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From the Classroom to the African Newsroom: How Journalism Education Can Bridge the Gap between the Classroom and the Shrinking Newsroom
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This chapter examines the dynamics of financing in the Ghanaian media, focusing on revenue inflows, revenue strategies, and the factors impacting the financial health of the media. Ultimately, it makes a pronouncement on the financial health of the Ghanaian media. It is premised on the idea that the capacity of the media to deliver on their democratic and developmental mandates is directly linked to their finances and how that positions them to work independently. It used a mixed methods design combining content analysis and key informant interviews to gather evidence. The chapter reports that the overall financial health of the media is unstable and, at best, operating at break-even levels. The financial viability of the media is threatened by the poor Ghanaian economy, technology-driven pressures, industry saturation and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter also reports on the strategies by the media to expand their revenue sources and inflows. It concludes by recommending regulatory interest in sustainability planning by media organisations.
This study scrutinized the prevailing platform wherein change management is being practiced in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions (EHEIs) as per the theoretical argument of implementing change programs with their long-term consequences in mind. In this study the researcher investigated the change management protocol of Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions (EHEIs) since the education sector is identified as the key to unlocking the economic potentials of the country. However, the sector is earnestly constrained by a number of factors which include, but not limited to, poor change management protocols. Hence, in this study the researcher aspired to make a theoretical contribution to the body of knowledge related to change management protocols in EHEIs. In view of that, this research is fundamentally designed to observe the change management protocol of EHEIs; and put forward change management practices that bring about sustainable development in the institutions and beyond. Thus, the study primarily focused on identifying effective leadership styles to be followed during periods of change and how it can generate positive change that helps the attainment of sustainable developmental goals in EHEIs. The paper also discussed leaders' roles and deeds for effective management of change. A qualitative approach based on an extensive review of relevant literature is used to draw conclusions and recommendations. Accordingly, comprehensive enquiry of the data collected for the purpose of this study revealed that the development of new knowledge or insights that have the potential to influence behavior is the most important success factor for effective sustainable development. On the other hand, failure to progressively institutionalize change initiatives is the core cause why change initiatives often fail in EHEIs. The research findings, therefore, disclose that organizational learning should take place within the wide institutional context of inter-organizational relationships and an organization's acquisition of understanding, know-how, techniques and practices of any kind of change and by any means need to be stimulated. Conclusively, the paper stresses that effective leadership is the key to success of every organization, for EHEIs to achieve sustainable development, the senior management of the institutions have greater role to play. Turning institutions to learning organizations and adoption of transformational leadership style are recommended for effective change management process.
The differential spread and impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), across regions is a major focus for researchers and policy makers. Africa has attracted tremendous attention, due to predictions of catastrophic impacts that have not yet materialized. Early in the pandemic, the seemingly low African case count was largely attributed to low testing and case reporting. However, there is reason to consider that many African countries attenuated the spread and impacts early on. Factors explaining low spread include early government community-wide actions, population distribution, social contacts, and ecology of human habitation. While recent data from seroprevalence studies posit more extensive circulation of the virus, continuing low COVID-19 burden may be explained by the demographic pyramid, prevalence of pre-existing conditions, trained immunity, genetics, and broader sociocultural dynamics. Though all these prongs contribute to the observed profile of COVID-19 in Africa, some provide stronger evidence than others. This review is important to expand what is known about the differential impacts of pandemics, enhancing scientific understanding and gearing appropriate public health responses. Furthermore, it highlights potential lessons to draw from Africa for global health on assumptions regarding deadly viral pandemics, given its long experience with infectious diseases.
Journalism, more so than other professions, is entangled with technology in a unique and profoundly impactful way. In this context, the technological developments of the past decades have fundamentally impacted the journalistic profession in more ways than one, opening up new possibilities and simultaneously creating a number of concerns for people working in the media industry. The changes that were brought about by the rise of automation and algorithmic technology can mainly be observed in four distinct fields of application within journalism: automated content production, data mining, news dissemination and content optimization. This article focuses on algorithmic journalism and aims to highlight the ways that algorithmic technology is being utilized within those fields, as well as pointing out the ways in which these developments have altered the way journalism is being exercised in the modern world. The study also discusses challenges related to these technologies that are yet to be addressed, as well as potential future implementations related to algorithmic journalism that have the capacity to improve on the foundation of automation in the news industry.
