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Cloning of CAT genes in Satsuma mandarin and their expression characteristics in response to environmental stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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Zhen Liu
Zhen Liu
Zhen Liu
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Ming-Ao Cao
Ming-Ao Cao
Ming-Ao Cao
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Kamil Kuca at University of Hradec Králové
Kamil Kuca
Mashael Daghash Alqahtani
Mashael Daghash Alqahtani
Mashael Daghash Alqahtani
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Key message CitCAT1 and CitCAT2 were cloned and highly expressed in mature leaves. High temperatures up-regulated CitCAT1 expression, while low temperatures and Diversispora versiformis up-regulated CitCAT2 expression, maintaining a low oxidative damage. Abstract Catalase (CAT), a tetrameric heme-containing enzyme, removes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to maintain low oxidative damage in plants exposed to environmental stress. This study aimed to clone CAT genes from Citrus sinensis cv. “Oita 4” and analyze their expression patterns in response to environmental stress, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation. Two CAT genes, CitCAT1 (NCBI accession: PP067858) and CitCAT2 (NCBI accession: PP061394) were cloned, and the open reading frames of their proteins were 1479 bp and 1539 bp, respectively, each encoding 492 and 512 amino acids predicted to be localized in the peroxisome, with CitCAT1 being a stable hydrophilic protein and CitCAT2 being an unstable hydrophilic protein. The similarity of their amino acid sequences reached 83.24%, and the two genes were distantly related. Both genes were expressed in stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, accompanied by the highest expression in mature leaves. In addition, CitCAT1 expression was mainly up-regulated by high temperatures (37 °C), exogenous ABA, and PEG stress within a short period of time, whereas CitCAT2 expression was up-regulated by exogenous ABA and low-temperature (4 °C) stress. Low temperatures (0 °C) for 12 h just up-regulated CitCAT2 expression in Diversispora versiformis-inoculated plants, and D. versiformis inoculation up-regulated CitCAT2 expression, along with lower hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in mycorrhizal plants at low temperatures. It is concluded that CitCAT2 has an important role in resistance to low temperatures as well as mycorrhizal enhancement of host resistance to low temperatures.
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Plant Cell Reports (2024) 43:123
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-024-03218-7
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cloning ofCAT genes inSatsuma mandarin andtheir expression
characteristics inresponse toenvironmental stress andarbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi
ZhenLiu1· Ming‑AoCao1· KamilKuča2· MashaelDaghashAlqahtani3· PandiyanMuthuramalingam4·
Qiang‑ShengWu1,2
Received: 9 January 2024 / Accepted: 12 April 2024 / Published online: 20 April 2024
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024
Abstract
Key message CitCAT1 and CitCAT2 were cloned and highly expressed in mature leaves. High temperatures up-
regulated CitCAT1 expression, while low temperatures and Diversispora versiformis up-regulated CitCAT2 expression,
maintaining a low oxidative damage.
Abstract Catalase (CAT), a tetrameric heme-containing enzyme, removes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to maintain low oxida-
tive damage in plants exposed to environmental stress. This study aimed to clone CAT genes from Citrus sinensis cv. “Oita
4” and analyze their expression patterns in response to environmental stress, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and arbuscu-
larmycorrhizal fungal inoculation. Two CAT genes, CitCAT1 (NCBI accession: PP067858) and CitCAT2 (NCBI accession:
PP061394) were cloned, and the open reading frames of their proteins were 1479bp and 1539bp, respectively, each encoding
492 and 512 amino acids predicted to be localized in the peroxisome, with CitCAT1 being a stable hydrophilic protein and
CitCAT2 being an unstable hydrophilic protein. The similarity of their amino acid sequences reached 83.24%, and the two
genes were distantly related. Both genes were expressed in stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, accompanied by the highest
expression in mature leaves. In addition, CitCAT1 expression was mainly up-regulated by high temperatures (37°C), exog-
enous ABA, and PEG stress within a short period of time, whereas CitCAT2 expression was up-regulated by exogenous ABA
and low-temperature (4°C) stress. Low temperatures (0°C) for 12h just up-regulated CitCAT2 expression in Diversispora
versiformis-inoculated plants, and D. versiformis inoculation up-regulated CitCAT2 expression, along with lower hydrogen
peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in mycorrhizal plants at low temperatures. It is concluded that CitCAT2 has an important
role in resistance to low temperatures as well as mycorrhizal enhancement of host resistance to low temperatures.
Keywords Antioxidase· Catalase· Citrus· Hydrogen peroxide· Low temperatures· Mycorrhiza
Introduction
Exposure of plants to abiotic stress increases cell membrane
permeability, leading to the leakage of electrolytes as well
as significant changes in lipid composition and metabolic
responses, all of which contribute to a high accumulation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing severe damage
to cytoplasms, proteins, DNA, and other macromolecules
(Barrero-Sicilia etal. 2017; Furtauer etal. 2019). Excessive
ROS in plants are mainly scavenged by the intracellular anti-
oxidant enzymes, which includes catalase (CAT), superoxide
dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase
(APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and others (Ali etal.
2023). Among them, CAT is a tetrameric heme-containing
enzyme found in many organelles such as peroxisomes,
Communicated by Muthu Thiruvengadam.
* Qiang-Sheng Wu
wuqiangsh@163.com
1 College ofHorticulture andGardening, Yangtze University,
Jingzhou434025, Hubei, China
2 Faculty ofScience, Department ofChemistry, University
ofHradec Kralove, HradecKralove50003, CzechRepublic
3 Department ofBiology, College ofScience, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box84428,
11671Riyadh, SaudiArabia
4 Division ofHorticultural Science, College ofAgriculture
andLife Sciences, Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju52725, RepublicofKorea
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
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