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Project monitoring model in central governmental administration
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the project monitoring model in the central government administration as a set of interrelated, complementary elements that influence the implementation of strategic projects on a nationwide scale and affect tens of millions of Polish citizens. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a literature review and analysis of the existing system, prospective directions for the monitoring of strategic projects were selected. As a result of this work, a model was created that was assessed for significance and replicability. The most experienced group of experts and practitioners in this field took part in the CAWI survey. Findings: The high level of significance of all areas of the model has been proven and its universal nature has been confirmed, thanks to the possibility of being used in other administrative units. Research limitations/implications: Due to limitations resulting from security procedures for research conducted in central government administration units, only closed questions were used in the research. In the future, the study can be carried out on another, larger population, having previously prepared it appropriately. Practical implications: The practical use of the model in administration units can contribute to increasing transparency, efficiency and automation of planning and implementation of projects. Social implications: Increasing the quality of implemented projects in accordance with the presented model may have a large, positive impact on the final beneficiaries - society, in terms of effective use of public funds, shortened project implementation time, and obtaining project results consistent with expectations. Originality/value: The article presents a new model of project monitoring in central government administration, which may be useful for scientists conducting research in the area of project monitoring and management in other countries. The article falls into the area of projectification of the public sector. Keywords: project management, central government administration, Project Management Office (PMO), significance assessment, feasibility assessment. Category of the paper: Research paper.
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Introduction
Co-creation of healthy food retail comprises the systematic collaboration between retailers, academics and other stakeholders to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. Research into the co-creation of healthy food retail is in its early stages. Knowledge of the roles and motivations of stakeholders in intervention design, implementation and evaluation can inform successful co-creation initiatives. This study presents academic experiences of stakeholder roles and motivations in the co-creation of healthy food retail environments.
Methods
Purposive sampling of academics with research experience in the co-creation of healthy food retail initiatives. Semi-structured interviews conducted between October and December 2021 gathered participants’ experiences of multi-stakeholder collaborative research. Thematic analysis identified enablers, barriers, motivations, lessons and considerations for future co-creation of healthy food retail.
Results
Nine interviewees provided diverse views and applications of co-creation research in food retail environments. Ten themes were grouped into three overarching areas: (i) identification of stakeholders required for changes to healthier food retail; (ii) motivations and interactions, which included the intrinsic desire to build healthier communities along with recognition of their work; and (iii) barriers and enablers included adequate resourcing, effective and trusting working relationships and open communications.
Conclusion
This study provides insights that could help future co-creation in healthy food retail environments. Trusting and respectful relationships and reciprocal acknowledgement between stakeholders are key practices in the co-creation process. These constructs should be considered in developing and testing a model that helps to systematically co-create healthy food retail initiatives that ensure all parties meet their needs while also delivering research outcomes.
Auditing activity, in the last decade, is one of the most dynamically changing types of economic activity, on the one hand, due to an increase in the number of state projects implemented by many countries, and on the other hand, due to technological innovations and digitalization. Russian auditing practices are also being actively reformed. For example, the Ministry of Energy is updating their audit methodology. The subject of this study is to ensure the efficiency of spending public funds for the implementation of strategic projects. The object of this study is the methodology of a state audit. An analysis of the currently used Russian and international standards for public audits shows that there are many opportunities to improve the methodology for conducting financial, strategic and performance audits. First of all, there is a need to solve methodological problems in monitoring the efficiency of investment developments, since partnerships between private investors and government bodies for the implementation of strategic projects have expanded. The main difficulty of audit methodology is the definition of a system of target criteria in long-term projects. Quite often it is difficult to determine the main expected result, for example, financial, or social efficiency or the adequacy of multi-unit tariffs. All these circumstances determine the relevance of methodological changes. The aim of this study is to develop a new audit methodology as, first of all, a management technology. We use a result-oriented approach that is based on the developed system of indicators, to evaluate the effectiveness of an institutional project and to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental costs and technological innovations to reduce anthropogenic emissions and to create a single Asian energy space.
Background:
Telemedicine has become more relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, medical students and professionals do not acquire competences in telemedicine during their training. Our objective was to describe the self-reported perception and baseline knowledge of telemedicine among medical students and professionals enrolled in a virtual course.
Methods:
Cross-sectional study that included physicians or medical students aged 18 years or older who were interested in a free virtual telemedicine course and who completed the data collection questionnaire. We used a Likert scale to assess the self-reported perceptions of four domains related to telemedicine. The participants were grouped into three levels for each domain: low, medium and high. We also objectively assessed telemedicine knowledge by means of 10 questions, with a cut-off point of 50% of correct answers. The Fisher's exact test, the Chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for the comparison of categorical data. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
We included 161 participants: 118 medical students and 43 physicians. We observed no significant differences between medical students and physicians in self-reported perceptions of knowledge, security, or utility of telemedicine. However, students had a high self-reported perception of the disadvantages of telemedicine especially related to patient security (p = 0.018), efficiency of care (p = 0.040), and the possibility of medical malpractice (p = 0.010) compared to physicians. Nearly half of the students (n = 53,44.9%) and physicians (n = 22,51.7%) answered 50% or more of the questions related to telemedicine knowledge correctly.
