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183
Three novel species of Aquapteridospora (Distoseptisporales,
Aquapteridosporaceae) from freshwater habitats in Tibetan
Plateau, China
Rong-Ju Xu1,3,4 , Jun-Fu Li5, De-Qun Zhou1,6 , Saranyaphat Boonmee3,4 , Qi Zhao1, Ya-Ya Chen2
1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
2 Guizhou Provincial Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guiyang 550006, China
3 School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
4 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
5 Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute
of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
6 Institute of Fanjing Mountain National Park, Tongren University, Guizhou 554300, China
Corresponding author: Ya-Ya Chen (wmlove@163.com), Qi Zhao (zhaoqi@mail.kib.ac.cn)
Copyright: © Rong-Ju Xu et al.
This is an open access article distributed under
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (Attribution 4.0 International –
CC BY 4.0).
Research Article
Abstract
During an investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi in the Tibetan Plateau, three
Aquapteridospora taxa were collected from freshwater habitats in Xizang, China. The
new species possess polyblastic, sympodial, denticles conidiogenous cells and fu-
Aquapteridospora, and multi-gene phylogeny placed these species within Aquapterido-
spora. Detailed morphological observations clearly demarcate three of these from extant
species and are hence described as new taxa. The multi-gene phylogeny of the combined
LSU, TEF-
-
acteristics and phylogenetic analyses, three new species viz. A. linzhiensis, A. yadon-
gensis, and A. submersa are introduced. Details of asexual morphs are described, and
Key words: 3 new taxa, freshwater fungi, morphology, phylogeny, Sordariomycetes,
taxonomy
Introduction
Freshwater ascomycetes are the ecological groups that occur saprobically on
1993). Lignicolous freshwater fungi represent a highly diverse taxonomic group
with a substantial population. These fungi play a pivotal role in the transfer of
achieve this by breaking down complex organic compounds into simpler inor-
that lignicolous freshwater fungi comprise a diverse taxonomic assemblage,
Academic editor: S. C. Karunarathna
Received:
18 September 2023
Accepted:
17 October 2023
Published:
23 February 2024
Citation: Xu R-J, Li J-F, Zhou D-Q,
Boonmee S, Zhao Q, Chen Y-Y
(2024) Three novel species of
Aquapteridospora (Distoseptisporales,
Aquapteridosporaceae) from freshwater
habitats in Tibetan Plateau, China.
MycoKeys 102: 183–200. https://doi.
org/10.3897/mycokeys.102.112905
MycoKeys 102: 183–200 (2024)
DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112905
184
MycoKeys 102: 183–200 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112905
Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
-
-
Aquapteridospora-
homycetidae genera incertae sedis, based on morphological and phylogenetic
Aquapteridospora, with A. lignicola as the type
species, is characterized by polyblastic, sympodial, denticles conidiogenous
cells and fusiform, with pale to dark brown central cells and subhyaline end
intro-
Aquapteridospora
and placed this family in order Distoseptisporales based on divergence esti-
mates, morphological characters, and phylogenetic analyses.
Aquapteridospora is a hyphomycetous genus that are commonly found in
freshwater habitats, but only a few terrestrial species, such as A. bambusinum
≡Pleurophragmium bambusinum) was collected from dead culms of bamboo
Aquapteridospora have been described and documented, including A. aquatica,
A. bambusinum, A. fusiformis, A. hyalina, A. jiangxiensis and A. lignicola
During an investigation of freshwater fungal diversity on the Tibetan Plateau,
-
nus Aquapteridospora -
acteristics revealed that these collections were morphologically different from
the other species in Aquapteridospora
combined LSU, TEF
belong to distinct clades, which are distinct from other species in Aquapterido-
spora. Therefore, three new species viz. Aquapteridospora linzhiensis, A. sub-
mersa and A. yadongensis are introduced, as well as details of asexual morphs
-
vided in this study.
Materials and methods
Collection, morphological examination and isolation
Submerged decaying wood samples were collected from freshwater habitats in
southeast Xizang, China. Fresh specimens were studied following the methods
185
MycoKeys 102: 183–200 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112905
Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
-
-
-
-
http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp).
DNA extraction, PCR amplication, and sequencing
-
-
-
TEF1-
983F/TEF1-2218R for TEF1-α
-
TEF1-α consisted of initial dena-
by using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide and
Tsingke Company, Beijing, P.R. China.