The article discusses journalism education affected by the increased information scope, media convergence and introduction of new online teaching forms and face-to-screen communication during the coronavirus pandemic. Since the introduction of distance learning at universities, the quality of teaching and learning has been debated by students, teaching staff and officials. By having to overcome the difficulties, the students majoring in Journalism develop a necessary skill of gathering information and issuing school newspapers, radio and TV programs in the new informational reality of the crisis. The study included a survey aimed at finding out how students and faculty assess effectiveness of distance learning in COVID-19 context. Using a method of case study to make a complex analysis, the authors examine the academic process at the RUDN’s Department of Mass Communications as empirical object. The survey results reveal the key problems the respondents had to face when organizing and participating in the online learning process. The survey also helped to indicate the most convenient applications for online lecturing and the most effective teaching techniques, and to analyze the performance of the university’s internal telecommunication learning and information system.
Objective
To directly measure the fatal impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in an urban African population.
Design
Prospective systematic postmortem surveillance study.
Setting
Zambia’s largest tertiary care referral hospital.
Participants
Deceased people of all ages at the University Teaching Hospital morgue in Lusaka, Zambia, enrolled within 48 hours of death.
Main outcome measure
Postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs were tested via reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Deaths were stratified by covis-19 status, location, age, sex, and underlying risk factors.
Results
372 participants were enrolled between June and September 2020; PCR results were available for 364 (97.8%). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 58/364 (15.9%) according to the recommended cycle threshold value of <40 and in 70/364 (19.2%) when expanded to any level of PCR detection. The median age at death among people with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 was 48 (interquartile range 36-72) years, and 69% (n=48) were male. Most deaths in people with covid-19 (51/70; 73%) occurred in the community; none had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 before death. Among the 19/70 people who died in hospital, six were tested before death. Among the 52/70 people with data on symptoms, 44/52 had typical symptoms of covid-19 (cough, fever, shortness of breath), of whom only five were tested before death. Covid-19 was identified in seven children, only one of whom had been tested before death. The proportion of deaths with covid-19 increased with age, but 76% (n=53) of people who died were aged under 60 years. The five most common comorbidities among people who died with covid-19 were tuberculosis (22; 31%), hypertension (19; 27%), HIV/AIDS (16; 23%), alcohol misuse (12; 17%), and diabetes (9; 13%).
Conclusions
Contrary to expectations, deaths with covid-19 were common in Lusaka. Most occurred in the community, where testing capacity is lacking. However, few people who died at facilities were tested, despite presenting with typical symptoms of covid-19. Therefore, cases of covid-19 were under-reported because testing was rarely done not because covid-19 was rare. If these data are generalizable, the impact of covid-19 in Africa has been vastly underestimated.
Objectives
Limited SARS CoV 2 testing in many African countries has constrained availability of data on the impact of COVID-19 (CV19). To address this gap, we conducted a systematic post-mortem surveillance study to directly measure the fatal impact of CV19 in an urban African population.
Design
We enrolled deceased individuals at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) Morgue in Lusaka, Zambia. We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs for testing via reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) against the SARS-2 Coronavirus. We stratified deaths by CV19 status, by location, age, sex, and underlying risk factors.
Setting
UTH is Zambia’s largest tertiary care referral hospital and its morgue registers ∼80% of Lusaka’s deaths.
Participants
Participants of all ages were enrolled if within 48 hours of death and if the next of kin or representative provided written informed consent.