Conclusion:
Among the physicians and medical students enrolled in the course, the students perceived the disadvantages of telemedicine more frequently. Although physicians and students have limited knowledge of telemedicine, there appears to be no influence of experience and prior training in telemedicine.
Factors responsible for the failure of most development projects are multifaceted. This study focused on unearthing the causes and effects of public project failure from the perspective of project stakeholders. Sixty stakeholders working on different public projects in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana completed a questionnaire. This study found that major causes of project failure were related to corruption, payment delays, procurement processes, planning, monitoring, bureaucracy, communication, and supervision. The perceived effects of project failure included revenue loss, discouraged investment, and unemployment. Project failure increased the initial cost of projects, impacted economic growth, led to the provision of substandard infrastructure and service relocation. Other effects of project failure were loss of capacity for public projects and emotional stress experienced by project stakeholders. The government of Ghana should adopt strategies to overcome corruption, bureaucracy, and unnecessary political influence. Finally, the government should cooperate with relevant sta-keholders to implement measures geared towards improving the current system for procurement , supervision, monitoring, planning, and management practices.
Background:
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2016 report on the trauma care system recommended establishing a National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP) to strengthen and guide future trauma research. To address this recommendation, the Department of Defense funded a study to generate a comprehensive research agenda spanning the trauma and burn care continuum. Panels were created to conduct a gap analysis and identify high-priority research questions. The NTRAP panel reported here addressed trauma systems and informatics.
Methods:
Experts were recruited to identify current gaps in trauma systems research, generate research questions, and establish the priorities using an iterative Delphi survey approach from November 2019 through August 2020. Panelists were identified to ensure heterogeneity and generalizability, including military and civilian representation. Panelists were encouraged to use a PICO format to generate research questions: Patient/Population; Intervention; Compare/Control; Outcome. In subsequent surveys, panelists prioritized each research question on a 9-point Likert scale, categorized as low, medium, and high priority items. Consensus was defined as ≥60% agreement.
Results:
Twenty-seven subject matter experts generated 570 research questions, of which 427 (75%) achieved the consensus threshold. Of the consensus reaching questions, 209 (49%) were rated high priority, 213 (50%) medium priority, and 5 (1%) low priority. Gaps in understanding the broad array of interventions were identified, including those related to healthcare infrastructure, technology products, education/training, resuscitation, and operative intervention. The prehospital phase of care was highlighted as an area needing focused research.
Conclusions:
This Delphi gap analysis of trauma systems and informatics research identified high-priority research questions that will help guide investigators and funding agencies in setting research priorities to continue to work toward Zero Preventable Deaths after trauma.
Level of evidence:
Level IV.
Type of research:
Expert consensus.
Public affairs at the Post-modern Era suffer mainly from two major problems: A continues shortage of investment funds and b. a persisting struggle upon the main social services’ quality. The author relates to these issues by offering better ways and more sophisticated methods for combining Private funds with public demanding customers. In general, the Author suggests to divide all public activities into two categories; Category 1 – includes all Defense, Security, Law and Social services - the Software Group 1. Category 2 – includes all types of public works, Infrastructures, constructions communication lines etc. – the Hardware group 2. Principally, most expenses of Group 1 would be financed by regular budgets and funds. Group 2 costs and expenses would be financed by investment Banks and commercial funds. This schematic partition may provide a serious leverage for further development. In addition, some novel ways for improving collaboration between the public and the private sectors is offered. For improving the quality of the social services, the author suggests to expand the use of vertical modes of operation (projects), rather than the use of the popular horizontal ones (traditional organizational set-ups). A short discussion on project management is therefore included. Additionally, the author discusses the issue of bureaucracy in Public Administration. After reviewing Max Weber’s 6 major principles of the Theory of Bureaucracy, some critics and renovations are suggested. At the end the author offers some operational advices with the hope to see future Public Administration more peoplefriendly and a more human-oriented enterprise
The subject of the research is the possibility of implications of project management tools within the possibility of implementing reforms in public administration in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. For this purpose, the Stop bureaucracy strategy and its two reforms in the field of informatization with the objective - to allow technically and legislatively the replacement of paper confirmations requested by public authorities in accordance with the "once and only principle” in the Slovak Republic - were selected. The results point to the fact that in addition to the need to involve relevant actors to ensure the effectiveness and democratic aspect of policy making in multi-level governance, the duration of the relevant parliamentary term also has a direct impact on the possibilities of implementing reforms and their projects in public administration. The review of two reforms in the recent two parliamentary terms provides an insight into other attributes that, in synergy, affect the possibility of implementing changes in the public administration of the Slovak Republic during one parliamentary term.