Phylogenetic analyses
http://www.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/blast/
TEF
http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/
server/index.html
186
MycoKeys 102: 183–200 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112905
Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
http://phylemon.bioinfo.cipf.es/utilities.html
Table 1. -
Species Voucher number GenBank accession number Reference
LSU ITS TEF1-α
Aquapteridospora aquatic MFLUCC 17-2371 MW287767 MW286493 /
A. bambusinum MFLUCC 12-0850 KU863149 KU940161 KU940213
A. bambusinum MZ412526 MZ412514 MZ442688
A. hyalina GZCC 22-0072 ON527945 ON527937 ON533681
A. hyalina
A. jiangxiensis JAUCC 3008 MZ871502 MZ871501 MZ855767
A. fusiformis MFLUCC 18-1606 MK849798 MK828652 MN194056
A. lignicola MFLUCC 15-0377 KU221018 MZ868774 MZ892980
A. linzhiensis KUNCC 10420 OQ970576 OP626343 OR597592 This study
A. linzhiensis This study
A. submersa KUNCC 10446 OQ970579 OQ847783 OR597595 This study
A. submersa This study
A. yadongensis KUNCC 10445 OQ970577 OQ847782 OR597593 This study
A. yadongensis This study
Distoseptispora atroviridis GZCC 20-0511 MZ868763 MZ868772 MZ892978
D. bambusae MFLUCC 20-0091 MT232718 MT232713 MT232880
D. euseptata
D. fusiformis GZCC 20-0512 MZ868764 MZ868773 MZ892979
D. guizhouensis GZCC 21-0666 MZ474869 MZ474868 MZ501610
D. hyalina MFLUCC 17-2128 MZ868760 MZ868769 MZ892976
D. multiseptata MF135652
D. rayongensis MFLUCC 18-0415 MH457137 MH457172 MH463253
D. rayongensis
D. rostrata MFLUCC 16-0969 MG979766 MG979758 MG988424
D. saprophytica MFLUCC 18-1238 MW287780 MW286506 MW396651
D. verrucosa GZCC 20-0434 MZ868762 MZ868771 MZ892977
D. xishuangbannaensis KUMCC 17-0290 MH260293 MH275061 MH412768
D. yunnansis MFLUCC 20-0153 MW081546 MW081541 MW084995
Pseudostanjehughesia
aquitropica
MFLUCC 16-0569 MF077559 MF077548 MF135655
P. lignicola MFLUCC 15-0352 MK849787 MK828643 MN194047
Sporidesmium dulongense MFLUCC 17-0116 MH795817 MH795812 MH801191
S. lageniforme DLUCC 0880 MK849782 MK828640 MN194044
S. pyriformatum MFLUCC 15-0620 KX710141 KX710146 MF135662
S. thailandense MF135657
S. thailandense MFLUCC 15-0964 MF374370 MF374361 MF370957
Myrmecridium aquaticum MFLUCC 15-0366 MK849804 / /
M. aquaticum S-1158
M. banksiae CBS 132536 JX069855 JX069871 /
M. schulzeri /
187
MycoKeys 102: 183–200 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112905
Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
http://www.phy-
lo.org/portal2
-
TEF
th generation.
Figure 1.TEF
the nodes, shown as “ML/PP”. The tree is rooted with Pseudostanjehughesia aquitropicaP. ligni-
cla
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Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
-
http://www.treebase.org/).
Results
Phylogenetic analyses
TEF
strains with Pseudostanjehughesia aquitropicaP. ligni-
cola
-α
-
-
-
The phylogenetic analyses showed that our six strains nested within the
genus Aquapteridospora represent three species. Two strains of A. linzhien-
sis -
ter to A. fusiformis A. yadongen-
sis
A. submersa
A. lignicola-
Taxonomy
Aquapteridospora linzhiensis R.J. Xu, Q. Zhao & Boonmee, sp. nov.
Facesoffungi Number: FoF14348
Fig. 2
Etymology. Referring to the location “Linzhi City, China” where the holotype of
this fungus was collected.
Holotype.