Results
We enrolled 372 participants between June and September 2020, and had PCR results for 364 (99.5%). CV19 was detected in 70/364 (19.2%). The median age for CV19+ deaths was 48 years (IQR 36-72 years) and 70% were male. Most CV19+ deaths (51/70, 72.8%) occurred in the community; none had been tested for CV19 antemortem. Among the 19/70 facility deaths, six were tested antemortem. Among the 52/70 CV19 deaths with symptoms data, 44/52 had typical symptoms of CV19 (cough, fever, shortness of breath), of whom only five were tested antemortem. We identified CV19 among seven children; only one had been tested antemortem. The proportion of CV19+ deaths increased with age, but 75.7% of CV19+ deaths were aged <60 years. The five most common co-morbidities among CV19+ deaths were: tuberculosis (31.4%); hypertension (27.1%); HIV/AIDS (22.9%); alcohol use (17.1%); and diabetes (12.9%).
Conclusions
Contrary to expectations, CV19+ deaths were common in Lusaka. The majority occurred in the community where testing capacity is lacking. Yet few who died at facilities were tested, despite presenting with typical symptoms of CV19. Therefore, CV19 cases were under reported because testing was rarely done, not because CV19 was rare. If our data are generalizable, the impact of CV19 in Africa has been vastly underestimated.
Although a plethora of extant literature categorises them as natives in the digital world, it has been counter-argued that a considerable group of young people cannot be designated as 'digital natives'. This argument stems from the evidence for non-enthusiasm, non-exposure as well as non-adeptness to digital/new media technologies among certain groups of young people. Through a scoping review of relevant literature and a thematic content analysis, this article explores digital inequalities suffered by 'digital natives' which render them 'strangers' in the digital technological world, although they have been born at a time of an abundance of digital communication technologies. It was found that the concept of 'digital natives' could be dichotomous-being native based on a period in which one was born and being native through expression of competency in the use of digital technologies. It was also found, among other things, that 'digital natives' could be 'strangers' in the digital world as a result of disinterest, illiteracy, economic constraints, poor network connectivity, lack of electric power and inadequate practical accessibility. The article concludes that the real 'digital natives' are the ones who use and express competency in the use of digital technologies, no matter the period they were born in. It was also recommended that in a period marked by limited physical contacts as a result of a global outbreak of disease, there is a need for greater efforts in bridging the digital disparity gap among all generational cohorts as work, business, teaching and learning shift online. One such is to include languages of digitally marginalised groups-digital strangers-(as a result of illiteracy) during programming of digital technologies. This can afford them the opportunity to use the voice optimisation features of digital devices in their local languages or be able to translate text on devices into their local languages in order to effectively deploy them.
The Covid-19 pandemic has raised significant challenges for the higher education community worldwide. A particular challenge has been the urgent and unexpected request for previously face-to-face university courses to be taught online. Online teaching and learning imply a certain pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), mainly related to designing and organising for better learning experiences and creating distinctive learning environments, with the help of digital technologies. With this article, we provide some expert insights into this online-learning-related PCK, with the goal of helping non-expert university teachers (i.e. those who have little experience with online learning) to navigate in these challenging times. Our findings point at the design of learning activities with certain characteristics, the combination of three types of presence (social, cognitive and facilitatory) and the need for adapting assessment to the new learning requirements. We end with a reflection on how responding to a crisis (as best we can) may precipitate enhanced teaching and learning practices in the postdigital era.
One major concern about fake news is that it could damage the public trust in democratic institutions. We examined this possibility using longitudinal survey data combined with records of online behavior. Our study found that online misinformation was linked to lower trust in mainstream media across party lines. However, for moderates and conservatives, exposure to fake news predicted a higher confidence in political institutions. The mostly right-leaning fake news accessed by our moderate-to-conservative respondents could strengthen their trust in a Republican government. This was not true for liberals who could be biased against such content and less likely to believe its claims.
Influencer marketing is the practice of compensating individuals for posting about a product or service on social media. Influencer marketing is on the rise, and many marketers now plan either to start using influencers or to increase their use of them in their media mixes. Despite such growth, relatively little strategic or academic insight exists that is specific to influencers. In this article, we describe the roots of influencer marketing and the many different types of influencers that now exist. We identify influencers’ three functional components: the audience, the endorser, and the social media manager. We then detail for each of these components the different sources of value influencers potentially offer marketers. We draw on relevant academic research to offer advice about how to leverage each component strategically. We close by describing how the interplay of these functional components makes influencers a potentially powerful—and undervalued—marketing tool.