This study uses a meta-analysis to synthesize the effects of agricultural cooperative membership on the yield of crops and livestock. It collects 158 estimated yield effects from 42 studies, covering 19 developing countries. Our analysis finds evidence that there exists positive publication bias in the empirical literature, confirming that researchers and journals have a preference to publish articles that report positive and significant results. After correcting for publication bias, we find that cooperative membership has a small-sized and insignificant effect on the yield. The meta-regression analysis reveals that variation in the reported yield effects can be largely explained by the study attributes such as the sample type (full sample vs. subsample), membership ratio, econometric approaches (instrumental-variable based parametric approach, non-parametric approach or ordinary least square regression), effect size types (average treatment effects on the treated, average treatment effects, or coefficient), agro-product type (grain or others), and climate zones (tropical or non-tropical).
The aim of this study is to determine the prerogatives of digital modernization of the public administration system based on the assessment of the development of digital government and the identification of major barriers. That involves both organizational and procedural changes and cultural changes in public authorities, personnel and qualification structures, interaction with citizens, and the effectiveness of public services. In the course of the study, statistical methods were used (qualitative and quantitative analysis), and empirical methods. Despite the automation of public authorities in recent years, the results of the transfer of public services to electronic format remain unsatisfactory. Digital modernization of the public administration system involves expanding methods for analyzing and evaluating the implementation of state programs, including auditing the effectiveness of their implementation. Currently, the assessment involves calculating the degree of achievement of the target values of performance indicators of projects, and monitoring is the assessment of the share of key events (activities) that occurred on time. The use of technologies of predictive analytics, and artificial intelligence has significantly changed the quality of information and analytical support of decisions. "Big data" processing technologies contribute to the adaptation of public policy measures to the needs and characteristics of the recipients of regulation.
Background
Limited studies have examined the relationship of neighborhood cohesion and sleep duration between U.S. foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos and non-Hispanics/Latinos.
Methods
We conducted a multinomial logistic regression using the 2013-2018 National Health Interview Survey on U.S. foreign-born adults ≥18 (N = 27,253). The outcome variable, sleep duration, was categorized as short sleep (≤6 hours), normal sleep (7 to 8 hours), and long sleep (≥9 hours). Neighborhood cohesion was categorized using tertiles (low, medium, high) from self-reported Likert scores. Our model included sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, marital status), socioeconomic status (i.e., education, employment status), health risk behaviors (i.e., body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status), ethnic identity (i.e., Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central or South American, other/multiple Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic/Latino), and acculturation factors (i.e., years lived in the U.S.; the language of interview).
Results
Participants reporting low and medium neighborhood cohesion compared to high neighborhood cohesion had 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]:1.33-1.58) and 15% (95%CI:1.05-1.26) increased odds of short sleep (≤6 hours), compared to normal average sleep. Mexican participants had decreased odds of experiencing short sleep (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.82, 95%CI:0.73-0.92), while Puerto Ricans had increased odds of experiencing short sleep (AOR = 1.25, 95%CI:1.03-1.51) compared to non-Hispanics/Latinos.
Conclusion
Neighborhood cohesion was associated with increased odds of short sleep duration. Social determinants, acculturation, and behavioral risk factors in the context of neighborhood cohesion are critical to understand U.S. foreign-born Hispanic/Latino sleep duration, as these factors may negatively synergize to exacerbate risk, worsening mental and physical health outcomes.
Public policy is increasingly implemented through projects and project managers are often hired on temporary contracts to manage the implementation. There is scant research on how temporary employment affects public governance. This article explores how the employment of managers with part-time and limited duration contracts affects public innovation.
In this paper we investigate the dimensions of emerging adulthood on medical students. Our aim is to explore special characteristics and possible differentiations between university medical students in comparison with other disciplines. We argue that university is a social context that plays a critical role on the development and shaping the identity of young students. In our case we examine medical students of a Greek peripheral university in order to trace the characteristics of their emerging adulthood. The research was conducted between November 2019-January 2020, with the participation of 110 students of School of Medicine of Patras University in Greece. The research tool was Arnett's IDEA questionnaire, adjusted by the researchers. The results confirmed the emerging adulthood characteristics of medical students, nevertheless interesting findings also revealed. It seems that demanding and/or difficult university programs with emphasis on practical experience during studies, foster young students to manifest adult characteristics earlier than their peers.
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This paper introduces the reader to a special issue focused on Collaborative Governance implementation. The purpose of this symposium is to advance our understanding of the cross-cutting and complex issues of collaborative governance implementation, which include: (a) supporting the collaborative process through innovative models and methods for enhancing a shared understanding of community problems and outcomes, (b) fostering the interplay between service policy and service delivery, and (c) combining a public service view with an institutional and interinstitutional view.
