlong.......
...............................
Fuscoporia bifurcata
4b. Hymenial setae simple, basidiospores up 6.0
mm long ............................. 5
5a. Pores 4–5 per mm, hymenial setae acuminate. ....
..............................
Phellinus terminaliae
5b. Pores smaller, hymenial setae subulate to ventricose 6
6a. Hymenial setae ventricose. . .
Fuscoporia callimorpha
6b. Hymenial setae subulate . . ............... 7
7a. Dissepiments lacerate to dentate, margin acute,
basidiospores 3–5 32–3.5 mm.....
Fuscoporia gilva
7b. Dissepiments entire, margin obtuse, basidiospores
4.5–6 33.5–5 mm..............
Fuscoporia senex
8a. Basidiospores hyaline, dextrinoid. . . . . ....
............................
Fomitiporia punctata
8b. Basidiospores colored, indextrinoid . . . ...... 9
9a. Basidiomata resupinate, pores 3–4 per
mm ......................
Phellinus adhaerens
9b. Basidiomata pileate sessile, pores smaller ....... 10
10a.Pores 7–10 mmpermm................. 11
10b.Pores larger . . ....................... 12
11a.Basidiomata ungulate to subungulate, basidio-
spores golden yellow ...........
Phellinus merrillii
11b.Basidiomata applanate, basidiospores rust
brown....................
Fulvifomes fastuosus
12a.Context with a distinct black line.........
.....................
Phellinus mangrovicus
12b.Context without a black line . . . .......... 13
13a.Basidiomata upper surface cracking irregularly
with age, basidiospores 5–7.5 34.2–6
mm........................
Fulvifomes rimosus
13b.Basidiomata not as above, basidiospores 4–5 33.5–
5mm......................
Phellinus swieteniae
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors acknowledge Dr Tatiana B. Gibertoni (UFPE,
Recife, Brazil), who organized a short course during the 5th
Brazilian Mycology Congress, where the authors examined
materials and discussed taxonomic problems. Dr David
Bousfield is thanked for his help with the English review
and Luis Adriano Raposo for providing expertise in digital
art. The Brazilian authors also thank CNPq for financial
support and fellowships, as well for FAPESC grants.
LITERATURE CITED
Campos EL, Cavalcanti MAQ. 2000. Primeira ocorreˆncia de
Phellinus mangrovicus
(Imaz.) Imaz. para o Brasil. Acta
Bot Bras 14:263–265.
———, Sota˜oHM,CavalcantiMAQ,LuzAB.2003.
Basidiomycetes de Manguezais da APA de Algodoal-
Maiandeua, Para´, Brasil. Bol Mus Paraense Emı´lio
Goeldi, ser Cieˆncias Naturais 1:141–146.
Coelho G, Wright JE. 1996.
Phellinus spinescens
sp. nov. on
bamboo from South America. Mycotaxon 59:383–387.
Cunningham GH. 1965. Polyporaceae of New Zealand. N Z
Dep Sci Ind Res Bull 164:1–304.
Dai YC. 1999.
Phellinus sensu lato
(Aphyllophorales, Hyme-
nochaetaceae) in East Asia. Acta Bot Fenn 166:1–115.
Fiasson JL. 1982. Distribution of styrylpyrones in the
basidiocarps of various Hymenochaetaceae (Aphyllo-
phorales, Fungi). Biochem Syst Ecol 10:289–296.
———, Niemela¨ T. 1984. The Hymenochaetales: a revision
of the European poroid taxa. Karstenia 24:14–28.
Fidalgo O. 1968.
Phellinus pachyphloeus
and its allies. Mem
New York Bot Gard 17:109–147.
Fischer M. 1996. On the species complexes within
Phellinus
:
Fomitiporia
revisited. Mycol Res 100:1459–1467.
Gilbert GS, Sousa WP. 2002. Host specialization among
wood-decay polypore fungi in a Caribbean mangrove
forest. Biotropica 34:396–404.
Groposo C, Loguercio-Leite C, Go´ es-Neto A. 2007.