The increasing influence of actors who might not fit into traditional definitions of a journalist but are taking part in processes that produce journalism has attracted scholarly attention. They have been called interlopers, strangers, new entrants, peripheral, and emergent actors, among others. As journalism scholars grapple with how to refer to these actors, it is important to reflect on the assumptions that underlie emerging labels. These include: 1) what journalistic tasks are involved; 2) how and why these journalistic tasks are performed; 3) who is making the definition; and 4) where and when these actors are located. However, journalism being the centre of our investigation should not automatically assume that it is at the centre of social life. So, it might also be that for the technological field, journalism is at the periphery; that for these technology-oriented actors whose influence across fields is increasing, journalists and what they do are at the periphery. For a field that supposedly plays an important role in public life, this has important implications.
There is much debate in the literature concerning the changes necessary for university accounting education to meet the needs of the business environment and broader society. In the USA the Pathways Commission has responded by implementing a programme of evaluation and improvement. In the UK there is no formal agenda for change. This paper compares the situation in the UK to that set out in the Pathways Commission. Two research questions are asked. (1) What should be included in a programme of change in the UK? (2) What are the impediments to the change? The questions are answered by reviewing the literature to firstly consolidate the calls for change and secondly to analyse the circumstances affecting UK accounting degrees. The paper calls on the accountancy profession, universities and academics in the UK to embark on a programme of change similar to the USA to agree a core curriculum, an appropriate academic resourcing strategy and a revised pedagogy. It argues that for significant and lasting change to emerge impediments in three areas need to be addressed. (1) The interface between professional accountancy bodies (PABs) and university academics. (2) The impact of institutional policies on accounting degrees. (3) The identity of UK university accounting academics.
In Communication as...: Perspectives on Theory, editors Gregory J. Shepherd, Jeffrey St. John, and Ted Striphas bring together a collection of 27 essays that explores the wide range of theorizing about communication, cutting across all lines of traditional division in the field. The essays in this text are written by leading scholars in the field of communication theory, with each scholar employing a particular stance or perspective on what communication theory is and how it functions. In essays that are brief, argumentative, and forceful, the scholars propose their perspective as a primary or essential way of viewing communication with decided benefits over other views.
Autoethnografie ist ein Ansatz zum Forschen und zur Präsentation von Forschungsergebnissen, der persönliche Erfahrungen systematisch beschreibt und analysiert, um auf diesem Weg kulturelle Erfahrung zu verstehen. Hierbei werden traditionelle Wege des Forschens und der Darstellung "der Anderen" kritisch infrage gestellt, denn Forschung wird als politisches, auf soziale Gerechtigkeit zielendes und sozial bewusstes Handeln verstanden. Forschende nutzen Mittel der Autobiografie und der Ethnografie, um Autoethnografie zu betreiben und darzustellen. Als Methode bezeichnet Autoethnografie gleichermaßen einen Prozess und ein Produkt. Autoethnography is an approach to research and writing that seeks to describe and systematically analyze personal experience in order to understand cultural experience. This approach challenges canonical ways of doing research and representing others and treats research as a political, socially-just and socially-conscious act. A researcher uses tenets of autobiography and ethnography to do and write autoethnography. Thus, as a method, autoethnography is both process and product. La autoetnografía es un acercamiento a la investigación y a la escritura que busca describir y analizar sistemáticamente la experiencia personal con el fin de comprender la experiencia cultural. Este acercamiento desafía las maneras canónicas de hacer investigación y representar a los demás y trata a la investigación como un acto político, socialmente justificado y socialmente consciente. Un investigador usa principios de la autobiografía y la etnografía para hacer y escribir autoetnografía. Porque, como método, la autoetnografía es tanto proceso como producto.