The materiality matrix is a tool that helps companies understand how the stakeholders’ view of material issues in environmental, social, and economic/governance dimensions influences their value creation process, and creates triple bottom line impacts through shaping their strategic business model elements. Building on the multidimensional definition of materiality, we propose to use the materiality matrix as a tool to aid the transformation of a company’s existing traditional business model into a more sustainable one (inside-out approach), and to enable the identification of the most appropriate business model archetype to incorporate innovation into its sustainable business model (outside-in approach). This paper presents the materiality matrix as a new tool to enhance and transpose a company’s business model towards sustainability—as illustrated through the analysis of the Viña Concha y Toro business model case. This new tool contributes to sustainable business model literature and stakeholder theory by incorporating the materiality matrix as a gateway to business model innovation, and as a tool to explain the dynamics in the sustainable value creation process and concomitant impact on stakeholders.
Public administration research has documented a shift in the locus of discretion away from street-level bureaucrats to “systems-level bureaucracies” as a result of new information communication technologies that automate bureaucratic processes, and thus shape access to resources and decisions around enforcement and punishment. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are accelerating these trends, potentially altering discretion in public management in exciting and in challenging ways. We introduce the concept of “artificial discretion” as a theoretical framework to help public managers consider the impact of AI as they face decisions about whether and how to implement it. We operationalize discretion as the execution of tasks that require nontrivial decisions. Using Salamon’s tools of governance framework, we compare artificial discretion to human discretion as task specificity and environmental complexity vary. We evaluate artificial discretion with the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, equity, manageability, and political feasibility. Our analysis suggests three principal ways that artificial discretion can improve administrative discretion at the task level: (1) increasing scalability, (2) decreasing cost, and (3) improving quality. At the same time, artificial discretion raises serious concerns with respect to equity, manageability, and political feasibility.
Understanding why employees go the extra mile at work is a key problem for many organizations. We conduct a field experiment at a medical organization to study motivations for employees to submit project proposals for organizational improvement. In total, we analyze 1237 employees, 118 proposals, and quality evaluations for more than 12,000 evaluator-proposal pairs. The analysis shows that solicitations offering a personal reward for top submissions boost participation rates without affecting submission quality. We show that this is due to workers partially internalizing the positive effects of their submissions on the other individuals in the workplace. We also find that offering employees project funding to implement their own proposals potentially backfires, undermining participation. And solicitations emphasizing mission-oriented goals, like improving patient care, are sensitive to the solicited person's gender, with women responding more than men. These results shed light on the factors that drive employees’ engagement in organizational tasks, beyond regular duties, and provide insights on how to design incentives to foster contributions to public goods inside organizations.
This paper presents a mapping between the artefacts from the two recognized portfolio management standards: the 'Standard for Portfolio Management' from Project Management Institute (PMI) and the 'Management of Portfolios' (MoP) from Axelos developed by the Office Government Commerce (OGC). The purpose of this paper is to increase our understanding of "how to perform" project portfolio management as the project portfolio management in organizations is still not well structured. The overall mapping between PMI and OGC artefacts shows that PMI artefacts has more detailed by OGC artefacts. Only two artefacts from PMI and OGG have a similar correspondence, 'Portfolio' and the 'Portfolio Roadmap'. The OGC artefacts 'Portfolio's Business Case' and the 'Portfolio Skills Register', are not concepts explored in PMI artefacts. The paper shows the explanatory power of the portfolio artefacts for conducting the project portfolio management processes.
The Brazilian government is maintaining several digital inclusion projects, providing computers and Internet connection to developing regions around the country. However, these projects can only succeed if they are constantly assessed; namely, the projects infrastructure deployment must be closely monitored and evaluated. In this paper, we introduce a system called SIMMC, which is currently monitoring and evaluating more than 4,500 computing devices from Brazilian digital inclusion projects. This system is innovative because, in addition to being used by the government for managing and expanding its projects, the collected data is also publicly available on a web page, allowing the citizens to follow the projects’ deployment. We describe the SIMMC architecture, reporting some techniques used to optimize its data analysis processes, and describe how the information acquired and presented by the system has been used to enable
public administration overhaul and improve efficiency on the project management, as well as its strategic use for security, theft, and defrauding.
Community health workers form the backbone of healthcare systems globally. The rapid expansion of mobile communications systems represents an opportunity to improve the productivity of community health workers in rural areas. Here, we describe a programme in rural Nepal that aimed to implement a mobile phone system for collecting health surveillance data, yet did not reach its fullest potential due to several programme management challenges during the implementation of the surveillance programme. Despite early successes with the mobile phone system itself, the programme ultimately failed due to leadership transitions, poor process design and a lack of consistent vision of how to operationalise the data. This field report provides important insights into the design, maintenance and pitfalls of similar community-based mobile health initiatives and technology innovation projects in general.