Description. Saprobic on decaying wood submerged in freshwater. Sexual
morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on the natural substrate ef-
fuse, hairy, pale brown to brown, scattered or in small groups. Mycelium mostly
-
phae. Conidiophoresx
-
brown towards apex. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, monoblastic, terminal,
189
MycoKeys 102: 183–200 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112905
Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
Figure 2. Aquapteridospora linzhiensisa colonies on the substratum b–e conidiophores, conid-
iogenous cells with conidia f, g conidiogenous cells with developmental conidia h–k conidia l, m
b–e)f, g)h–k).
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Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
becoming intercalary, cylindrical, pale brown, integrated, with several sympodial
proliferations, conspicuous denticles, bearing tiny, protuberant, circular scars.
Conidiax
fusiform or elliptical, smooth, 2-septate, truncate at base, dark brown in central
cells and subhyaline at end cells, guttulate. Conidial secession schizolytic.
Culture characteristics.
-
white near the edge.
Material examined. , Xizang, Linzhi City, Motuo County, on submerged
-
Notes. Phylogenetic analyses show that Aquapteridospora linzhiensis
to A. fusiformis
A. linzhiensis differs from A. fusiformis in having obvious, gut-
vs
A. linzhiensis and A. fusiformis
A. linzhiensis-
cies supported with both morphological and phylogenetic evidences.
Aquapteridospora yadongensis R.J. Xu, Q. Zhao & Boonmee, sp. nov.
Facesoffungi Number: FoF14349
Fig. 3
Etymology. Referring to the location “Yadong County, China” where the holo-
type of this fungus was collected.
Holotype.
Description. Saprobic on decaying wood submerged in freshwater. Sexual
morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on the natural substrate ef-
fuse, hairy, pale brown to brown, scattered or in small groups, usually retiform.
Mycelium
brown to brown hyphae. Conidiophores x
-
apex, brown to pale brown, slightly constricted at some septa. Conidiogenous
cells polyblastic, monoblastic, terminal, becoming intercalary, cylindrical, pale
brown, integrated, denticles, bearing tiny, protuberant, circular scars. Conidia
x
3-septate, rounded at apex, truncate at base, dark brown in central cells and
light at end cells. Conidial secession schizolytic.
Culture characteristics.
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Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
Figure 3. Aquapteridospora yadongensisa colonies on the substratum b, c conidiophore and
conidiogenous cell d-g conidiogenous cells with developmental conidia h–k conidia l germinating conidium m culture
b, c)d, g)h–l).
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Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
dark brown from below.
Material examined. , Xizang, Shigatse City, Yadong County, on sub-
-
Notes. Aquapteridospora yadongensis possess its conidial characteris-
Aquapteridospora -
ses, A. yadongensis formed a distinct lineage close to A. submersa with high
shows that A. yadongensisA. submersa
TEF
shows that A. yadongensisA. submersa
-
tion, A. yadongensis differs from A. submersa in having narrower conidiophores
vsA. submersa have slightly constricted sep-
A. yadongensis have regular concentric circles differing from
A. submersa having pale mycelium in the centre. Furthermore, A. yadongensis
differs from A. lignicolavs
Aquapteridospora submersa R.J. Xu, Q. Zhao & Boonmee, sp. nov.
Facesoffungi Number:
Fig. 4
Etymology. Referring to the fungus’s habitat “decaying wood submerged in
freshwater habitats”.
Holotype.
Description. Saprobic on decaying wood submerged in freshwater. Sexual
morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on the natural substrate ef-
fuse, glistening, pale brown to brown, scattered or in small groups. Mycelium
brown hyphae. Conidiophoresx
-
ous, unbranched, smooth, cylindrical, multi-septate, tapering towards apex,
brown to pale brown. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, monoblastic, termi-
nal, becoming intercalary, cylindrical, pale brown, integrated, with several
sympodial proliferations, conspicuous denticles, bearing tiny, protuberant,
circular scars. Conidia x
-
cate at base, slightly constricted at septa, hyaline when young, sub-hyaline
to pale brown when mature, two big guttulate when young. Conidial seces-
sion schizolytic.
Culture characteristics.
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Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
Figure 4. Aquapteridospora submersaa colonies on the substratum b–d conidiophores, con-
idiogenous cells with conidia e–g conidiogenous cells with developmental conidia h–k conidia l germinating conidium
m, nb–d)e–g)h–l).
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Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
above, dark brown from below.