Leading scholars chart the future of studies on technology and journalism in the digital age.
The use of digital technology has transformed the way news is produced, distributed, and received. Just as media organizations and journalists have realized that technology is a central and indispensable part of their enterprise, scholars of journalism have shifted their focus to the role of technology. In Remaking the News, leading scholars chart the future of studies on technology and journalism in the digital age.
These ongoing changes in journalism invite scholars to rethink how they approach this dynamic field of inquiry. The contributors consider theoretical and methodological issues; concepts from the social science canon that can help make sense of journalism; the occupational culture and practice of journalism; and major gaps in current scholarship on the news: analyses of inequality, history, and failure.
ContributorsMike Ananny, C. W. Anderson, Rodney Benson, Pablo J. Boczkowski, Michael X. Delli Carpini, Mark Deuze, William H. Dutton, Matthew Hindman, Seth C. Lewis, Eugenia Mitchelstein, W. Russell Neuman, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Zizi Papacharissi, Victor Pickard, Mirjam Prenger, Sue Robinson, Michael Schudson, Jane B. Singer, Natalie (Talia) Jomini Stroud, Karin Wahl-Jorgensen, Rodrigo Zamith
Using mixed-method approach and technology acceptance model (TAM)/diffusion of innovation theory (DOIT), this study evaluates the challenges and opportunities of COVID-19 driven virtual learning in undergraduate media programmes at Ghanaian public universities. A survey of 270 was sampled composed of 250 students and 20 lecturers and revealed that commitment from both lecturers and students towards virtual instruction is weak. We also found that lecturers and students were not consulted about the learning platforms the universities chose, and they had no orientation on their usage. However, some participants argue that virtual learning is crucial to media studies going forward and by these; we propose a blended learning approach that merges the physical and virtual spaces of instruction in a framework termed CHALLOPP workflow.
This study tests how perceptions of misinformation and disinformation in one’s general news media environment relate to media trust and media consumption patterns, relying on survey data from 10 European countries. The results show that perceptions of misinformation and disinformation are both related to reduced trust in the news media. Furthermore, they go hand in hand with reduced consumption of traditional TV news, but with no changes in newspaper and (mainstream) online news use. Finally, those with stronger perceptions of misinformation and disinformation are more likely to consume news on social media and alternative, non-mainstream outlets. This pattern is stronger for those with higher perceptions of disinformation. These findings indicate that news users who distrust the veracity and honesty of the news media may turn to alternative outlets that reflect anti-establishment worldviews.
This autoethnography concludes the author’s trilogy on the history of the South African Communication Association (SACOMM) in this 40th anniversary issue of African Journalism Studies, previously titled as Ecquid Novi, a key player since 1981 within the Association. The author discusses paradigmatic contestations and associated administrative arrangements within SACOMM as indicators of post 2000 university managerialism and performance management, in the context of wider political processes. A discussion of naming of the Association reconsiders SACOMM’s origins and history. The successes of the Association in terms of post-apartheid national policy are examined in terms of SACOMM’s achievements and organisational assumptions. Lessons learned are related briefly to other African associations.
Despite signs of declining press trust in many western countries, we know little about trends in press trust across the world. Based on comparative survey data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and European Values Study (EVS), this study looks into national levels of trust in the press and identifies factors that drive differences across societies and individuals as well as over time. Findings indicate that the widely noted decline in media trust is not a universal trend; it is true for only about half of the studied countries, with the United States experiencing the largest and most dramatic drop in trust in the press. Political trust has emerged as key factor for our understanding of trust in the press. We found robust evidence for what we called the trust nexus—the idea that trust in the news media is strongly linked to the way publics look at political institutions. The link between press trust and political trust was considerably stronger in politically polarized societies. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the relation between press trust and political trust is becoming stronger over time. We reason that the strong connection between media and political trust may be driven by a growing public sentiment against elite groups.