Understanding stakeholder dynamics and their impact on project management is crucial, especially for large and complex projects such as nuclear waste repositories. This study examines the stakeholder dynamics during the project front-end stage of two pioneering nuclear waste repository projects. To analyze changes in stakeholders' importance and position on a project, we propose and apply a new conceptual framework: a stakeholder salience-position matrix. The study explicates how stakeholder dynamics are influenced by the interaction of stakeholders' influence behavior, stakeholder management activities, and the project's contextual conditions. Prior stakeholder literature has rarely conceptualized the elements of stakeholder dynamics in a systematic manner.
Critical care patients benefit from the attention of nursing personnel with a high competence level. The aim of the study was to describe and evaluate the self-assessed basic competence of intensive care unit nurses and related factors. A cross-sectional survey design was used. A basic competence scale (Intensive and Critical Care Nursing Competence Scale version 1, Likert scale 1-5, 1 = poor and 5 = excellent) was employed among Finnish intensive care unit nurses (n = 431). Intensive care unit nurses' self-assessed basic competence was good (mean 4.19, SD 0.40). The attitude and value base of basic competence was excellent whereas experience base was the poorest compared to the knowledge base and skill base of intensive and critical care nursing. The strongest factor explaining nurses' basic competence was their experience of autonomy in nursing care (F value 60.85, β 0.11, SE 0.01, and P ≤ 0.0001). Clinical competence was self-rated as good. Nurses gave their highest competence self-ratings for ICU patient care according to the principles of nursing care. The ICU nurses also self-rated their professional competence as good. Collaboration was self-rated as the best competence. In basic and continuing education and professional self-development discussions it is meaningful to consider and find solutions for how to improve nurses' experienced autonomy in nursing.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore a classic tool in project management, which for some has become almost synonymous with project management: the Gantt chart. The Gantt chart was developed in the early twentieth century, at the heart of Scientific Management; yet, the chart is used with very little adaptation across a wide range of types of projects. In this conceptual paper, the authors question its universal and unreflective use.
Design/methodology/approach
– The authors analyse the conceptual roots of the Gantt chart, its historical development and use, derive its engrained principles, and analyse its implications to the management of projects.
Findings
– While a Gantt chart can be useful to cope with some of the “complicatedness” of projects, and embraces the importance of time and timing, it is based on principles that are not valid to all projects. The consequence is a propagation of a management approach that does not explicitly cope with complexity, ambiguity, uncertainty and change. In that respect, the Gantt chart fails to acknowledge insights from years of organization theory research and project management research with a firm grounding in contingency theory.
Originality/value
– While the majority of contemporary project management thinking already accepted that a normative use can be inappropriate, the practice is still pretty much embracing this approach. By showing the conceptual roots of the Gantt chart, the authors hope to make some of its limitations more evident to practitioners and academics, and encourage its use to be more reflective and contextualised.
innovations to push the conversation about the digital transformation of the public
sector forward. This special issue focuses on actual implementation approaches or
challenges that public managers are facing while they fulfil new policy that asks for
the implementation of AI in public administrations. In addition to assessing the
contributions of papers in this issue, we also provide a research agenda on how future
research can fill some of the methodological, theoretical, and application gaps in the
public management literature.
Modernization in irrigation has finally touched down in Indonesia with better efforts in technological advancement, institutional strengthening and human resource enhancement. The current project in Kedungputri has proven to hold the potential for modernization. This paper answers how ready the irrigation area status is for the modernization ideal. The ambitious project is performed on a premium irrigation area, an irrigation area with a reservoir as its water source, or in this case potential reservoir as the dam is still under construction. It is a strategic project, with its upstream Bener Dam constructed by the Government of Indonesia with financing of the World Bank's SIMURP (Strategic Irrigation Modernization and Urgent Rehabilitation Project). The analysis uses purposive sampling and qualitative methodology based on existing documents and evidence of the ongoing modernization project since 2019. This readiness status is based on five pillars of the Indonesian version of irrigation modernization. The findings show that the conditions of institutional arrangements have unique and significant impacts on the readiness status, which is covered under the soft components. We urge that modernization efforts should start with the soft components. En fin, la modernisation de l'irrigation a touché l'Indonésie grâce à de meilleurs efforts déployés en matière de progrès technologique, de renforcement institutionnel et de valorisation des ressources humaines. Le projet actuel à Kedungputri s'est avéré contenir le potentiel pour la modernisation. Cet article répond à la question de savoir si la zone d'irrigation était prête pour l'idéal de modernisation. Le projet ambitieux est réalisé dans la zone d'irrigation supérieure ou la zone d'irrigation ayant l'eau d'un réservoir comme source. Il s'agit d'un projet stratégique dont le barrage de Bener, en amont, a été construit par le gouvernement indonésien grâce au financement du SIMURP (Projet stratégique de modernisation de l'irrigation et de réhabilitation urgente) de la Banque mondiale. L'analyse utilise un échantillonnage calculé et une méthodologie qualitative basée sur les documents existants et les preuves du projet de modernisation en cours depuis 2019. Cet état de préparation se base sur cinq piliers de la version indonésienne de la modernisation de l'irrigation. Les résultats montrent que l'état des dispositions institutionnelles exerce des impacts uniques et significatifs sur l'état de préparation, qui est couvert par les composantes souples. Nous insistons sur le fait que les efforts de modernisation devraient commencer par la composante souple.