Material examined. , Xizang, Linzhi City, Motuo County, on submerged
Notes. Phylogenetic analyses show that Aquapteridospora submersa
A. yadongensis
A. lignicola
-
teristics and nucleotides shows that A. submersa differs from A. yadongensis
A. yadongensisA. submersa differs from A. lignicola
vs
Aquapteridospora submersa is intro-
duced here as a new species.
Discussion
Species of Aquapteridospora
characteristics, especially in the features of the conidiophores and conidia
species exhibit conidia with a distinct sheath, such as A. aquatica, A. jiangx-
iensis and A. lignicola
-
nidia, as observed in A. hyalina
conidiophores in species of Aquapteridospora-
species like A. aquatica, A. fusiformis, A. hyaline, A. jiangxiensis, A. lignicola
and A. linzhiensis
such as A. bambusinum, A. yadongensis and A. submersa ,
this study).
Molecular phylogenetic analyses play a crucial role in elucidating the clas-
Pleurophragmium bambusinum was initially described by Dai
incertae se-
dis
P. bambusinum was found to cluster
within the Aquapteridospora
their studies did not synonymize P. bambusinum under Aquapteridospora due
to the ellipsoidal and conidia without a sheath, which indicate that it does
Aquapteridospora
P. bambusinum to Aquapteridospora and syn-
onymized A. bambusinum instead of P. bambusinum, based on both phyloge-
ny and morphology.
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Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
The Tibetan Plateau is renowned for its distinctive biological diversity and
understudied in this region, primarily due to the limited number of researchers
focusing on freshwater fungi in the Tibetan Plateau. During our investigation
into freshwater fungal diversity on the Tibetan Plateau, we introduced three
new species within the genus Aquapteridospora, supported by both phylogenet-
ic analysis and morphology. The discovery of these new species revealed the
region are expected in the future.
Additional information
Conict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Ethical statement
No ethical statement was reported.
Table 2. Synopsis of known species in Aquapteridospora.
Species Conidiophores
(μm)
Conidiogenous cells
(μm) Conidia (μm) Host Habitat Distribution Reference
Aquapteridospora
aquatic
Polyblastic, terminal,
intercalary, denticles
solitary, olivaceous or brown in the
middle cells, fusiform, 3-septate,
gelatinous, thin sheath
submerged
wood
Freshwater Thailand Dong et
A. bambusinum
Polyblastic, sympodial,
denticulate, integrated,
terminal
pale brown to dark brown, ellipsoid to
fusiform, 3-septate, straight
submerged
wood
Freshwater Thailand Bao et al.
A. fusiformis
Polyblastic, terminal,
intercalary, sympodial
proliferations
brown in central cells and subhyaline
submerged
wood
Freshwater China Luo et al.
A. hyalina
polyblastic,
monoblastic, denticles
solitary, sub-hyaline to pale brown,
submerged
wood
Freshwater China Ma et al.
A. jiangxiensis
integrated, terminal,
intercalary
dark brown to black, fusiform to
subclavate, 3-septate, sometimes
with a sheath
submerged
wood
Freshwater China Peng et
A. lignicola
polyblastic, terminal,
intercalary
acropleurogenous, with pale to dark
brown central cells and subhyaline
end cells, fusiform, 3-septate, with a
conspicuous sheath
submerged
wood
Freshwater Thailand Yang et al.
A. linzhiensis
Polyblastic, terminal,
intercalary, denticles
acropleurogenous, dark brown
in central cells and subhyaline at
end cells, fusiform or elliptical,
2-septate, guttulate
submerged
wood
Freshwater China This study
A. yadongensis
Polyblastic,
monoblastic, terminal,
intercalary, denticles
brown in central cells and subhyaline
at end cells, fusiform, 3-septate
submerged
wood
Freshwater China This study
A. submersa
Polyblastic,
monoblastic, terminal,
intercalary, denticles
acropleurogenous, hyaline when
young, sub-hyaline to pale brown when
guttulate when young
submerged
wood
Freshwater China This study
196
MycoKeys 102: 183–200 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112905
Rong-Ju Xu et al.: Three new species A. guttulata, A. yadongensis and A. submersa are introduced
Funding
-
Author contributions
JFL, DQZ.
Author ORCIDs
Rong-Ju Xu
Jun-Fu Li
De-Qun Zhou
Saranyaphat Boonmee
Qi Zhao
Ya-Ya Chen
Data availability
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