Since 1994, South African journalism education has undergone waves of introspection about curricula and methods of teaching as educators respond to the challenging realities of the post-apartheid environment. The most recent challenge to journalism educators is the student protests which started at the end of 2015, questioning the high costs of education and demanding “decolonization” of curricula. The traditional alignment with media companies has also been upended as the drastic contraction of newsrooms removes the promise of jobs upon graduation and the swiftly shifting digital terrain rearranges the financial basis of all journalism. These factors introduce a dynamism and uncertainty into South African journalism that educators are compelled to respond to with imagination and principle.
Trust has long been considered an important factor that influences people’s relationship with news. However, the increase in the volume of information available online, together with the emergence of new tools and services that act as intermediaries and enable interactivity around the news, may have changed this relationship. Using Reuters Institute Digital News Report survey data (N = 21,524), this study explores the impact of individual trust in the news media on source preferences and online news participation behaviour, in particular sharing and commenting, across 11 countries. The results show that those with low levels of trust tend to prefer non-mainstream news sources like social media, blogs, and digital-born providers, and are more likely to engage in various forms of online news participation. These associations tend to be strongest in northern European countries, but are weaker elsewhere. Seeking alternative views and attempting to validate the credibility of news may be among the motivations behind these associations.
A survey of 30 of China's journalism and communication schools traces changes and continuity in the country's journalism education in the past three decades during which dramatic economic and sociopolitical reforms were implemented. Guided by the classic theories of the press and their more recent extensions, this study focuses on two major areas of observation and analysis: (1) journalism schools' internal structural adaptation to the changing social environment; and (2) facilitating forces and constraints imposed on journalism education reform stemming from a unique mixture of commercialization under authoritarian political control. The authors found increasingly intimate ties between pedagogical strategies and market demands. However, despite attempts to push the ideological limits towards more liberalized training, journalism schools continue to yield to political pressure for conformity to the orthodox party line.
Newspaper developed in Ireland as a political press, with each publication clearly identified with particular political groupings. However, for reasons of economics journalism itself developed a professional paradign, that stressed impartiality, so allowing journalists to move from publication to publication regardless of the politics or religion of the journalist. Newspapers and journalists also helped develop a civil society that contributed to the eventual democratic nature of the Irish state, following independence.
With full awareness that criteria are mutable, the author argues that ethnography needs to be evaluated through two lenses: science and arts. The author suggests five criteria: substantive contribution, aesthetic merit, reflexivity, impact, and expression of a reality.
This article presents a conceptual framework derived from institutional theory in sociology that offers two competing policy contexts in which charter schools operate—a bureaucratic frame versus a decentralized frame. An analysis of evolving charter school types based on three underlying theories of action is considered. As charter school leaders pursue new and different forms of schooling, they are challenged by well-established bureaucratic rules and norms that define what it means to be a legitimate school. Microlevel institution-building efforts, however, may represent viable alternatives to the institutional order of public education as charter school leaders attempt to achieve scale.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the requirements of accounting graduates in relation to generic attributes. Employers have consistently maintained that graduates are deficient in this area. This Australia‐wide, all‐sector study addresses the issue by examining what employers mean when they make demands for universities and academics to deliver work‐ready graduates.
Design/methodology/approach
– Interviews (recorded, transcribed and analysed with NVivo) with employers, and accounting professional bodies were conducted to ascertain their views of their needs of accounting graduates into the future.
Findings
– Employers held the generic attributes of communication, team work and self‐management to be the most critical for graduates in the three areas of recruitment, training and ongoing employment. Demands on universities to deliver work‐ready graduates are not homogeneous. Employers in different sectors construe the meaning of generic attributes in line with their specific needs.
Originality/value
– The study was an original piece of work that gauged the opinions of professional accounting bodies and employers of accounting graduates across Australia and in all sectors of the accounting profession. The value of the study is to inform academics as to the ranked importance of generic attributes but also alert them to the different meanings that are assigned to these skills by employers in different sectors.