Infrastructure development is the top priority of the Indonesian government. The development of transportation network infrastructure is expected to support the growth of national and international economies by connecting regions and opening public and commodity access. The new integrated growth cities were developed to reduce the burden of Jakarta as the central government and economic national centre. Legal aspects become one of the main issues in realising government politics in developing infrastructure. The national strategic project approach became a mechanism to connect a new development centre, such as the Metropolitan Bandung Area, through infrastructure development. However, its implementation requires a legal and regulatory basis with various technical, social, and economic considerations, including anticipating its environmental impact. This research paper aims to give an academic review of the problem of infrastructure development in Indonesia. The normative legal approach is based on the law's theory, concepts, and principles by considering the technical aspects to develop alternative solutions to provide legal certainty in developing infrastructure in Indonesia. The rules for spatial planning are a key issue in developing infrastructure related to random locations and land acquisition. This conflict becomes a major obstacle in developing new primate cities in Indonesia.
Arboretum is a Rokan Hulu Regency, there are various kinds of attractions, which consist of cultural tourism, culinary tourism, historical tourism, religious tourism and nature tourism. The natural tourism object in Rokan Hulu Regency is Aek Martua Waterfall. This waterfall has a height ranging from 15 meters to the highest reaching 40 meters. The uniqueness and privilege, makes many tourists call the Aek Martua Waterfall as the Thousand Stairs Waterfall. That is what creates a tourist attraction so that tourists visit there. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential and attraction of Aek Martua's water. Potential measurement using the One Score-One Indicator System Method, namely giving a score of 1 (one), for 1 (one) indicator, with the scale used is 1-7 (a development of the Likert scale 1-5). The use of scale 1-7 is applied because it is in accordance with the character of Indonesian society which articulates a value in great detail (Avenzora 2008). Value score 1-7. Potential Assessment and Tourism Attraction consisting of; (1) Uniqueness (2) Beauty (3) Scarcity (4) Timeliness (5) Accessibility (6) Sensitivity (7) Social Function with the average Potential and Attractiveness value of Aek Martua Waterfall (5.11), i.e. attractive, so what needs to be added are facilities and infrastructure as well as one-stop tour management.
IMPACT
This article introduces a new decision-support tool designed as an optimization model for managing the implementation of the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF). The model was initially constructed for utilization during the 2014–2020 programming period in Slovakia; however, it is also applicable to past and future programming periods for assessments and process evaluations. The application of this model during the early stages of a programming period will provide managing authorities with a framework to set up the targets and desired trajectories of the implementation process. The additional use of the model is during the later stages of the programming period, when it reveals implementation and management bottlenecks and helps improve existing managerial processes. Additionally, the model serves as an early warning mechanism for national co-ordination bodies and managing authorities.
Multi-project management is typically considered an intra-organizational endeavor of implementing strategies through programs, portfolios, or lineages of change and development projects. Inter-organizational multi-project management takes place between project-based firms and other actors in project networks. The multi-project aspects in inter-organizational contexts cause significant management complexity, but their specific requirements are inadequately understood. This article explores the nature and requirements of project-based firms’ multi-project management in inter-organizational contexts. Parallel and sequential inter-organizational multi-project settings are proposed as an expansion to the dominant intra-organizational research. A thematic framework is developed based on stakeholder and agency theories and previous knowledge from portfolio and program management research complemented with an inductive analysis of extant literature. Consequently, we map and report previous research on multi-project management requirements relevant to inter-organizational contexts concerning strategy, resources, governance, and learning. Propositions are developed and future research is recommended in these domains.
This article examines current reform experiences in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, focusing on the assumed Nordic administrative model. The research questions is: How do Nordic public sector executives perceive reform processes, trends, contents and management instruments? To answer these questions we apply a theory of gradual institutional change. The database is a survey of top civil servants in ministries and central agencies in 19 European countries conducted in 2012–2015 within the COCOPS project funded by the EC 7th Framework Program. We show that the Nordic countries are pragmatic and motivated reformers. There is a high level of reform activity and public involvement. The reforms aim to improve services more than cut costs. The Nordic model emerges as one that is agile and adaptive. New reform elements have been incorporated into the existing welfare state model, which accounts for differences between the five countries.