Fusco-
poria
(Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales) in southern
Brazil. Mycotaxon 101:55–63.
Herrera-Figueroa S, Bondartseva MA. 1982. Especies del
ge´nero
Phellinus
(Basidiomycetes: Hymenochaetaceae)
nuevas o poco conocidas en Cuba. Acta Bot Cub 8:1–
17.
Holmgren PK, Holmgren NH, Barnett LC. 1990. Index
herbariorum I. The herbaria of the world., New York:
New York Botanical Garden: Bronx. 704 p.
Kohlmeyer J. 1969. Ecological notes on fungi in mangrove
forests. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 53:237–250.
862 MYCOLOGIA

Larsen MJ, Cobb-Poulle LA. 1990.
Phellinus
(Hymenochae-
taceae) A survey of the world taxa. Synopsis Fungorum
3. Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. 206 p.
Le´ger JC, Lanquetin P. 1983. Description of morphology,
anatomy and cultural characters of
Hymenochaete
paucisetosa
spec. nov. Persoonia 12:87–94.
Loguercio-Leite C, Wright JE. 1995. The genus
Phellinus
(Hymenochaetaceae) on the Island of Santa Catarina,
Brazil. Mycotaxon 54:361–388.
Lombard FF, Larsen MJ. 1985.
Phellinus bicuspidatus
(Hymenochaetales, Hymenochaetaceae), a new species
associated with a white sap rot of oak in Louisiana.
Mycologia 77:55–61.
Munsell L. 1975. Munsell soil color charts. New York, NY:
USDA Handbook. Soil Survey Manual, vol 18.
Murrill WA. 1907. (Agaricales) Polyporaceae (pars). N Am
Fl 9:1–131.
Nieves-Rivera AM, Tattar TA, Ryvarden L. 2005. Manglico-
lous Basidiomycetes of southwestern Puerto Rico and
southwestern Florida (USA.). Hoehnea 32:49–57.
Poonyth AD, Hyde KD, Aptroot A, Peerally A. 2000.
Mauritiana rhizophorae
gen. et sp. nov. (Ascomycetes,
Requienellaceae), with a list of terrestrial saprobic
mangrove fungi. Fung Divers 4:101–116.
Ryvarden L, Johansen I. 1980. A preliminary polypore flora
of East Africa. Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. 636 p.
Schmit JP, Shearer CA. 2003. A checklist of mangrove-
associated fungi, their geographical distribution and
known host plants. Mycotaxon 80:423–477.
Singer R. 1949. The Agaricales (mushrooms) in modern
taxonomy. Lilloa 22:1–832.
Sota˜o HMP, Bononi VLR, Figueiredo TS. 1991. Basidiomyce-
tes de manguezais da Ilha de Maraca´, Amapa´, Brasil. Bol
Mus Paraense Emı´lio Goeldi, ser Bot 7:109–114.
———, Campos EL, Costa SPSE, Melo OA, Azevedo JC.
2002. Basidiomycetes macrosco´ picos de manguezais de
Braganc¸ a, Para´ , Brasil. Hoehnea 29:215–224.
———, ———, Gugliotta AM, Costa SPSE. 2003. Fungos
macrosco´ picos: Basidiomycetes. In: Fernandes MEB,
ed. Os manguezais da costa norte brasileira. Sa˜o Luiz,
MA: Fundac¸a˜o Rio Bacanga. p 45–59.
Souza-Sobrinho RJ, Bresolin A, Klein RM. 1969. Os
manguezais da Ilha de Santa Catarina. Insula 2:1–
21.
Wagner T, Fischer M. 2001. Natural groups and a revised
system for the European poroid Hymenochaetales
(Basidiomycota) supported by nLSU rDNA sequence
data. Mycol Res 105:773–782.
———, ———. 2002. Proceedings toward a natural
classification of the worldwide taxa
Phellinus s.l
. and
Inonotus s.l.
, and phylogenetic relationships of allied
genera. Mycologia 94:998–1016.
BALTAZAR ET AL:NEW
F
USCOPORIA
SPECIES 863