This article proposes that changing technology influences journalism in at least four broad areas: (1) how journalists do their work; (2) the content of news; (3) the structure or organization of the newsroom; and (4) the relationships between or among news organizations, journalists and their many publics. Although new media such as the Internet, World Wide Web and digital video are perhaps the most visible examples of technologies that are transforming journalism, the history of journalism is in many ways defined by technological change. The article concludes with a proposed research agenda for the study of journalism and technological change.
Media can be classified broadly into four historical ages: the ages of newspapers and place, magazines and class, broadcasting and mass, and Internet and space. During the rise of each of these new media, diverse groups strive to gain access to it so they can voice and further their particular agendas. As communication technology develops, however, media tend to evolve from being shared by many receivers to being used primarily on individual levels. As the Internet connects more people globally and provides opportunity for unparalleled diversity in space, it also has the capacity to isolate users who form communities online only with others like themselves. This article examines the historical development of mass media in the US and explores contemporary research directions. Future communication scholars can draw upon past communication theories, but it is argued that the era of mass communication is over. Hence, those theories - and new ones - must be crafted to cross traditional boundaries of scholarly inquiry and thus to more effectively observe and explain modern communication and social system interactions.
Disrupted Media - Disrupted Academy: Rethinking African J-Schools: A Discussion Paper
- Franz Krüger
- Krüger Franz
Krüger, Franz. 2022. Disrupted Media -Disrupted Academy: Rethinking African J-Schools: A Discussion
Paper. Cambridge, MA: The Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy.
English Department Faculty Members Address. Immediate Concerns Future Possibilities With Artificial Intelligence ChatGPT
- Schmidt Evan
Schmidt, Evan. 2023. English Department Faculty Members Address. Immediate Concerns, Future
Possibilities With Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT. https://english.fsu.edu/article/englishdepartment-faculty-members-address-immediate-concerns-future-possibilities.
New Bioengineering Major Culminated Department’s Evolution
- Abate Tom
Abate, Tom. 2015. "New Bioengineering Major Culminated Department's Evolution." October 22,
2015. https://engineering.stanford.edu/news/new-bioengineering-major-culminated-departmentsevolution.
Proliferation of Journalism Schools in Nigeria: Implication for Quality and Professionalism. An Unpublished Seminar Paper Presented at the Department of Communication & Language Arts
- Amenaghawon Francis
Amenaghawon, Francis. 2010. Proliferation of Journalism Schools in Nigeria: Implication for Quality
and Professionalism. An Unpublished Seminar Paper Presented at the Department of
Communication & Language Arts, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
History of Journalism Education: An Analysis of 100 Years of Journalism Education. Louisiana State University Master's Theses
- Hilary Dunn
- Akers
- Dunn Hilary Akers
Dunn, Hilary Akers. 2018. History of Journalism Education: An Analysis of 100 Years of Journalism
Education. Louisiana State University Master's Theses. 4635. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/
gradschool_theses/4635.
Is Working Remotely Effective?
- Hickman Adam
- Jennifer Robison
Hickman, Adam, and Jennifer Robison. 2020. "Is Working Remotely Effective? Gallup Research Says
Yes." Gallup Gallup Research. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/283985/working-remotelyeffective-gallup-research-says-yes.aspx.
Africa’s Media Boom: The Role of International Aid
- Mary Myers
- Myers Mary
Myers, Mary. 2014. Africa's Media Boom: The Role of International Aid. Vol. 2. Washington: Centre for
International Media Assistance). https://www.cima.ned.org/publication/africa_s_media_boom__
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Mapping Journalism Training Centres in sub-Saharan Africa. FOJO: Media institute, Linnaeus university
- Alan Finlay
- Finlay Alan
Finlay, Alan. 2020. Mapping Journalism Training Centres in sub-Saharan Africa. FOJO: Media institute,
Linnaeus university; University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
The Future of Education and Skills: Education 2030
- Oecd
OECD. 2018. The Future of Education and Skills: Education 2030. OECD. oecd.org/education/2030/
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The Future of Remote Work.” Paper presented at the Social Science Research Network Working Paper
- Adam Ozimek
- Ozimek Adam