Artificial intelligence (AI) extends the limits of current performance in data processing and analysis many times over. Since this states a great improvement in managing public data, this conceptual study discusses the use of AI in public management structures in connection with their risks and side effects. The exercise of state power and public influence through intelligent machines make ethical and political guidelines essential for their operation, constituting the cornerstones of the AI framework model developed here. The organizational structure and technical specification are additional aspects of the AI that determine design and functionality of the framework model in practical application. © 2018
The aim of this study is to investigate whether the features characterizing the modern public administrations, their organizational models, and the activities carried out, are still rooted in the old bureaucratic approach. The research gathered data from a questionnaire administered to 156 Italian public officers, employees, and managers. The analysis consists of a correlation test and a regression test to verify the hypotheses related to the aim of the study. The research shows that, despite the changes driven by NPM reforms, the Italian Public Administration is still linked to a bureaucratic model. Findings also show that Italian public servants are highly motivated despite the activities they carry out are strongly standardized. Additionally, it clearly emerges that in some cases Italian public administrations are perceived by their employees as pervaded by anarchy. The article has both interesting academic and practical implications for the management of public administrations.
Project management offices (PMOs) are frequently referred to as necessary, or even indispensable, for carrying out projects in multi-project settings, which often occur in public authorities' Information Technology (IT) projects; particularly in times of today's sweeping digitalization. Hence, this research studied Swedish public authorities and their IT departments' use of PMOs; a survey was directed to IT project managers. Findings showed that even though PMOs are commonly described as significant, those that applied PMOs were fewer than those that did not. This research searched for correlations between the existence of PMOs and 88 variables that resulted in relatively few, mostly weak correlations. A hypothesis test did not show significant association between PMOs' usage and project models' usage. The research contributions are principally that PMOs do not appear to be that significant after all for Swedish public authorities, and to have reasonable expectations on PMOs. For practice, the implications foremost concern the importance of understanding conceivable pros and cons. Copyr ight © 2017, SciKA. General per missio n t o republish in pr int or elect ronic forms, but not for profit , all or part of t his mat er ial is grant ed, provided t hat t he Int ernat ional Jour nal o f I nfor mat io n S yst ems and Pro ject Manage ment copyr ight notice is given and t hat reference made t o t he publicat ion , t o it s dat e of issue, and t o t he fact t hat reprint ing pr ivileges were grant ed by per miss io n o f SciKA-Associat ion for Pro mot ion and D isseminat io n o f Scient ific Knowledge. Are PMOs really that momentous for public authorities?
Program management has taken its position in project management research and in public and private organizations as a successful method for managing complex, uncertain, and large-scale changes. During the past 25 years, research has evolved from programs as the conceptual extension of projects to a rich field of empirical studies reflecting the special natures and contexts of change programs and their management, with unique theoretical foundations. To take stock of this recent history, in this article we analyze the patterns of previous empirical studies on change program management and their theoretical foundations. The goal is to identify and summarize proposals to guide forthcoming program management research. The results reveal three main themes of ongoing research: managing over the change program lifecycle, managing programs in their context, and program managers' capabilities. The roots of change program management in organization theories are apparent; structural contingency theory and information processing theories have dominated in previous empirical research, but are clearly being extended to agency, stakeholder, and actor-network theories. New research ideas are proposed for the use of programs in various types of changes, value creation and delivery through change programs, the profiles and capabilities of different actors in program management, the coexistence and interplay of multiple programs, and the complex stakeholder networks involved with change programs. When change becomes more prevalent in the organizations' dynamic contexts, there is an increasing need to develop program management toward an organizational capability for managing value-oriented, integrated, and multi-project change in complex stakeholder contexts.
In view of the rising social and economic inequalities, public service delivery should be both universal, i.e. independent of the recipients' social or economic status, and contextualized, i.e. able to compensate for different local needs and conditions. Reconciling both properties requires various forms of innovations, chief among them innovations in digital public services. Building upon the four-stage model underpinning the United Nations e-Government Survey, the paper puts forward a framework for developing such innovations, and populates it with transparent, participatory, anticipatory, personalized, co-created, context-aware and context-smart services (including real-life examples) as initial set of innovations. The paper also outlines new technical, organizational and policy-related government capabilities required to engage in digital public service innovations.
The monitoring progress of software projects has an effect on the success of software development. To control the operation of the projects as planned we have to know the progress of the projects during each time period. Staff's timesheet is one choice to apply for monitoring progress of the projects. This paper proposes an approach for monitoring software development using timesheet and project plan and the framework for supporting tool development. This approach uses the staff's timesheet to compare with the staff's work products to monitor and alert the project managers for improving the project plan when the project's performance deviated from the project plan.
In this special issue on project stakeholder management, the aim is to advance the understanding of this topic by looking into theory outside the project management field and by presenting findings from case studies. In this overview article, we identify the theoretical roots of the stakeholder concept and the current state of the field. We point to early proponents of stakeholder thinking. In addition, we point to recent concepts and developments outside the project management field that are relevant in the project management context; then, we introduce the articles included in the special issue; and, finally, we identify other relevant publications.
The 2010 Western Cape graduate destination survey utilised a sequential mixed-mode design in which an initial web survey was augmented with an equivalent telephonic survey. This article examines mode effect in the Western Cape survey in terms of overall effect size and the bearing it had on the main outcome of the study. Standardised residuals and Cramér’s V are used to determine mode effect across two scenarios, a full sample vs. a subsample, and using two categorical questions with different numbers of response categories. Overall effect size appears to be small in the first question, but increases noticeably together with non-responses in the second question that has many more response categories. Web responses to alumni or graduate destination surveys can perhaps be augmented with telephonic responses if necessary, provided response categories are kept to a minimum, and interviewers are trained properly and monitored for possible interviewer misbehaviour. The benefit of obtaining larger samples should then also outweigh the benefit of using web surveys alone.
When to terminate a new product development (NPD) project is an important economic decision and an interesting managerial dilemma. To date research examining NPD termination decisions has been largely focused on the single project level examining the impact of formal termination decision processes. This study examines these decisions at the organizational level exploring the impact of both executive advocacy behaviors and organizational context on the quality of 150 termination decisions in 40 German R&D units of pharmaceutical companies. We confirm that adopting termination decision processes such as formal decision criteria and decision committees has positive influences on the quality of the termination decision. However, our results also demonstrate that dysfunctional executive advocacy behavior has a greater negative influence on the quality of project termination decision suggesting that, while organizational governance components can and should be used to mediate executive behaviors, these factors alone will not ensure high quality NPD termination decisions.
Our aim is to develop a set of leading performance indicators to enable managers of large projects to forecast during project execution how various stakeholders will perceive success months or even years into the operation of the output. Large projects have many stakeholders who have different objectives for the project, its output, and the business objectives they will deliver. The output of a large project may have a lifetime that lasts for years, or even decades, and ultimate impacts that go beyond its immediate operation. How different stakeholders perceive success can change with time, and so the project manager needs leading performance indicators that go beyond the traditional triple constraint to forecast how key stakeholders will perceive success months or even years later. In this article, we develop a model for project success that identifies how project stakeholders might perceive success in the months and years following a project. We identify success or failure factors that will facilitate or mitigate against achievement of those success criteria, and a set of potential leading performance indicators that forecast how stakeholders will perceive success during the life of the project's output. We conducted a scale development study with 152 managers of large projects and identified two project success factor scales and seven stakeholder satisfaction scales that can be used by project managers to predict stakeholder satisfaction on projects and so may be used by the managers of large projects for the basis of project control.
The construction industry is widely being criticised as a fragmented industry. There are mounting calls for the industry to change. The espoused change calls for collaboration as well as embracing innovation in the process of design, construction and across the supply chain. Innovation and the application of emerging technologies are seen as enablers for integrating the processes ‘integrating the team’ such as building information modelling (BIM). A questionnaire survey was conducted to ascertain change in construction with regard to design management, innovation and the application of BIM as cutting edge pathways for collaboration. The respondents to the survey were from an array of designations across the construction industry such as construction managers, designers, engineers, design coordinators, design managers, architects, architectural technologists and surveyors. There was a general agreement by most respondents that the design team was responsible for design management in their organisation. There is a perception that the design manager and the client are the catalyst for advancing innovation. The current state of industry in terms of incorporating BIM technologies is posing a challenge as well as providing an opportunity for accomplishment. BIM technologies provide a new paradigm shift in the way buildings are designed, constructed and maintained. This paradigm shift calls for rethinking the curriculum for educating building professionals, collectively.
Previous research has considered combining different decision-making approaches to be critical to achieve flexibility in Project Portfolio Management (PPM). Lacking flexibility, i.e., making decisions only by rational and formal approaches, might lead to a deficient balance between different types of ideas and projects, and this may lead to innovation opportunities being missed. However, the challenges that decision makers might face in achieving that flexibility have not been investigated thoroughly. In an interview study of three industrial companies, we explored how different decision-making approaches are combined in PPM. We found that rational and formal decision-making processes are experienced as more legitimate than informal and non-rational ones. Decision makers deal with legitimacy by certain mechanisms that allow them to bypass high accepted approaches and legitimizing decisions made by low accepted ones. We discuss how these mechanisms, while contributing to achieving flexibility, might also cause a bias in decisions and destabilization in resource allocation.
Companies struggle with the sub-optimization and changes among their projects, even if various normative instructions and good practices have been introduced for project portfolio management. At the center of this paper is the need to understand project portfolio management in practice and in context. The purpose is to report a review on recent empirical research literature regarding project portfolio management, to draw attention to the limitations with viewing portfolio management as a rational decision process, and to develop new avenues for research regarding project portfolio management in practice and in context. As a result, this paper shows that, to respond to uncertainties and complexities in business environments, project portfolio management can be viewed as negotiation and bargaining and as structural reconfiguration, besides rational decision processes. These alternative perspectives offer new insight into the dilemmas identified in day-to-day project portfolio management and open up avenues for resolving them, thereby promoting success in project portfolio management.